Noctiliostrebla dubia : Dick & Gettinger (2005 Noctiliostrebla aitkeni : Graciolli & Carvalho (2001: 929–930; part, catalog, misidentification) Revision of Noctiliostrebla (Diptera: Streblidae), parasites of bulldog bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae: Noctilio) Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa Graciolli, Gustavo Nihei, Silvio S. Zootaxa 2019 2019-02-26 4560 3 483 521 Alcantara & Graciolli & Nihei, 2019 Alcantara & Graciolli & Nihei 2019 [151,453,1087,1113] Insecta Streblidae Noctiliostrebla GBIF Animalia Diptera 22 505 Arthropoda species falsispina sp. nov.  ( Figs 10, 16C)    Noctiliostrebla dubia: Dick & Gettinger (2005: 1019; part, survey, misidentification); Presley (2007: 409–417; part, hostparasite relationship, misidentification); Presley (2011: 835; tab. 1; part, misidentification); Presley (2012: 5–6; tabs 1–2; part, misidentification).   Noctiliostrebla aitkeni: Graciolli & Carvalho (2001: 929–930; part, catalog, misidentification); Moura et al.(2003: 811–815; part, host-parasite relationship, misidentification); Prevedello et al.(2005: 197, 202, 209; tab. 1; part, survey records, richness matrix, misidentification).   Diagnosis.  Noctiliostrebla falsispina  sp. n.is very similar to  N. dubiaand can be distinguished from it only by the presence of a thorn-like membranous projection on the dorsal margin of the aedeagus.   Description.Measurements (mm, n=19, 10 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀). HFL: ♂0.49 (0.45–0.52), ♀0.56 (0.55–0.58); SL: ♂0.49 (0.46–0.52), ♀0.51 (0.44–0.54); TL: ♂0.47 (0.45–0.51), ♀0.49 (0.47–0.51); WL: ♂0.32 (0.28–0.39), ♀0.31 (0.29–0.35); WW: ♂0.19 (0.16–0.22), ♀0.19 (0.17–0.20). Thorax. Similar to  N. dubia, except in the following structures: scutellum of female with setae half as long as setae on scutum; mesepimeron with 1–2 setae on each side. Female abdomen ( Fig. 10A–C). Similar to  N. dubia, except syntergite I+II ( Fig. 10A) with 20–36 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Male abdomen ( Fig. 10D–H). Similar to  N. dubia, except in the following structures: syntergite I+II with 32– 44 setae on each plate of lateral lobe. Genitalia ( Fig. 10F–H) with dorsal margin of aedeagus with a thorn-like membranous projection and without a sclerotized thorn.   Distribution. Brazil( Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná), Paraguay( Fig. 16C).     Typelocality. Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Fazenda Querência.   Host.  Noctilio leporinus.   Type material.  HOLOTYPE ♂: Brazil: “ HOLOTYPE ♂/  Noctiliostrebla falsispina/ Alcantara, Nihei & Graciolli”, “MZSP / Host.  N. leporinusLinnaeus/ Brazil, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Fazenda Querência/ 19 o23’20.9”S, 55 o33’28”W/  13.iii.2013/ L.F.A.C. Carvalholeg. / ∆ 11 N.dubia” on slide ( MZSP).  PARATYPES( 14 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀): Brazil:  1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype ( MZSP);  1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, same data as holotype ( ZUFMS);  2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, riparian forest,  18.v.1999, Missirianleg., on  N. leporinus( DZUP);  3 ♂♂, state of Paraná, Londrina, igapó vegetation,  22.xi., Limaleg., on  N. leporinus( DZUP).  Paraguay: 1 ♂, Concepción, Estancía Cerrito,  120m, 23°15.64’S, 57°30.32’W,  25.xi.1995, R. D. Owen& M.R. Willigleg., on  N. leporinus( FMNH);  3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data as previous except 23°13.35’S, 57°31.61’W,  29.xi.1995, ( FMNH);  3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Presidente Hayes, Estancía La Victoria,  120m, 23°39.03’S, 58°34.79’W,  27.vii.1995, R. D. Owen& M.R. Willigleg., on  N. leporinus( FMNH).   Etymology.The specific epithet is formed of the Latin words “ falsus” and “ spina”, meaning false thorn, in references to the thorn-like membranous projection on the dorsal margin of the aedeagus.   Remarks.We identified specimens of  N. falsispina  sp. n., along with specimens of  N. lamasi  sp. n., in the material misidentified as  N. dubiaand  N. aitkeniby Graciolli & Carvalho (2001), Prevedello et al.(2005), Dick & Gettinger (2005)and Presley (2007, 2011, 2012). These specimens were included in the typeseries. 2234219795 [199,1054,1882,1907] Brazil Fazenda Querencia Aquidauana 22 505 1 Mato Grosso do Sul holotype 2234219760 2013-03-13 MZSP L. F. A. C. Carvalho Brazil Alcantara 23 506 -19.38914 Fazenda Querencia 14 -55.557777 Aquidauana 22 505 13 2 Mato Grosso do Sul holotype 2234219734 [151,568,190,215] Brazil Brazil 23 506 20 6 14 paratype 2234219711 [583,1044,190,215] 2013-03-13 MZSP L. F. A. C. Carvalho Brazil Alcantara -19.38914 Fazenda Querencia 14 -55.557777 Aquidauana 23 506 2 1 1 Mato Grosso do Sul paratype 2234219790 2013-03-13 ZUFMS L. F. A. C. Carvalho Brazil Alcantara -19.38914 Fazenda Querencia 14 -55.557777 Aquidauana 23 506 3 2 1 Mato Grosso do Sul paratype 2234219722 1999-05-18 DZUP Missirian Brazil Corumba 23 506 3 1 2 Mato Grosso do Sul paratype 2234219793 [372,1433,262,287] 22. xi. DZUP Lima Brazil Londrina 23 506 3 3 Parana paratype 2234219745 1995-11-25 FMNH D. Owen & M. R. Willig Paraguay 120 -23.260666 Estancia Cerrito 12 -57.505333 23 506 1 1 Concepcion paratype 2234219772 1995-11-29 FMNH D. Owen & M. R. Willig Paraguay 120 -23.2225 Estancia Cerrito 12 -57.526833 23 506 4 1 3 Concepcion paratype 2234219796 1995-07-27 FMNH D. Owen & M. R. Willig Paraguay 120 -23.6505 Estancia La Victoria 12 -58.579834 23 506 4 1 3 Presidente Hayes paratype