Amberboa incanescens Candolle (1838: 561) Centaurea incanescens (DC.) Schultz Bipontinus (1847: 326) A taxonomic study on Psephellus sect. Amblyopogon (Asteraceae, Cardueae- Centaureinae) Yousefi, Zohreh Negaresh, Kazem Kaya, Yusuf Phytotaxa 2021 2021-04-07 494 3 273 288 4NGNQ (DC.) Boissier (1875: 610) Boissier 610 1875 DC. [164,747,1469,1496] Magnoliopsida Asteraceae Psephellus Plantae Asterales 4 277 Tracheophyta species incanescens      Amberboa incanescens Candolle (1838: 561).   Centaurea incanescens(DC.) Schultz Bipontinus (1847: 326). Type:— IRAN. Prov. West Azerbaijan: in locis siccis lapidosis circa Seidchadschi, Szovits s.n.( lectotypeG-DC! (G00474385: on the left side of the sheet) designated here by Negaresh, isolectotypes G00330548!, H1023234!, K000794267!, P00730184!: bottom right hand corner of the sheet). Perennial herbs, with long rhizome, whole plant usually grayish, remains of leaf bases of the previous year present. Stems simple, always arising from the base of the rosette, procumbent, 2–10 cmtall, densely leafy throughout, ca. 2.5 mmin diam. at the base, cylindrical, with thin white striations, densely covered with tomentose hairs. Leaves coriaceous, densely covered with appressed-grayish-tomentose hairs on both sides. Rosette leaves petiolate, undivided, lanceolate or oblong, 6–10 × 1.5–4 cm, sometimes with 1–2 small lobes in base of lamina, smooth or denticulate at margins, acuminate at apex. Basal and lower cauline leaves petiolate, sometimes withered at anthesis, 4–15 × 1–2 cm, almost lyrate; terminal segment much larger, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, denticulate at margins; lateral segments in 1–3 pairs, smaller, narrowly lanceolate, acute at apex. Median and upper cauline leaves simple, undivided, lanceolate or oblanceolate, 2–4 × 0.5–1.2 cm, narrowed toward base, smooth at margins, acute or rounded at apex. Capitula few, 1– 4-cephalous, solitary on sessile peduncles; involucres ovoid, 17–25 × 13–18 mm. Phyllaries multiseriate, coriaceous, imbricate, green, glabrous. Appendages medium-sized, membranous, totally concealing the phyllaries, pale brown or brown, outer ones straw-coloured, lanceolate or elongate lanceolate, 5–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm(excluding cilia), regularly ciliate, never with a spine; cilia straw-coloured, narrowly triangular, numerous, 10–17 on each side, 1–2.5 mmlong. Flowers pink; central florets hermaphroditic, numerous, 14–16 mmlong, corolla 8–9 mmlong, 5-lobed, lobes 5–6 mmlong, stigma exserted from corolla up to 4 mm; peripheral florets slightly longer than central ones, scarcely radiant, with staminodes, 4-lobed, limb lobes narrowly lanceolate to linear, 7–8 mmlong. Achenes oblong, 6–6.5 × 2.5–3 mm, smooth and shiny, yellowish, rounded at apex, glabrous; detachment area lateral, large, ca. 0.8–1 mmlong, glabrous. Pappus straw-coloured, deciduous, scabrous, 1/ 4– 1/ 3as long as achenes, 1–1.5 mmlong, bristles of inner rows slightly longer than outer.   Nomenclatural notes:—When describing  Amberboa incanescens, Candolle (1838)cited two collections: Szovits s.n.and Aucher-Eloy 3203. In Flora Iranica, Wagenitz (1980)cited “type: Aucher-Eloy 4834, G-DC and K!”, a collection number that is not mentioned in the protologue of  Amberboa incanescens(1838: 561). Aucher-Eloy 4834specimen could not be located in G-DC herbarium in Geneva, nor in K herbarium. This error can be explained by a specimen of  P. incanescensin W herbarium, labeled Aucher-Eloy 4834. This specimen was seen and annotated as  Amblyopogon incanescensby Boissier. Wagenitz (1980)should not have selected the specimen Aucher-Eloy 4834as a type because the protologue ( Candolle 1838) cited explicitly Szovits s.n.and Aucher-Eloy 3203. For this reason, the typification in Flora Iranica( Wagenitz 1980) should be rejected, and since there are two syntypecollections, a lecototype must be designated. In G-DC, the type material is represented by one sheet. The sheet comprises two specimens: Szovits s.n., on the left side of the sheet, and Aucher-Eloy 3203, on the right side of the sheet. The Szovits gathering bears a label “  Amblyopogon incanescens, in locis siccis lapidosis circa Seidchadschi prov:Aderbeidschan, herb Szovits”. The second specimen bears a label “Cent., Alpes Lazistani, 1837, Aucher-Eloy 3203”. The specimen Szovits s.n.is selected here as the lectotypebecause its plant contains leaves, phyllaries and capitula that are better developed than another specimen and shows the characters mentioned in the protologue.  The specimens from both typegatherings are also kept in other herbaria, for example Szovits s.n.at G-BOIS (other set), H, Kand P, Aucher-Eloy 3203at P. The label of Szovits gathering in G-BOIS slightly differs, its label reads “Ex herbario horti Petropolitani” [printed] and “  Amblyopogon incanescens, Aderbeidschan, Szovits 189” [handwritten], but on the label of the isolectotype P00730184it is printed: “Herb. Al. de Bunge” and handwritten: “  Amblyopogon incanescens, Persiaboreal., Szovits”. However, two other isolectotypes deposited in Hand Khave similar labels as the G-DC collection.   Distribution:—  Psephellus incanescensgenerally occurs in the vicinity of Qotur city in West Azerbaijan Province, NW Iran( Fig. 3). Wagenitz (1975)indicated  P. incanescensunder the headline “Species doubtfully recorded” in the Flora of Turkey. While conducting floristic explorations along the Iran-Turkey border, we came across one specimenof this species in the Van Province, SE Turkeyduring 2015. The present report is the first record of the taxon for Turkey( Fig. 3).   Ecology:—  Psephellus incanescensis an Irano-Turanian element, and grows on stony slopes and gravel slopes in the high-montane zone, at elevations of 2000–3000 m( Fig. 5C).  Taxonomic notes:—  Psephellus incanescensis similar to  P. integrifoliusin its habit form, indumentum of plant and color of appendages and flowers. However,  P. incanescensdiffers from  P. integrifoliusby its basal and lower cauline leaves almost lyrate ( vs. undivided), appendages of phyllaries 5–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm(excluding cilia) ( vs. 4–5 × 1.8–2.5 mm(excluding cilia)), achenes 6–6.5 mm( vs. ca. 4 mm) long, and also pappus 1/ 4– 1/ 3as long as achenes, bristles of inner rows almost equal to outer in width ( vs. 1/ 3– 1/ 2as long as achenes, bristles of inner rows much wider than those of outer).  Selected specimens examined:—   IRAN. Prov. West Azerbaijan: Alpes Lazistani, 1837,  Aucher-Eloy3203(G- DC!: on the right side of the sheet, P!) ( syntypesof  Psephellus incanescens); Qotur, Qotur-Raziborder checkpoint, Wmountains, 38°29’42.6” N, 44°19’51.6” E,  2000–2500 m,  26 June 2015,  Negaresh& Pakzad264( KHAU!, FUMH!);   7 July 2014,  Negaresh& Asadbegy263( KHAU!, FUMH!);  Qotur, in valley Qotur,  2400 m,  20 June 2011,  Negaresh& Ranjbar15851( BASU!: two sheets); road of Qotur-Khoy, 5 kmto Qotur, Emountains,  2200 m,  25 June 2012,  Negaresh& Ranjbar25906( BASU!: two sheets); Habashi Bala N Qotur,  Rechinger49586( W!);  Kuh-e Kani Ziarat N Habashi Bala,  2300–3000 m,  W. Rechinger& Renz in Rechinger49679( W!); in valle Qotur,  Rechinger41713( W!);   Rechinger49558( W!);  Azerbaijan,  Aucher-Eloy4834( P!, W!: two sheets);  Szovitss.n.( P!);  Qoturto Khoy, a few km from Qotur, ca.  1950 m,  10 July 1971,  Lamond3993( E!).   TURKEY. Van: Emountains of Kapýköyborder gate, 38°29’52.1” N, 44°19’15.9” E,  2000–2500 m,  26 June 2015,  Yousefi& Negaresh265( KHAU!). H, K, P Iran However 5 278 P00730184 1 2015-06-26 P, W, KHAU, FUMH Negaresh & Pakzad Iran Prov. 2250 38.495167 Aucher-Eloy 1 44.330997 Alpes Lazistani 5 278 1 Azarbayjan-e Gharbi syntype [136,804,1814,1841] 2014-07-07 KHAU, FUMH Negaresh & Asadbegy Iran 5 278 1 syntype 2011-06-20 2012-06-25 2011-06-20 BASU, E, N, W Negaresh & Ranjbar & Habashi Bala & Qotur & Rechinger Iran 2400 valley Qotur Qotur 5 278 1 syntype N, W Kuh-e Kani Ziarat & Rechinger Iran 2650 Renz in Rechinger Habashi Bala 5 278 1 syntype [1019,1446,1922,1948] W Qotur & Rechinger Iran 5 278 1 syntype [136,396,1958,1984] W Rechinger Iran 5 278 1 syntype [409,1191,1958,1985] P, W Aucher-Eloy Iran Szovits 5 278 1 Azarbayjan-e Sharqi syntype 1971-07-10 E Lamond Iran Qotur 1950 Qotur Khoy 5 278 1 syntype 2015-06-26 E, KHAU Yousefi & Negaresh Turkey 2250 38.497807 Kapykoy 1 44.321083 5 278 1 Van syntype