Two new species of Paraehlersia San Martín, 2003 (Polychaeta, Syllidae) from the Atlantic Coast of South America Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi Centurión, Romina Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos Martín, Guillermo San Zootaxa 2012 3264 38 52 75NX8 [151,450,1196,1222] Polychaeta Syllidae Paraehlersia Animalia Phyllodocida 8 46 Annelida species martapolae sp. nov.   Material examined. Brazil, State of Rio de Janeiro, offshore: 1 spec. ( MZUSP0 0 978, paratype3), coll. 2 Mar 1998, 21°51’S 40°07’W, 110 m; 1 spec. (ZUEC-POL 9696), coll. 2 Mar 1998, 22°02’S 40°05’W, 93 m; 1 spec. ( MZUSP00979), coll. 28 Feb 1998, 23°20’S 41°22’W, 110 m; 1 spec. (ZUEC-POL 9699), coll. 14 Feb 1998, 24°11’S 43°26’W,  330 m.State of São Paulo, offshore: 2 specs ( MNCN16.01/13610, paratype4; MZUSP0 1005, paratype5), coll. 11 Jan 1998, 24°07’S 44°42’W, 101 m; 10 specs ( MZUSP0 0 977, holotype; MZUSP0 1004, paratype1; MNCN16.01/13609, paratype2; ZUEC-POL 9697, paratype6; MZUSP00980), coll. 9 Jan 1998, 24°07’S 45°51’W,  147 m.State of Paraná, offshore: 1 spec. (ZUEC-POL 9700), coll. 17 Mar 1998, 28º40’S 47º25’W,  285 m.State of Santa Catarina, offshore: 1 spec. ( MZUSP00981), coll. 22 Mar 1998, 28º41’S 48º18’W, 104 m; 1 spec. (ZUEC-POL 9698), coll. 22 Mar 1998, 28º53’S 47º48’W,  225 m.   Typeseries.Data on each specimen of the typeseries are provided in Table 3.  Comparative material examined.  Paraehlersia weissmannioides( Augener, 1913). Australia, Western Australia, Shark Bay, Useless Inlet: 1 spec. ( ZMH V-7949, holotype) coll. Michaelsen, 26°08´S 113°21´E,  7 m.   Description. Holotype(MZUSP 00977) largest specimen, complete, with 65 chaetigers, 4.72 mm long, 0.23 mm wide (Table 3); body without colour patterns ( Fig. 4A); peristomium and chaetigers throughout with 1–2 tranverse rows of cilia dorsally extending to near bases of dorsal cirri ( Fig. 5A–B). Palps triangular, longer than prostomium ( Figs. 4A; 5A–C), occasionally with tips ventrally bent. Prostomium oval, 2 pairs of eyes in open trapezoidal arrangement and 1 pair of anterior eyespots ( Fig. 4A); median antenna inserted between posterior pair of eyes, almost twice as long as prostomium and palps together, with up to 20 articles distally; lateral antennae inserted in front of anterior pair of eyes, similar to median antenna but about two thirds as long, with up to 15 articles distally ( Figs. 4A; 5A–B). Nuchal organs as 1 pair of dorso-lateral ciliary bands posterior to insertion of median antenna ( Fig. 5A–B). Peristomium dorsally shorter than chaetigers, frequently covering nuchal organs ( Fig. 5A–B); dorsal peristomial cirri about as long as lateral antennae or slightly shorter, sometimes irregularly articulated distally; ventral peristomial cirri about two thirds length of dorsal peristomial cirri, usually smooth ( Fig. 4A). Dorsal cirri with nearly inconspicuous alternation in length along body, longer cirri approximately as long as body width, shorter cirri about two thirds to half length of longer cirri ( Fig. 4A). Antennae, peristomial and dorsal cirri with short cirrophores ( Fig. 5A–D); ovate to digitiform ventral cirri, shorter than parapodial lobes on anterior body ( Fig. 5C), progressively slightly longer, about as long as parapodial lobes from midbody ( Fig. 4A). Anterior parapodia with small, rounded subcirral papilla underneath each dorsal cirrus ( Fig. 5D); parapodial lobes conical ( Figs. 4A; 5A–B). Anterior parapodia with 2–4 spiniger-like chaetae and 10–15 falcigers each, 1–3 spiniger-like chaetae and 5–7 falcigers on midbody parapodia, 0–1 spiniger-like chaetae and 3–6 falcigers on each posterior parapodium (Table 3). Spiniger-like chaetae with thin shafts, progressively slightly thinner towards posterior body ( Figs. 4B–C; 6A); elongate, slender blades, bidentate with both teeth minute, subdistal tooth smaller than distal tooth, with short spines on margin ( Fig. 4B–C), 77–35 μm long on anterior body, 82–37 μm long on midbody, 75–22 μm long on posterior body, spiniger-like chaetae absent on last chaetigers (Table 3). Falcigers with subdistally slightly spinulated shafts, tips of shafts with slightly more sigmoid distal beaks towards posterior body; bidentate blades with subdistal tooth smaller than distal one on anterior body ( Fig. 4D), distal tooth progressively slightly smaller and subdistal tooth progressively stouter towards posterior body ( Figs. 4D–F; 6A–D); blades with short, thin spines on margin ( Figs. 4D–F; 6A–D); blades 32–12 μm long on anterior body, 17–7 μm long on midbody, 15–8 μm long on posterior body (Table 3). Dorsal simple chaetae present from midbody (Table 3), sigmoid, distally irregularly rounded, with short and coarse subdistal spines ( Figs. 4G; 6E). Ventral simple chaetae on posterior segments only (Table 3), sigmoid, bidentate with distal tooth smaller than subdistal one, with short subdistal spines ( Figs. 4H; 6F). Anterior parapodia with up to 2 aciculae each, subdistally bent at almost right angle, sometimes apparently flattened at top ( Fig. 4I); single acicula per parapodium from midbody, similar to anterior ones, but more conspicuously bent ( Fig. 4J). Pygidium with 2 long, thin anal cirri and conical median papilla. Pharynx through 9–12 segments (Table 3), with crown of 13 papillae surrounding its opening and conical central tooth close to anterior margin ( Fig. 4A; 5B–C); proventricle through 5–6.5 segments, with 21–24 muscle-cell rows ( Fig. 4A; Table 3).   Remarks.  Paraehlersia martapolae  sp. nov., is characterized by having dorsal simple chaetae distally irregularly rounded, with short and coarse subdistal spines, which does not occur in any other species of  Paraehlersia(Table 2).  Paraehlersia weissmannioides( Augener, 1913), from Australia, has relatively similar dorsal simple chaetae, but has compound and ventral simple chaetae with subdistal aristae extending beyond the level of subdistal tooth, as well as aciculae of three types: straight, distally rounded and with oblique tip ( San Martín & Hutchings 2006), instead of compound and ventral simple chaetae with progressively shorter marginal spines towards tip, without subdistal aristae, and aciculae subdistally bent almost at right angle as in  P. martapolae  sp. nov. The absence of dorsal simple chaetae in anterior fragments often difficults the identification of  Paraehlersiaspecies, and this is particularly true for the distinction between  P. longichaetosa  sp. nov., and  P. martapolae  sp. nov.In addition to the morphology of dorsal simple chaetae,  P. longichaetosa  sp. nov., and P. m a r ta p ol a e sp. nov., differ because the latter has blades of spiniger-like chaetae more distinctly bidentate ( Figs. 1B–D vs. 4B–C) and blades of anterior body falcigers with subdistal tooth smaller than distal tooth, sometimes resembling an enlarged spine ( Fig. 4D), aciculae apparently flattened at the top ( Fig. 4I–J), and longer pharynx and shorter proventricle. In contrast,  P. longichaetosa  sp. nov., has blades of anterior body falcigers with both teeth similar ( Figs. 1B; 3A, C); aciculae distally enlarged, sometimes apparently hollow ( Fig. 1G–I), and a shorter pharynx and longer proventricle (see Tables 1 and 3).   Etymology.This species is named after Dr MartaPola, colleague and friend of the last author in the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, well known specialist in nudibranchs.