Kalyptorhynchia (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) from KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), with the description of six new species Willems, Wim R. Reygel, Patrick Steenkiste, Niels Van Tessens, Bart Artois, Tom J. Zootaxa 2017 4242 3 441 466 Willems & Artois Willems & Artois [151,704,151,178] Rhabditophora Polycystididae Lagenopolycystis Animalia Rhabdocoela 13 454 Platyhelminthes species mandelai sp. nov.    Lagenopolycystis  n. sp. 2 in Tessens et al.(2014)   Locality.iSimangaliso Wetland Park, Sodwana Bay, Jesser Point(lighthouse) ( 27°32'28.4"S, 32°40'47.9"E), coarse-grained sand from swirl holes on rocky plateau in mid-eulittoral, covered with the acoel  Symsagittifera macnaei( Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1957) Kostenko & Mamkaev, 1990from a highly-exposed, steep beach,  December 10, 2009( typelocality); same locality, fine-grained sand from swirl holes on rocky plateau in mideulittoral, covered with the acoel  S. macnaei,  December 10, 2009.   Material.Two animals studied alive. One whole mount, designated holotype (SMNH, type-8858).   Etymology.Species name in honour of Nelson Mandela ( 1918–2013), famous anti-apartheid activist, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (1993, together with Frederik Willem de Klerk) and former president of  SouthAfrica( 1994– 1999).   Diagnosis.Species of  Lagenopolycystiswith ± 115-µm-long prostate stylet typeIII, with proximal funnel-like part and distal tubular part, which is bent perpendicularly at 2/3 and has a blunt, club-shaped end. Slightly bent, needle-shaped accessory stylet typeII ± 65 µm long and attached to prostate stylet typeIII.   Description.Habitus and internal organisation similar to that of  Lagenopolycystis peresi( Brunet, 1965) Artois & Schockaert, 2000. In live animals, the proboscis is approximately 1/4 of the total body length, although appearing slightly shorter in Fig. 5C because of stretching of the observed individual. Animal colourless, ± 0.9 mmlong (measured on whole mount), with two eyes. The prostate stylet typeIII ( Fig. 5C–D: pst3) is 115 µm long and rather complex. Proximally it is funnelshaped, 30 µm wide, with a thickened rim on one side. This rim shows a subtle striation and ends in a rounded knob. Following the funnel-shaped part, the stylet is straight, but bends perpendicularly at 2/3 of its length. It ends in a blunt, club-shaped part. The accessory stylet typeII ( Fig. 5C–D: ast2) is attached to the thickened rim of the prostate stylet through a narrow bridge that ends in a comma-shaped part, which constitutes the proximal rim of the accessory stylet proper. The accessory stylet curves away from the club-shaped end of the prostate stylet. It is hook shaped and 65 µm long. A rather large, globular accessory vesicle typeII opens close to the accessory stylet. The prostate vesicle typeIII can barely be seen on the whole mount as it is very small and probably (partly) obscured by the prostate stylet. The female duct receives the oviduct and a large female bursa. A seminal receptacle could not be observed.   Discussion.Although some diagnostic features could not be observed (e.g. parallel cone retractors, 4+1 retractor system, seminal receptacle),  L. mandelai  n. sp.fits the diagnosis of the taxon Typhlopolycystidinae Evdonin, 1977(see Artois & Schockaert 2000). In addition, the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Tessens et al.(2014)shows that this species belongs to the monophyletic taxon  Lagenopolycystis Artois & Schockaert, 2000. Within Typhlopolycystidinae, only representatives of  Lagenopolycystisand  Typhlopolycystis Karling, 1956have both a prostate stylet typeIII and an accessory stylet typeII, whereas species of  Myobulla Artois & Schockaert, 2000and  Sabulirhynchus Artois & Schockaert, 2000possess a prostate stylet typeIII, and species of  Limipolycystis Schilke, 1970and  BrunetorhynchusSchockaert et al., 2014have an accessory stylet typeII (see Artois & Schockaert 2003; Artois et al.2012; Schockaert et al.2014). Furthermore, species of  Typhlopolycystisand  Limipolycystisare characterised by the presence of a pear-shaped seminal receptacle ( Karling 1956, 1978; Brunet 1965; Schockaert & Karling 1975; Noldt & Reise 1987; Artois & Schockaert 2005). According to Brunet (1965), a seminal receptacle is absent in  L. peresi, but both the description and figures show a strong sphincter on the bursal stalk. Detailed study of sectioned material of  L. peresishows a short, blind-ending, sclerotized tube that is distally surrounded by strong circular muscles ( Artois & Schockaert 2000: p. 157). This structure is found exactly at the location of the seminal receptacle in species of  Typhlopolycystisand therefore both structures were considered to be homologous by Artois & Schockaert (2005: p. 115). A similar structure is also found in other undescribed representatives of  Lagenopolycystis(own unpublished data). However, since no sectioned material is available for  L. mandelai  n. sp., the presence of a seminal receptacle cannot be confirmed. The overall construction of the hard parts (pst3 + ast2) of the new species is similar to that of  L. peresi, albeit with some obvious differences. In both species the prostate stylet typeIII has a clear, funnel-like part proximally, with the accessory stylet attached to it at the transition to a more or less tubular part. However, the prostate stylet of  L. peresionly bends slightly distally, while in L. mandelai  n. sp.it bends perpendicularly. Furthermore, the prostate stylet of  L. mandelai  n. sp.is approximately twice the size of that of  L. peresi( Brunet 1965: 53–69 µm). The accessory stylets of both species are highly similar, but clearly shorter in  L. peresi(40–43 µm, measured on drawings of Brunet 1965). 1439511214 2009-12-10 -27.541222 Jesser Point 1 32.679974 Wetland Park 13 454 1 Bay holotype 1439511208 2009-12-10 -27.541222 Jesser Point 1 32.679974 Wetland Park 13 454 1 Bay holotype