Croton seputubensis Hoehne (1914: 53)
Croton motilonorum Croizat (1950: 126)
Taxonomic revision of Croton section Cleodora (Euphorbiaceae)
Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi
Cordeiro, Inês
Phytotaxa
2013
2013-08-07
121
1
1
41
1. Croton cajucara Bentham (1854: 376)( Fig. 1E–H). Type:— BRAZIL. Pará: On the Lago de Quiriquiry, near Obidos, December 1849, R. Spruce s.n.( holotypeK!, isotypes A, M, P!).
Croton seputubensis Hoehne (1914: 53). Type:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Salto da Felicidade, Sepotuba, January 1914, F.C. Hoehne5615( lectotypeR!, here designated); Salto da Felicidade, Sepotuba, January 1914, F.C. Hoehne5616( syntypeR!); Salto da Felicidade, Sepotuba, January 1914, F.C. Hoehne5617( syntypeR!); Salto da Felicidade, Sepotuba, January 1914, F.C. Hoehne5618( syntypeR!); Salto da Felicidade, Sepotuba, January 1914, F.C. Hoehne5619( syntypeR!). Croton motilonorum Croizat (1950: 126). Type:— VENEZUELA. Zulia: Colón: Orillasde bosques vírgenes a lo largo del ferrocarril de Los Encontradosa Casigua-El Cubo, unos 10–15 kilómetros al norte de Casigua-El Cubo, May 1949, L. Croizats.n.( holotypeCAR, isotype F! [F1426209]). Trees 3–12 mtall; latex ferrugineous; trichomes stellate, appressed-stellate, multiradiate, and dendritic; branchlets cilyndrical, floccose, recovered by dendritic trichomes, slightly striated. Leaves distichous, slightly discolorous, with a pair of sessile saucer-shaped basilaminar glands; lamina 2–14 × 1–4.5 cm, ovate to ovatelanceolate, apex acuminate, base cuneate to obtuse; margin entire to minutely serrate, with glands on teeth, adaxial surface glabrate, multiradiate trichomes only on the middle vein, abaxial surface glabrescent, ferrugineous, appressed-stellate trichomes; venation pinnate, eucamptodromous; petiole 0.2–1 cmlong, usually inconspicuous and maculate, greenish; stipules ca. 1 mmlong, entire, linear-lanceolate, deciduous. Inflorescences 8–28 cmlong, lax, pendant; axis terete, striate, pubescent, stellate trichomes; proximal cymules bisexual, ca. 2 staminate flowers and 1 pistillate flower, distal cymules with ca. 2 staminate flowers; bracts 1.5–2 mmlong, entire, lanceolate, prophylls ca. 0.5 mmlong, linear-lanceolate. Staminate flowers 3–6 mmlong, subcampanulate; pedicels 1–4 mmlong; calyx ca. 2 mmlong, pubescent externally, whitish-green, stellate trichomes, glabrate internally; calyx lobes 5, united at the base, ca. 1.5 mmlong, equal, entire, slightly imbricate, ovate, apex acute, margin villose; petals ca. 2.5 mmlong, lanceolate to spathulate, apex acute to obtuse, villose externally, stellate trichomes, glabrate internally, margin villose; disk 5-segmented; stamens ca. 16; filament subulate, margin villose, anther arrow-headed; receptacle villose, with simple trichomes. Pistillate flowers ca. 5 mmlong, ovoid, pedicels ca. 1.5 mmlong; calyx ca. 4 mmlong, pubescent externally, whitish-green, stellate trichomes, glabrescent internally, stellate trichomes; calyx lobes 5, ca. 4 mmlong, slightly united at the base, equal, entire, quincuncial, fleshy, largely ovate to rhomboidal, apex acute, margin villose; petals absent; disk 5-segmented; ovary globose, villose; styles 3, 4-fid, united up to half of their length, forming a column covered by stellate trichomes, then branching into 12 terminal arms, exserted from calyx. Fruits 0.6–1 cmlong, globose, smooth, stellate trichomes; calyx lobes persistent, accrescent; seeds ca. 4 mmlong, globose-elliptic, slightly ribbed.
Common names:—sacaca, sacaca-vermelha, sacaca-branca, musacaca, maria-vuvuia, murasacacavermelha.
Distribution and habitat:— Croton cajucarais a common species from the Amazonian rain forest, occurring in “terra firme” forests of Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, Venezuelaand Suriname, from sea level to 850 melevation. Phenology:—Flowering in January, February, April–June, and October–December; fruiting in January– July and October–December. Taxonomic notes:— Croton cajucarais here treated as a polymorphic species with respect to their vegetative characters. Despite this the species presents a characteristic floccose indument on its branchlets, and distichous leaves. Croton seputubensiswas described by Hoehne (1914)based on five samples collected in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The specimen that best fits the description of C. seputubensis, Hoehne 5615(R), is here designated as its lectotype. Selected specimens examined:— SURINAME. Lely Mts., SW plateaus covered by ferrobauxite, in base line 2600, E of airstrip, high forest, 550–710 m, 22 September 1975, J.C. Lindemanet al. 172(US, VEN). VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Atures, 23 kmNE of Puerto Ayacuchoand 10 kmE of the highway, hills and base of hills, near Cachama, 5°51’N, 67°24’W, 90 m, fl., 17 April 1978, G. Davidse& O. Huber15334(DAV, MO, US, VEN). BRAZIL. Pará: Capanema, Rio Quatipuru, in vicinity of Mirasselvas, ca. 30 kmby road west of Bragança, ca. 1º04’S, 46º59’W, 50 m, fr., 9 April 1980, G. Davidseet al. 18139(INPA, MG, NY, SPF). PERU. Madre de Dios: Tambopata ProvinceLas Piedras, Cusco Amazónico, 200 m, 12°29’S, 69°03’W, 28 October 1991, M. Timaná& N. Jaramillo2843(MO, WIS). BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Velasco, Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado, 14°33’28’’S, 60°55’51’’W, 230 m, fl., 12 December 1996, T. Killeen8119(DAV, MO, USZ).
[786,1435,820,846]
de Quiriquiry
Brazil
Lago de Quiriquiry
3
4
1
[378,584,897,920]
1914-01
F. C. Hoehne
Brazil
Type
Sepotuba
Salto da Felicidade
3
4
5
Mato Grosso
lectotype
[380,597,1057,1080]
1949-05
de Los Encontrados & L. Croizat
Venezuela
Type
Orillas
Colon
3
4
1
Zulia
holotype
1975-09-22
VEN
Lindeman
Suriname
630
Lely Mts.
5
6
1
1978-04-17
VEN
G. Davidse & O. Huber
Venezuela
90
5.85
Cachama
1305
-67.4
Atures
5
6
1
Amazonas
1980-04-09
SPF
G. Davidse
Brazil
Para
50
-1.0666667
Rio Quatipuru
1308
-46.983334
Capanema
5
6
1
1991-10-28
WIS
M. Timana & N. Jaramillo
Peru
200
-12.483334
Amazonico
1293
-69.05
Tambopata Province
5
6
1
Madre de Dios
1996-12-12
USZ
T. Killeen
Bolivia
230
-14.557778
Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado
21
-60.930836
Velasco
5
6
1
Santa Cruz