Gobius vagina Bloch and Schneider, 1801 Gobioides ruber Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822 Trypauchen vagina A revision of the gobiid fish genus Trypauchen (Gobiidae: Amblyopinae). Edward O. Murdy Zootaxa 2006 1343 55 68 59FKR Gobiidae Trypauchen CoL Animalia Perciformes 61 Chordata species vagina  (Figs.1-5, Tables 1-2)   Gobius vagina Bloch and Schneider, 1801: 73 ( type locality, Tranquebar, India).  Gobioides ruber Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822: 38, 365 ( type locality, Ganges River, India).  Trypauchen vagina: Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837: 152 ( new combination).  Material examined. (Total of 33 specimens, 69.0-170.0 mm SL).  Kuwait: BPBM33186, 2:80.3-94.2, 29°N, 48°25' E, 15-20 m, collected by James M. Bishop aboard the R/V Bahith, 20 Aug 1985.  India: AMSI.27225-001, 1:115.3, 19 Mar 1968. Bombay (Mumbai): AMSI.43479-001 (cleared & stained), 1:77.0; Bombay Harbor, collected by Ron Baird, 1967;  USNM337796, 1:122.1, Bombay Harbor, collected by Ron Baird, 1967;  USNM342640 (cleared & stained), 1:104.4, Bombay Harbor, collected by Ron Baird, 1967. Cochin: BPBM27544, 5:104.5-162.1, obtained from local fish catch (trawled) near Cochin landing dock, collected by John E. Randall, 1 Feb 1980. Tranquebar: ZMB2127, holotype of Gobius vagina Bloch and Schneider, 154.0. Calcutta: AMS B.7988, 1:170.0, 22°30’N, 88°20’E, collected by Francis Day.  Myanmar: Kuala Bernam, Bernam River estuary, AMSI.28984-046, 1:114.8, 03°47’N, 100°55’E, collected by D.G. Stead, 23 Feb 1922.  Thailand: Songkhla Lake: UMMZ233638, 2:136.0-143.6, Dec 1964. Samut Prakan, mouth of Chao Phraya River, USNM103351, 1:137.9. Chanthaburi estuary: USNM103350, 1:144.7. Bangpakong River: USNM109695, 1:88.3, collected by H.M. Smith, 27 June 1933.  Vietnam: Mekong Drainage, mouth of Song Cua Dai, UMMZ241627, 5: 69.0-162.0, 10°13’N, 106°15’E, collected by local fishermen for Walter J. Rainboth, April, 1999. Kien Giang, Mekong Delta: UMMZ238875, 1:147.8, 10°23’N, 104°29’E, purchased at Ha Tien market by Walter J. Rainboth, 28 Mar 1999. Vung Tai: USNM304795, 1:155.2, 10°21’N, 107°15’E, purchased at fish market by D.P. DeSylva, 19 Jan 1973.  Philippines: East coast of Luzon: USNM151241, 1:109.7.  China: Guangdong Sheng, Shantou: AMSI.38176-001, 1:131.1, 5 Mar 1954. Foochow: USNM086958, 3:102.0-119.1, collected by A.C. Sowerby, Sept-Nov 1923. Xiamen: AMSI.28094-016, 2:117.5-141.8, fish market purchase, 13 Oct 1988.  Description. As for genus except as follows. Total elements in dorsal fin 50-58 (mean = 55.2); total elements in anal fin 43-50 (mean = 46.6); pectoral-fin rays 15-20 (mean = 17.7); anal-fin pterygiophores preceding the first hemal spine 3-4 (mean = 3.9); caudal vertebral count 23-24 (mean = 23.9). The following subset of morphometric measures from Table 2 is useful in describing T. vaginaand differentiating T. vaginafrom T. pelaeos: SL/total length 0.815-0.938 (mean = 0.855); head length/SL 0.161-0.179 (mean = 0.169); predorsal length/SL 0.188-0.218 (mean = 0.202); prepelvic length/SL 0.157-0.175 (mean = 0.165); preanal length/SL 0.308-0.362 (mean = 0.345). Four to 16 teeth (mean = 7.9) on outer row of upper jaw; 8-13 teeth (mean = 10.6) on outer row of lower jaw. Longitudinal scale rows 69-98 (mean = 82.4). Color when fresh. No fresh specimens were available. A photograph of a freshly dead T. vaginafrom Cochin, India (photographed by John E. Randall) is reproduced as Fig. 3 and a specimen from Vietnam (photographed by Walter Rainboth) is reproduced as Fig. 4. The specimen from India (BPBM 27544, Fig. 3) is reddish pink on the head and body, but not uniformly. The cheek is bright red as is the dorsum anteriorly. The prepeduncular area is similarly bright red. Ventral to the pectoral-fin base is dusky. All fins are translucent. The specimen from Vietnam (UMMZ 238875, Fig. 4) is almost uniformly pinkish except for a reddish band anterior to the operculum and a reddish blotch dorsal to the pectoral fin. All fins are translucent. As described by Hamilton-Buchanan (1822), Gobioides ruber(= Trypauchen vagina) was a dirty red color. Bleeker (1860) described the body color as rosy red and the fins as transparent with a rosy tinge. According to Day (1878), T. vaginais white with a rosy tinge, much brighter during some seasons than at others with the distal margins of the median fins gray and the caudal, pectoral, and pelvic fins white, or tinged with yellow. Smith (1945) stated that his specimens were pinky white with minute black eyes. The photograph of a presumably freshly dead of T. vaginain Chen and Fang (1999) depicts a mostly blood-red head and body with black-edged fins and a solid black caudal fin. A photograph of T. vaginafrom Singapore in Larson and Lim (2005) has a reddish-orange body with the anterior part of the head and the caudal peduncular region tannish white with translucent fins. Color in alcohol. Head and body uniformly tannish brown with translucent fins. Herre (1927) stated that preserved specimens of T. vaginawere pinkish brown to gray or bluish brown, the head often paler, the fins yellowish or whitish.  Ecology. Rainboth (1996) reported that in the Cambodian Mekong, T. vaginadoes not venture far from its burrow and preys on small crustaceans. Chen and Fang (1999) stated that T. vaginainhabits burrows in estuarine and coastal areas including river mouths and is an omnivorous benthic feeder. During storm seasons when salinity fluctuates greatly, T. vaginacan be locally abundant in estuaries (Chen and Fang, 1999).  Distribution. Kuwait, east and west coasts of India, Myanmar, Thailand, Singapore (Larson and Lim, 2005), Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan (Chen and Fang, 1999), and China. Specimens of this species have not been examined from Singapore or Taiwan. Because T. vaginais found in burrows in silty mud habitats, it is difficult to collect, which may help explain its relative paucity in museum collections.  Remarks. The holotype (ZMB 2127) of Trypauchen vagina Bloch and Schneider (1801)could not be loaned for this study; however, a radiograph was examined. In addition, the notes and drawings of Helen K. Larson, who did examine the holotype, were made available. Based on the original description, H. K. Larson’s notes and drawings, and data gleaned from the radiograph (PF=3-1221, AP=4, total dorsal-fin elements 56, total anal-fin elements 47, vertebrae 10+23), the status of this specimen is not in doubt. (The original description mistakenly lists the number of anal-fin rays as 44.) As no types are known for Gobioides ruber Hamilton-Buchanan (1822), the synonymy is based on the original description. As described by Hamilton-Buchanan, the count for the dorsal fin of Gobioides ruberis 55 and the anal-fin ray count is 52; the former is close to the mean for this species (55.2) and the latter is two higher than for any specimen examined. This synonymy was first proposed by Bleeker (1860). 923904619 India 923904620 India 923904618 Kuwait 923904621 India 923904632 India 923904623 India 923904626 India 923904622 India 923904635 India 923904633 Myanmar 923904625 Thailand 923904634 Thailand 923904624 Thailand 923904627 Thailand 923904631 Vietnam 923904629 Vietnam 923904636 Vietnam 923904628 Philippines 923904638 China Guangdong Sheng 923904637 China 923904630 China