Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species Zhang, Chun-Tian Shima, Hiroshi Liang, Hou-Can Li, He-Nan Zootaxa 2019 2019-05-08 4603 1 1 38 3BJT4 Zhang & Shima Zhang & Shima & Liang & Li 2019 [151,566,1375,1402] Insecta Tachinidae Estheria Animalia Diptera 6 7 Arthropoda species prostata sp. nov.  ( Figs 2, 14, 26, 38, 54, 66, 75, 79, 93, 108)   Diagnosis.Lower face with a developed nipple-like protrusion and lower margin of face distinctly protruding forward; prementum 6–8 times as long as wide; body with yellowish-gray pruinosity; 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin.   Description.Body length: 6.5–8.8 mm.  Male.Head covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity, frontal vitta dark brown; lunule, antennae and palpi dark brown, palpi reddish-brown at base, prementum gleaming black. Frons at narrowest point about as wide as anterior ocellus, less than 1/15 of head width, widened anteriorly; frontal vitta linear in median portion; fronto-orbital plate with 2 rows of black hairs; parafacialia bare, about twice as wide as first flagellomere; facial carina narrow and low; lower face with a developed nipple-like median protrusion; gena 0.6–0.7 times as high as eye height; lower margin of face distinctly protruding forward; 8–9 inclinate frontal setae as long as ocellar setae; facial ridge with 4–6 hair-like setae on lower 1/4; vibrissa inserted above lower margin of face; a row of subvibrissal setae; inner vertical seta about 0.3 of eye height, inner and outer vertical setae hair-like; upper occiput with a row of black setulae behind postocular setae. Antenna falling short of lower margin of face by more than length of antenna, first flagellomere 1.2–1.5 times as long as pedicel; arista including plumosity 2.0–2.5 times as wide as first flagellomere; palpus about as long as antenna; prementum 6–8 times as long as wide, 0.85–1.00 of eye height. Thorax black, covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity; dorsum with 4 longitudinal black vittae extending back to anterior half of postsutural scutum, narrower inner vitta about 1/3 width of pruinose portion between inner and outer vittae; scutellum dark brown with yellowish-gray pruinosity, sometimes with a dark median spot on base; pleura with yellowish-gray pruinosity; anterior and posterior spiracles brown to dark brown. Prosternum bare, 2.0–2.5 times as long as wide; proepisternum bare; 3 postpronotal setae arranged in a triangle, the middle one displaced anteriorly; 2 presutural and 3 postsutural acrostichal setae; 3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 2 postsutural intra-alar setae; 2 supra-alar setae; postalar callus with 2 setae; 3 katepisternal setae; posterior lappet of posterior spiracles circular; 3 pairs of scutellar marginal setae and 1 pair of scutellar discal setae. Winghyaline, brownish; tegula and basicosta dark brown; lower calypter brownish-yellow; halters yellow. Costal spine shorter than 1/2 length of crossvein r-m; 2nd costal sector bare ventrally; relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately 4:9:5; vein M from dM-Cu crossvein to bend about 1.1 times as long as distance between bend and wing margin, with or without a short appendage at bend which is slightly shorter than 1/2 length of crossvein r-m. Lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin. Legsblack, sometimes hind tibia reddish brown in median portion; pulvilli yellowish; fore tibia with a row of very short anterodorsal setae on basal 2/3 and 2 median posterior setae; fore claws slightly longer than 5th tarsomere; mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal and 2 posterodorsal setae, and usually with a short ventral seta; hind tibia with 2–3 anteroventral, 3–5 anterodorsal and 3 posterodorsal setae on basal 3/5, 1 apical anteroventral and 2 apical dorsal setae. Abdomen long-ovate, black, covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity, with a pair of small brown markings in median marginal area of tergites 3 and 4. Syntergite 1+2 medially excavated to posterior margin, with a pair of lateral marginal setae, without median marginal setae; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 1–3 lateral marginal setae and 2 median discal setae; tergite 4 with a row of marginal setae and 2 median discal setae; tergite 5 with a row of marginal setae and many irregular discal setae. Terminalia( Figs 2, 14, 26, 38). Posterior lobe of sternite 5 wide and slightly blunt at apex. Cerci short, separated and slightly bent backward, narrow and pointed in apical half; surstylus long and wide, slightly pointed and blunt at apex in caudal view; pregonite short and bent apically; postgonite about as long as basiphallus; disphallus long, membranous ventral surface with some spinules on upper half, sclerotized basal part about twice as long as membranous apical part; ejaculatory apodeme large, longer than 1/2 of aedeagal apodeme.  Female.As male, except as follows: frons about 1/3 of head width at narrowest point; frontal vitta about as wide as fronto-orbital plate; genal height 0.8–0.9 of eye height. Inner vertical seta stronger than ocellar seta, about twice as long as outer vertical seta; 5–7 inclinate frontal setae, upper one as long as ocellar setae; 2 proclinate strong orbital setae and 1 lateroclinate prevertical seta. Legs dark brown except for basal 2/3 of femora and median portion of tibiae reddish yellow; fore tibia with 3 anterodorsal setae; fore claws and pulvilli shorter than tarsomeres; mid tibia with 2 anteroventral and 2–4 anterodorsal setae, two of them short or absent; hind tibia with 2–4 anterodorsal, 2–4 posterodorsal and 2 ventral setae;. Abdomen ovate, with yellowish-gray pruinosity; tergite 3 with 0–1 discal setae; tergite 4 with a pair of discal setae; tergite 5 with a row of discal setae.   Type material.  HOLOTYPE ♂: China: Yunnan prov., Shangri-la[in Chinese] / Gezan[in Chinese] 3200 /  2010.VIII.18/ C.-T. Zhangcoll. [printed white label] // SYNU07798[printed white label] // Holotype [printed red label] // Estheria♂ / prostata / n. sp. [handwritten] / C.-T. Zhangdet. [in Chinese] 2010 / Zhang C.det. 2006 [printed] [white label] ( SYNU).   PARATYPES. China, Sichuan: 1 ♂, Kangding Xian, Xingdu Qiao,  3700 m,  22.viii.1993, H. Shimaleg. ( BLKU);  1 ♂, Xiaojin, Rilong town,  3300 m,  6.VIII.2005, H. Aoleg. ( SYNU);  1 ♂, Mianyang, Pingwu, Wanglang Nature Reserve, Qikeshu,  2653 m, N33.94° E104.14°,  23.VII.2016, H.-C. Liangleg. ( SYNU);  1 ♂, Mianyang, Pingwu, Wanglang Nature Reserve, Eastern Reserve Station,  2666–2732 m,  2.VIII.2017, H.-C. Liangleg. ( SYNU);  2 ♂♂, Kangding county, Laoyulinvillage–Mt. Zheduo, N29.94° E101.96°,  3132–3231 m,  10.VIII.2017, C.-T. Zhang& X.-Y. Lileg. ( SYNU);  2 ♂♂, Danba county, Maoniugu, N30.61° E101.69°,  2888 m,  11.VIII.2017, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li& H.-C. Liangleg. ( SYNU);  1 ♀, Xiaojin county, Jiajin Mountains, N30.91° E102.65°,  3084 m,  17.VIII.2017, C.-T. Zhang& X.-Y. Lileg. ( SYNU);  1 ♂, Luding county, Western Erlang Mountains,  1528–1600 m, N29°50'47 E102°13'0,  13.VIII.2018, C.-T. Zhangleg. ( SYNU);  3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Luding county, Niubei Mountains, N29°46'55 E102°18'20,  2000–2700 m,  14.VIII.2018, C.-T. Zhang& Y.-Z. Zhangleg. ( SYNU).  Tibet(= Xizang): 21 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Milin, Xuekagou,  2850–2900 m,  16–17.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang& X.-Y. Lileg. ( SYNU);  2 ♂♂, Linzhi, Bajiniangeferry,  2850–2950 m,  5.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhangleg. ( SYNU);  6 ♂♂, Linzhi Town,  3000–3400 m,  11–12.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li& P. Houleg. ( SYNU);  2 ♂♂, Linzhi, Bayi Town,  3000 m,  12.VIII.2013, Q. Wangleg. ( SYNU);  3 ♂♂, Milin, Paizhen- Médoghighway,  3321 m,  7.viii.2015, J. Yaoleg. ( IZCAS).  Yunnan: 18 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Nujiang, Laowo,  2000–2400 m,  4–5.IX.1996, H. Shimaleg. ( BLKU);  2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Lushui, Yaojiaping,  2400–2600 m,  1–2.IX.1996, W.-X. Zhang& H. Shimaleg. ( BLKU);  2 ♂♂, Baoshan, Dagaoping,  1900–2400 m,  7–9.IX.1996, W.-X. Zhang& H. Shimaleg. ( BLKU);  2 ♂♂, same data as holotype ( SYNU).  Nepal: 1 ♂, Bagmati, Mt. Pulchoki,  2760 m,  30.IX.1990, H. Kurahashileg. ( BLKU).   Etymology.The specific epithet refers to a diagnostic character of this species, the nipple-like median protrusion on the lower portion of the face, and derives from the Greek noun prosthec(= attachment).   Distribution. China( Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), Nepal.   Remarks.This species is easily distinguished from the other species of this genus in having linear frons, a developed nipple-like median protrusion on lower face, long prementum and lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin. 2242324027 2010-08-18 SYNU C. - T. Zhang China C. - T. Zhang & Zhang C. Gezan Shangri-la 7 8 SYNU07798 1 1 Yunnan prov. holotype 2242324019 1993-08-22 BLKU Kangding Xian & H. Shima China 3700 Xingdu Qiao 7 8 1 1 Sichuan paratype 2242324014 [260,1027,1591,1616] 2005-08-06 SYNU H. Ao China 3300 Rilong town Xiaojin 7 8 1 1 paratype 2242324011 2016-07-23 SYNU H. - C. Liang China Mianyang 2653 33.94 Qikeshu 721 104.14 Wanglang Nature Reserve 7 8 1 1 paratype 2242324020 2017-08-02 SYNU H. - C. Liang China Mianyang 2699 Eastern Reserve Station Wanglang Nature Reserve 7 8 1 1 paratype 2242324023 2017-08-10 SYNU C. - T. Zhang & X. - Y. Li China Kangding county 3182 29.94 Zheduo 734 101.96 Laoyulin 7 8 2 2 paratype 2242324028 2017-08-11 SYNU C. - T. Zhang & X. - Y. Li & H. - C. Liang China 2888 30.61 Maoniugu 732 101.69 Danba county 7 8 2 2 paratype 2242324015 2017-08-17 SYNU C. - T. Zhang & X. - Y. Li China 3084 30.91 Jiajin Mountains 731 102.65 Xiaojin county 7 8 1 1 paratype 2242324030 2018-08-13 SYNU C. - T. Zhang China 1564 29.84639 Western Erlang Mountains 15 102.216705 Luding county 7 8 1 1 paratype 2242324013 2018-08-14 SYNU C. - T. Zhang & Y. - Z. Zhang China 0 29.781944 Niubei Mountains 15 102.30561 Luding county 7 8 4 1 3 paratype 2242324012 2013-08-16 2013-08-17 2013-08-16 SYNU C. - T. Zhang & X. - Y. Li China 2875 Xuekagou Milin 7 8 23 2 21 Tibet paratype 2242324024 2013-08-05 SYNU C. - T. Zhang China 2900 Bajiniange Linzhi 7 8 2 2 paratype 2242324017 2013-08-11 2013-08-12 2013-08-11 SYNU C. - T. Zhang & X. - Y. Li & P. Hou China 3200 Linzhi Town 7 8 6 6 paratype 2242324016 2013-08-12 SYNU Q. Wang China 3000 8 9 Bayi Town Linzhi 7 8 2 2 paratype 2242324025 [415,1332,151,176] 2015-08-07 IZCAS J. Yao China 3321 Milin 8 9 3 3 paratype 2242324021 1996-09-04 1996-09-05 1996-09-04 BLKU H. Shima China 2200 Laowo Nujiang 8 9 21 3 18 Yunnan paratype 2242324022 1996-09-01 1996-09-02 1996-09-01 BLKU W. - X. Zhang & H. Shima China 2500 Yaojiaping Lushui 8 9 3 1 2 paratype 2242324018 1996-09-07 1996-09-09 1996-09-07 BLKU W. - X. Zhang & H. Shima China 2150 Dagaoping Baoshan 8 9 2 2 paratype 2242324034 [924,1351,260,285] 2010-08-18 SYNU C. - T. Zhang China T. Zhang & Zhang C. Gezan Shangri-la 8 9 2 2 Yunnan paratype 2242324029 1990-09-30 BLKU H. Kurahashi Nepal 2760 Mt. Pulchoki 8 9 1 1 Bagmati paratype