Halictus Zephyrus Smith, 1853: 68
Halictus ( Chloralictus ) academicus Sandhouse, 1924: 12
Halictus ( Chloralictus ) vintonensis Sandhouse, 1924: 22
academicus
zephyrus
Halictus zephyrus
Robertson 1895: 117
Cockerell 1905: 352
Chloralictus zephyrus
Robertson 1902: 248
Halictus ( Chloralictus ) zephyrus
Viereck et al . 1916: 706
Sandhouse 1924: 6
Lasioglossum ( Chloralictus ) academicum
Michener 1951: 1111
Lasioglossum ( Chloralictus ) zephyrus
Michener 1951: 1118
Dialictus zephyrus
Mitchell 1960: 431
Hurd 1979: 1973
Lasioglossum ( Dialictus ) zephyrum
Dialictus academicus
Evylaeus zephyrus
Lasioglossum zephyrum
The ‘ red-tailed’ Lasioglossum (Dialictus) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) of the western Nearctic
Gardner, Joel
Gibbs, Jason
European Journal of Taxonomy
2020
2020-11-27
725
1
242
(Smith, 1853)
Smith
1853
[500,1087,1142,1169]
Insecta
Halictidae
Lasioglossum
Animalia
Hymenoptera
203
204
Arthropoda
species
zephyrus
Dialictus
Figs 89, 90Q, 116A
Halictus Zephyrus Smith, 1853: 68( holotype, ♂, deposited in NHMUK). Halictus( Chloralictus) academicus Sandhouse, 1924: 12( holotype, ♀, deposited in USNM, examined; synonymy by Gibbs 2010). Halictus( Chloralictus) vintonensis Sandhouse, 1924: 22( holotype, ♀, deposited in USNM, examined; synonymy with academicusby Michener 1951, with zephyrusby Gibbs 2010). Halictus zephyrus– Robertson 1895: 117(female description). — Cockerell 1905: 352(redescription). Chloralictus zephyrus– Robertson 1902: 248(key). Halictus( Chloralictus) zephyrus– Viereck et al. 1916: 706(key). — Sandhouse 1924: 6(key). Lasioglossum( Chloralictus) academicum– Michener 1951: 1111(catalog). Lasioglossum( Chloralictus) zephyrus– Michener 1951: 1118(catalog). Dialictus zephyrus– Mitchell 1960: 431, figs 101–102 (key, redescription). — Hurd 1979: 1973(catalog). — Moure & Hurd 1987: 140(catalog). Lasioglossum( Dialictus) zephyrum(incorrect subsequent spelling) – Batra 1964(biology); 1965 (associates); 1966 (biology). — Krombein 1967: 467(catalog). — Michener et al. 1971a(biology); 1971b (biology). — Michener 1974(biology); 1990 (biology). — Wolf & Ascher 2009: 144(checklist). — Gibbs 2010: 362, figs 242a–e, 243a–f (key, redescription); 2011: 211 (key). — Scott et al. 2011: 32(checklist). — Dibble et al. 2017: 14(checklist). — Gibbs et al. 2017: 88(checklist). Dialictus academicus– Hurd 1979: 1963(catalog). — Moure & Hurd 1987: 87(catalog). Evylaeus zephyrus– Pesenko et al. 2000: 42(review). Lasioglossum zephyrum– Donovall & van Engeldorp 2010: 18 (checklist).
Diagnosis Females of Lasioglossum zephyruscan be recognized by the metapostnotum smooth with rugae reaching about halfway to the posterior margin, acarinarial fan dense and often complete, mesosoma with fine and often sparse punctures (i=1–2 pd), metasoma mostly dark and often with metallic green terga, head often large with gena much broader than eye and ocelloccipital distance equal to or greater than interocellar distance, and pronotal ridge absent. They are most similar to L. kunzeiand L. semibrunneum. Both of these species have the pronotal ridge carinate, acarinarial fan sparse, mesosoma very sparsely punctate (i=1–6 pd), and gena sometimes with a ventral tubercle. Males of L. zephyruscan be recognized by the propodeum dorsolateral slope rugose and lateral face smooth and tessellate, mesosoma with fine and often sparse punctures (i=1–2 pd), paraocular area with dense tomentum, T2–5 with at least some tomentum, flagellomeres relatively long (F2 about 2 times as long as F1 and 1.75 times as long as broad), and pronotal ridge absent. They are most similar to L. testaceum, L. pictum, L. arenisaltans sp. nov., L. kunzei, and L. semibrunneum. Males of L. testaceumcan be separated by the characters given in the key. Males of L. pictumand L. arenisaltans sp. nov.have the propodeum lateral face rugulose and mesosoma with larger and denser punctures (i =1–2 pd). Males of L. kunzeiand L. semibrunneumhave the pronotal ridge carinate, flagellomeres relatively short (F2 about 1.3 times as long as F1 and 1.25 times as long as broad), and propodeum dorsolateral slope smooth and shiny.
Etymology It is evident from his capitalization that Smith (1853)named this species after Zephyrus, the Greek god of the west wind. As a noun, it is not declinable to zephyrum, in contrast with common past usage ( Batra 1964, 1965, 1966; Michener et al. 1971a, 1971b; Michener 1974, 1990; Wolf & Ascher 2009; Scott et al. 2011; Gibbs 2010, 2011; Dibble et al. 2017; Gibbs et al. 2017). It has almost universally been spelled zephyrumin combination with Lasioglossumwith the exception of Michener (1951).
Material examined Holotype UNITED STATES– Florida• ♂; St. John’s Bluff; [ 30.38° N, 81.5° W]; E. Doubledayleg.; NHMUK. Other material CANADA– Manitoba• 1 ♀; Carberry Sandhills 24 kmS of Carberry; 49.4° N, 99.16° W; 340 ma.s.l.; 7 Aug. 2011; R.E. Wrigleyleg.; WRME. UNITED STATES– California• 1 ♂; Alameda; [ 37.78° N, 122.28° W]; Apr. 1937; BBSL. – Colorado• 6 ♀♀; Douglas Co., 3 mi.SSW of Nighthawk; 39.332° N, 105.1804° W; 1951 ma.s.l.; 13 Jul. 2000; A.L. Hicksand Virginia Scottleg.; UCMC• 1 ♀; Mesa Co., Colorado National Monument near Visitors Center; [ 39.101° N, 108.735° W]; 1737 ma.s.l.; 10 May 1988; U. Lanhamand M. Weissmanleg.; ex Lepidium; UCMC• 1 ♀; Otero Co., Rocky Ford; [ 38.05° N, 103.72° W]; 27 Jul. 1971; J. W. Brewerleg.; ex Citrullus lanatus; MTEC• 1 ♀; Boulder; [ 40.02° N, 105.27° W]; 14 May; Irene Bleasdaleleg.; USNM• 2 ♂♂; Garden of the Gods; [ 38.88° N, 104.88° W]; 19 Aug. 1962; R.M. Bohartleg.; UCDC. – Idaho• 1 ♂; Ada Co., Boise; [ 43.62° N, 116.2° W]; 16 Aug. 1969; Carol Musgraveleg.; NMSU• 5 ♂♂; Idaho Falls, Ammon Sand Hills; [ 43.43° N, 111.91° W]; 28 Aug. 1935; H.S. Telfordleg.; UMSP. – Illinois• 1 ♂; Scott Co., Bluffs; [ 39.75° N, 90.54° W]; 29 Aug. 1951; A.T. McClayleg.; UCDC. – Iowa• 1 ♀; Vinton; [ 42.16° N, 92.02° W]; 23 Jun. 1922; Sandhouseleg.; USNM. – Kansas• 1 ♀; Decatur Co., 1 mi.E of Oberlin State Lake; [ 39.83° N, 100.46° W]; 27 Jun. 1963; N. Marstonleg.; AMNH• 1 ♂; Douglas Co., Lawrence; [ 38.97° N, 95.24° W]; 23 Sep. 1952; R.R. Snellingleg.; LACM• 1 ♂; Blue Rapids; [ 39.68° N, 96.66° W]; 2 Oct. 1917; Edna M. Stevensleg.; ex Ageratum altissima; AMNH. – Michigan• 1 ♀; Allegan Co., Trevor Nichol Res. Ctr.; 42.5993° N, 86.1575° W; 12–23 May 2016; J. Gibbsleg.; WRME• 1 ♀; Allegan Co., Trevor Nichol Res. Ctr.; 42.6° N, 86.155° W; 24–28 May 2015; J. Gibbsand Y. Nozoeleg.; WRME• 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 28 May–5 Jun. 2015; J. Gibbsand Y. Nozoeleg.; WRME• 1 ♂; same location as for preceding; 26 Aug.–17 Sep. 2016; Gibbsand Nozoeleg.; WRME• 1 ♀; Ingham Co., Harrison Mds. Pk.; 42.765° N, 84.494° W; 2 May 2015; Gibbsand Nozoeleg.; WRME• 5 ♂♂; Van Buren Co., 4 kmSE of Covert; 42.263° N, 86.229° W; 31 Jul. 2015; J. Gibbsleg.; WRME. – Minnesota• 1 ♀; Ramsey Co., Battle Creek Reg. Park; 44.9346° N, 93.0141° W; 289 ma.s.l.; 10 Jun. 2015; J. Gardnerleg.; ex Cornus sericea; UMSP• 1 ♀; Ramsey Co., Battle Creek Reg. Park; 44.9384° N, 92.9933° W; 295 ma.s.l.; 11 Aug. 2015; J. Gardnerleg.; UMSP• 1 ♀; Washington Co., Belwin Conservancy; 44.9444° N, 92.8169° W; 219 ma.s.l.; 9 Jun. 2015; E. Evansleg.; ex Zizea aurea; UMSP. – Missouri• 1 ♀; Boone Co., 12 mi.SW of Columbia; [ 38.83° N, 92.49° W]; 24 Apr. 1966; F.D. Parkerleg.; UCDC. – Montana• 1 ♀; Cascade Co., Cascade; [ 47.27° N, 111.7° W]; 24 Jun. 1954; R.C. Froeschnerleg.; MTEC• 1 ♀; Gallatin Co., Gallatin Grown; 45.7713° N, 111.2953° W; 30 Aug. 2013; C.M. Delphialeg.; ex Cucurbita; MTEC• 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 22 Aug. 2013; C.M. Delphialeg.; ex Helianthus; MTEC• 1 ♂; same location as for preceding; 11 Sep. 2013; C.M. Delphialeg.; ex Cucurbita; MTEC• 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 11 Sep. 2013; C.M. Delphialeg.; MTEC• 1 ♀; Gallatin Co.; 21 May 1953; Studentleg.; MTEC. – Nebraska• 1 ♂; 1 mi.E of Ravenna; [ 41.03° N, 98.89° W]; 24 Aug. 1958; Atyeoand Andresenleg.; UNSM• 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Franklin; [ 40.1° N, 98.95° W]; 10 Aug. 1960; W.F. Rappleg.; UNSM• 1 ♀; Lincoln; [ 40.81° N, 96.7° W]; 31 Jul. 1948; R.A. Larkinleg.; ex Medicago sativa; UNSM• 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 3 Jul. 1948; R.A. Larkinleg.; ex Medicago sativa; UNSM• 1 ♀; McCool; [ 40.74° N, 97.6° W]; 29 Aug. 1940; H.E. Millironleg.; UMSP• 2 ♂♂; Naponee; [ 40.08° N, 99.14° W]; 10 Aug. 1960; W.F. Rappleg.; UNSM. – South Dakota• 1 ♂; Vermillion; [ 42.78° N, 96.93° W]; 23 Sep. 1962; D. Johnsonleg.; BBSL. – Utah• 3 ♂♂; Utah Co., Provo; [ 40.23° N, 111.66° W]; 21 Aug. 1985; M. Khiderleg.; BBSL• 1 ♂; same location as for preceding; 4–11 Sep. 1985; BBSL• 1 ♂; Farmington; [ 40.98° N, 111.89° W]; Jun.year unknown; G.S. Bohartleg.; BBSL• 1 ♀; Harrisville; [ 41.28° N, 111.99° W]; 6 May 1935; G.F. Knowltonleg.; BBSL• 1 ♀; Mantua; 41.515308° N, 111.938108° W; 14 May 2019; M.-K. Williamsleg.; BBSL• 1 ♂; Morgan; [ 41.04° N, 111.68° W]; 30 Aug. 1943; G.F. Knowltonand P.E. Telfordleg.; BBSL• 1 ♀; Paradise; 41.550306° N, 111.829569° W; 12 May 2019; M-K. Williamsleg.; BBSL• 1 ♀; Paradise; [ 41.550306° N, 111.829569° W]; 11 May 2019; MKFWleg.; BBSL• 1 ♀; Providence; 41.694842° N, 111.826561° W; 14 May 2019; A. Andersonleg.; BBSL• 1 ♀; Salt Lake; [ 41° N, 113° W]; 19 Jul. 1951; L. Dale Hawsleg.; BBSL. – Washington• 1 ♀; Clark Co., Camas, 1641 NE Crown Lane; 45.591° N, 122.389° W; 62 ma.s.l.; 17 May 2012; T.J. Zavortinkleg.; ex Weigela; UCDC• 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Colfax; [ 46.88° N, 117.36° W]; 9 Jul. 1925; C.L. Foxleg.; CAS. – Wisconsin• 1 ♀; Wood Co.; 44.455° N, 90.0928° W; 1–5 Jun. 2010; H. Gainesleg.; WRME.
Description See Gibbs (2010)for a complete redescription, figures, additional floral records, and reference to biological literature. Range Throughout most of the United Statesand southern Canada, southwest to northern California and Texas ( Fig. 89). Floral records APIACEAE Lindl. ZiziaW.D.J. Koch: Z. aureaKoch• ASTERACEAE Giseke: Ageratum: A. altissima(L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. • Helianthus• BRASSICACEAE Burnett: LepidiumL. • CAPRIFOLIACEAE Juss. WeigelaThunb.• CORNACEAE Bercht. ex J. Presl. CornusL. C. sericeaL. • CUCURBITACEAE Juss. CitrullusSchrad. C. lanatus(Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai• CucurbitaL. • FABACEAE Juss. Medicago: M. sativaL. DNA barcodes Sixteen sequences available (BOLD process IDs: ASBEE076-08, BOWGF1435-10, DLII675-07, DLII688-07, DLII702-07, DLII1512-08, DLII1519-08, DIAL070-06, DIAL071-06, DIAL606-06, DIAL725-06, DIAL952-06, DIAL1253-08, DIAL1254-08, DIAL1255-08, LASNA058-08; BIN: BOLD:AAD0272). No unique fixed substitutions distinguish L. zephyrusfrom all other western redtailed L. ( Dialictus). Remarks Unlike other red-tailed L. ( Dialictus), it is only the male of L. zephyrusthat often has a red metasoma ( Batra 1966).
2986007667
[189,1390,1325,1352]
NHMUK
E. Doubleday
United States of America
30.38
St. John's Bluff
4824
-81.5
204
205
1
1
Florida
holotype
2986007906
2011-08-07
WRME
R. E. Wrigley
Canada
340
49.4
Manitoba
5567
-99.16
Carberry Sandhills
204
205
1
1
Manitoba
2986008598
[189,1236,1529,1557]
1937-04
BBSL
United States of America
37.78
Alameda
708
-122.28
204
205
1
1
California
2986008121
2000-07-13
UCMC
A. L. Hicks & Virginia Scott
United States of America
Douglas Co.
1951
39.332
Douglas Co.
55
-105.1804
204
205
6
6
Colorado
2986008709
1988-05-10
UCMC
U. Lanham & M. Weissman
United States of America
Mesa Co.
1737
39.101
Mesa Co.
70
-108.735
Colorado National Monument
204
205
1
1
Colorado
2986008936
1971-07-27
MTEC
J. W. Brewer
United States of America
Otero Co.
38.05
Rocky Ford
706
-103.72
204
205
1
1
Colorado
2986008259
2014-05
USNM
Irene Bleasdale
United States of America
40.02
Boulder
699
-105.27
204
205
1
1
Colorado
2986008277
[300,1395,1746,1773]
1962-08-19
UCDC
R. M. Bohart
United States of America
38.88
Garden of the Gods
703
-104.88
Garden
204
205
2
2
Colorado
2986008848
[213,1379,1782,1809]
1969-08-16
NMSU
Carol Musgrave
United States of America
Ada Co.
43.62
Boise
4059
-116.2
204
205
1
1
Idaho
2986008470
[189,1395,1818,1845]
1935-08-28
UMSP
H. S. Telford
United States of America
43.43
Idaho Falls
686
-111.91
Idaho Falls
204
205
5
5
Idaho
2986008816
[213,1371,1854,1881]
1951-08-29
UCDC
A. T. McClay
United States of America
Scott Co.
39.75
Bluffs
700
-90.54
204
205
1
1
Illinois
2986008497
[189,1184,1890,1917]
1922-06-23
USNM
Sandhouse
United States of America
42.16
Vinton
691
-92.02
204
205
1
1
Iowa
2986007311
1963-06-27
AMNH
N. Marston
United States of America
Decatur Co.
39.83
1 mi. E of Oberlin State Lake
700
-100.46
204
205
1
1
Kansas
2986007593
[301,1382,1962,1989]
1952-09-23
LACM
R. R. Snelling
United States of America
Douglas Co.
38.97
Lawrence
703
-95.24
204
205
1
1
Kansas
2986008049
1917-10-02
AMNH
Edna M. Stevens
United States of America
205
206
39.68
Blue Rapids
700
-96.66
204
205
1
1
Kansas
2986007573
2016-05-12
2016-05-23
2016-05-12
WRME
J. Gibbs
United States of America
Allegan Co.
42.5993
Trevor Nichol Res. Ctr.
6
-86.1575
205
206
1
1
Michigan
2986007866
2015-05-24
2015-05-28
2015-05-24
WRME
J. Gibbs & Y. Nozoe
United States of America
Allegan Co.
42.6
Trevor Nichol Res. Ctr.
5555
-86.155
205
206
1
1
Michigan
2986008059
2015-05-28
2015-06-05
2015-05-28
WRME
J. Gibbs & Y. Nozoe
United States of America
Allegan Co.
42.6
Trevor Nichol Res. Ctr.
5555
-86.155
205
206
1
1
Michigan
2986007853
2016-08-26
2016-09-17
2016-08-26
WRME
Gibbs & Nozoe
United States of America
Allegan Co.
42.6
Trevor Nichol Res. Ctr.
5555
-86.155
205
206
1
1
Michigan
2986007505
2015-05-02
WRME
Gibbs & Nozoe
United States of America
Ingham Co.
42.765
Harrison Mds. Pk.
68
-84.494
Harrison Mds. Pk.
205
206
1
1
Michigan
2986008307
2015-07-31
WRME
J. Gibbs
United States of America
Van Buren Co.
42.263
Van Buren Co.
69
-86.229
205
206
5
5
Michigan
2986008090
2015-06-10
UMSP
J. Gardner
United States of America
Ramsey Co.
289
44.9346
Battle Creek Reg. Park
6
-93.0141
205
206
1
1
Minnesota
2986008091
2015-08-11
UMSP
J. Gardner
United States of America
Ramsey Co.
295
44.9384
Battle Creek Reg. Park
6
-92.9933
205
206
1
1
Minnesota
2986008984
2015-06-09
UMSP
E. Evans
United States of America
Washington Co.
219
44.9444
Belwin Conservancy
6
-92.8169
205
206
1
1
Minnesota
2986007962
1966-04-24
UCDC
F. D. Parker
United States of America
Boone Co.
38.83
Boone Co.
703
-92.49
205
206
1
1
Missouri
2986007698
1954-06-24
MTEC
R. C. Froeschner
United States of America
Cascade Co.
47.27
Cascade
3810
-111.7
205
206
1
1
Montana
2986007571
2013-08-30
MTEC
C. M. Delphia
United States of America
Gallatin Co.
45.7713
Gallatin Grown
6
-111.2953
205
206
1
1
Montana
2986007714
2013-08-22
MTEC
C. M. Delphia
United States of America
Gallatin Co.
45.7713
Gallatin Grown
6
-111.2953
205
206
1
1
Montana
2986008861
2013-09-11
MTEC
C. M. Delphia
United States of America
Gallatin Co.
45.7713
Gallatin Grown
6
-111.2953
205
206
1
1
Montana
2986007528
2013-09-11
MTEC
C. M. Delphia
United States of America
Gallatin Co.
45.7713
Gallatin Grown
6
-111.2953
205
206
1
1
Montana
2986008413
[713,1370,841,868]
1953-05-21
MTEC
Student
United States of America
Gallatin Co.
Gallatin Co.
205
206
1
1
Montana
2986007752
1958-08-24
UNSM
Atyeo & Andresen
United States of America
41.03
Nebraska
695
-98.89
205
206
1
1
Nebraska
2986007753
[297,1218,912,940]
1960-08-10
UNSM
W. F. Rapp
United States of America
40.1
Franklin
5571
-98.95
205
206
2
1
1
Nebraska
2986008444
1948-07-31
UNSM
R. A. Larkin
United States of America
40.81
Lincoln
4240
-96.7
205
206
1
1
Nebraska
2986007456
1948-07-03
UNSM
R. A. Larkin
United States of America
40.81
Lincoln
4240
-96.7
205
206
1
1
Nebraska
2986008037
1940-08-29
UMSP
H. E. Milliron
United States of America
40.74
McCool
4245
-97.6
205
206
1
1
Nebraska
2986008218
1960-08-10
UNSM
W. F. Rapp
United States of America
40.08
Naponee
699
-99.14
205
206
2
2
Nebraska
2986008303
1962-09-23
BBSL
D. Johnson
United States of America
42.78
Vermillion
688
-96.93
205
206
1
1
South Dakota
2986008182
1985-08-21
BBSL
M. Khider
United States of America
Utah Co.
40.23
Provo
698
-111.66
205
206
3
3
Utah
2986007476
[441,1163,1129,1156]
1985-09-04
1985-09-11
1985-09-04
BBSL
M. Khider
United States of America
Utah Co.
40.23
Provo
698
-111.66
205
206
1
1
Utah
2986008691
BBSL
Jun. & G. S. Bohart
United States of America
40.98
Farmington
695
-111.89
205
206
1
1
Utah
2986007704
1935-05-06
BBSL
G. F. Knowlton
United States of America
41.28
Harrisville
694
-111.99
205
206
1
1
Utah
2986008838
2019-05-14
BBSL
M. - K. Williams
United States of America
41.51531
Mantua
1
-111.93811
205
206
1
1
Utah
2986008099
1943-08-30
BBSL
G. F. Knowlton & P. E. Telford
United States of America
41.04
Morgan
695
-111.68
205
206
1
1
Utah
2986008072
2019-05-12
BBSL
Williams
United States of America
41.550304
Paradise
1
-111.82957
205
206
1
1
Utah
2986007997
2019-05-11
MKFW, BBSL
United States of America
41.550304
Paradise
1
-111.82957
205
206
1
1
Utah
2986008290
[286,1323,1345,1372]
2019-05-14
BBSL
A. Anderson
United States of America
41.694843
Providence
1
-111.82656
205
206
1
1
Utah
2986008068
1951-07-19
BBSL
L. Dale Haws
United States of America
41.0
Salt Lake
23438
-113.0
205
206
1
1
Utah
2986008487
2012-05-17
UCDC
NE Crown Lane & T. J. Zavortink
United States of America
Clark Co.
62
45.591
Camas
67
-122.389
205
206
1
1
Washington
2986008529
[450,1370,1452,1480]
1925-07-09
CAS
C. L. Fox
United States of America
46.88
Colfax
672
-117.36
205
206
2
1
1
Washington
2986008225
[189,1285,1489,1516]
2010-06-01
2010-06-05
2010-06-01
WRME
H. Gaines
United States of America
Wood Co.
44.455
Wood Co.
55
-90.0928
205
206
1
1
Wisconsin