Brachysandalus Helluo Stål, 1867: 260
Pirates helluo
Walker (1873: 126)
Pirates ( Brachysandalus ) Helluo
Stål (1874: 60)
Brachysandalus helluo
Peirates helluo
Cassis & Gross (1995: 342)
Revision of Australian Brachysandalus with the description of nine new species including one cavernicolous species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae), and observations on male extragenital structure and leg teratology
Liu, Yingqi
Cai, Wanzhi
Zootaxa
2024
2024-08-01
5490
1
1
112
MZHD
Stal, 1867
Stal
1867
[151,561,293,321]
Insecta
Reduviidae
Brachysandalus
Animalia
Hemiptera
52
53
Arthropoda
species
helluo
( Figs. 26, 27)
Brachysandalus Helluo Stål, 1867: 260. Typelocality: Australia(Melbourne). Pirates helluo: Walker (1873: 126). Pirates( Brachysandalus) Helluo: Stål (1874: 60). Brachysandalus helluo: Maldonado Capriles (1990: 346). Peirates helluo: Cassis & Gross (1995: 342).
Type specimen examined. Lectotype(present designation), macropterous female, Typus, Melbourne, Stevens., helluo, NHRS-GULI000000124 ( NHRS). Other specimens examined.[all macropterous]. QUEENSLAND. 1 male, 24 07S 143 11E, Noonbah Homestead, iv.1991– iii.1992, A. Emmott ( QM). NEW SOUTH WALES. 1 female, Caldwell, 27.ii.1952, V. Robb( MV), 5 males(1 dissected), 1 female, same except 5. x.1952( MV); 1 male, Moorna Station, 50 kmW Mildura( MV); 2 males, Trangie station, 8–9.iv.1977( ANIC). VICTORIA. 1 male(dissected), Wimmera. Xii.12, L. Kelly, pres. By Dr A.E. Shau( MV); 1 male, 1 female, Hattah, Mallee, 1913 ( MV); 2 males, Mallee dist.( MV); 1 male, Colac, 1.xii.1964, Dr G. Brown( MV); 1 female, St Albans, 27.vii.22, J.E. Dixon Coll. Don. Jan. 1940( MV), 1 male, same except 15.vi.1923( MV), 1 female, same except no date ( MV); 1 male, Coburg, 8.vii.20, Pres./8/23, J.E. Dixon( MV), 1 male, same except 5.viii.21, J.E. Dixon Coll. Don. Jan. 1940( MV); 2 females, Melbourne, F.E. Wilson, 25.ix.1927( MV); 1 male, Camberwell, 5.x.1968, I. Faithfull( VAIC); 4 males, Dooen, 6.x.1990( VAIC), 1 male, same except light trap, 27.xii.1990, I.G. Faithfull( VAIC); 1 male, Bairnsdale, x.1993, under grass ( VAIC); 1 male, S. Gippsland, H.W. Davey, Pres.J.E. Dixon/8/23 ( MV); 2 females, Victoria, Presby J.E. Dixon/5/1923 ( MV), 2 females, same except Presby J.E. Dixon, viii. 1923( MV). SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 1 male, 34 03S 14 43E, CalperumHS, 15 kmNNW Renmark, 10–13.x.1995, at light, H. Sutrisno& K.R. Pullen( ANIC), 1 male, same except 14.xii.1995, K.R. Pullen( ANIC); 1 male, Etadunna, ix.1971– ix.1972, B. & C. Oldfield( WAM), 1 male, same except 3.x.1972, M. Archer& K. Oldfield( WAM); 1 female, Stirtons Old Campsite, Etadunna Stationvia Marrie, M..& E. Archer( WAM); 1 female, Kangaroo Is., 19.viii.1950, C. Oke( MV). NORTHERN TERRITORY. 2 males, 1 female, Oenpelli, D.P. Cahill12.18 ( MV); 1 male, Wave Hill Stn, Victoria River, 7/ 15. i. 1962, J.R. Tonkinson( WAM); 1 male, Kildork, 16. i.1969, D. Durack( WAM); 1 male, Tennant Ck, National Museum( MV); 1 male, 15 58S 136.21E, 12 kmNNE of Borroloola, 1.xi.1975, M.S. Upton( ANIC). WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 1 male, 17 23S 124 44E, Lennard RiverXing, Gibb River Road, Kimberley, at MV light, 1.iv.1988, T. Houston879-4 ( WAM).
Diagnosis. Macropterous male and female known, body large sized. Blackish brown to black ( Fig. 26), hemelytron with a yellow, oval spot involving apical 1/2 of clavus and adjoining area of corium between veins Pcu+1A and Cu ( Fig. 26A). Fore femur armed below with two irregular rows of tubercles, outer tubercles large and conical, inner ones minute, ventral surface of mid femur densely covered with short blackish brown bristly setae ( Fig. 26B&C); fore tibia with fossula spongiosa occupying about 2/5 tibial length, mid tibia with fossula spongiosa slightly more than 1/3 its length ( Fig. 26B&C); in male, left side of abdominal sternite VII with a long, upturned, spine-like extragenital process, apical part slightly curved ( Figs. 55D, 56D); male genitalia with median pygophore process long, straight, venter strongly ridged in caudal view ( Fig. 27B), and spatulate, apex less acutely pointed, blade of process near base slightly constricted in lateral view ( Fig. 27C); inner margin of lateral phallothecal sclerite corrugated except a slightly protruding round process at lower angle ( Fig. 27I).
Redescription. Macropterous male and female( Fig. 26) Colouration( Fig. 26): Blackish brown to black. Dorsal surface of head, pronotum and scutellum black; apical three antennal segments dark brown; legs dark brown except tarsi paler; hemelytron brown, with a yellow, oval spot involving apical 1/2 of clavus and adjoining area of corium between veins Pcu+1A and Cu, membrane pale brown, with a yellowish white, thin, curved stripe near base of costal margin. FIGURE 26. Brachysandalus helluoStål, 1866, lectotype, macropterous female, habitus. A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. Scale bar = 5.00 mm. Structure( Figs. 26, 27): Body large sized. Antenna, head, pronotum, coxal cavities and thoracic sterna covered with yellowish white, short pubescence; legs covered with yellowish brown to dark brown, suberect setae of varying lengths, ventral surface of mid femur also with blackish brown, short bristles; abdominal sternites sparsely coved with yellow, procumbent, long hairs. FIGURE 27. Brachysandalus helluoStål, 1866, male genitalia. A–C, pygophore; D, left paramere; E, right paramere; F–I, phallus. A, G, ventral view; B, caudal view; C, H, I, lateral view; D, E, outer ventrolateral view; F, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bp, basal plate; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallothecal sclerite; lps, lateral phallothecal sclerite; mpp, median pygophore process; ped, pedicel; st, struts. Scale bar = 1.00 mm (for A–C); 0.80 mm (for D–I). Head: Anteocular region elongate triangular, clypeus near its base slightly elevated and knobbed above mandibular plates. Interocular region with arcuate convex sulcus at posterior border of eyes, a small pit near base. Postocular region almost rounded to neck. Neck with lateral tubercles small. Antennae with all segments covered with short brown pilosity and sparse longer setae; scape thickest, pedicel thinner, then basi- and distiflagellum thinnest. Eyes large, reniform, reaching dorsal and ventral margins of head in lateral view in male and nearly reaching ventral view in female, width of eye subequal to width of interocular space in dorsal view in male but shorter than width of interocular space in female. Ocelli well developed, slightly raised, separated from each other by about diameter of single ocellus in male and by more than diameter of single ocellus in female, separated from eye by less than diameter of single ocellus in male and by about diameter of single ocellus in female. Thorax: Anterior lobe of pronotum with distinct stripes, sulci indistinct, except median longitudinal sulcus on basal half of anterior pronotal lobe deep and surrounded with a shallow, oval depression. Posterior pronotal lobe short, arcuately quadrate, integument smooth, humeri rounded, posterior margin arcuate. Scutellum disc flat and rugulose, scutellar process knobbed, slightly directed obliquely in lateral view. Propleuron with integument finely faintly granulate, smoothly pilose, set off from dorsal surface by a faint carina. Mesopleuron integument minutely granulate, sparsely pilose. Metapleuron with integument more finely granulate and granules distinctly striate, metapleural sulcus distinctly bicarinate and arcuate, pilose with whitish dense hairs posteriorly. All sternites with tiny granules, moderately pilose. Mesosternum carinate in middle, metasternum with disc tumid. Hemelytron slightly exceeding tip of abdomen in male and reaching anterior margin of abdominal tergite VII to nearly reaching tip of abdomen in female. Legs: Fore leg with coxa with yellowish brown pilosity; trochanter unarmed, sparsely hairy; femur strongly fusiform, greatly incrassate near base narrowing distally, armed below with two irregular rows of tubercles, outer tubercles large and conical, inner ones minute; tibia gradually thickened to apex, more or less straight but apex slightly reflexed, fossula spongiosa occupying about 2/5 tibial length. Mid leg with coxa globular; femur only slightly thickened, ventral surface densely covered with short blackish brown bristly setae; tibia with short yellowish brown to brown pilosity for whole length, with fossula spongiosa slightly more than 1/3 its length. Hind coxae separated from each other by less than width of one coxa; femur cylindrical; tibia with brush of setae, denser at apex. Abdomen: In male, venter of abdomen with a median ridge running from posterior portion of second abdominal sternite to posterior portion of seventh abdominal sternite, curved to right side of body, distinctly carinated and forming a knobbed preapical point on sternite VII; left side of sternite VII with a long, upturned, spine-like extragenital process, apical part slightly curved, located near posterior margin of sternite VII ( Figs. 55D, 56D). Connexivum with golden to yellowish brown tiny pilosity as elsewhere on sternum. Spiracles situated below connexival suture, and each with two impressed shiny roundish areas, one postero-ventrally and one anteriorly near anterior margin of segment. In female, same as male, venter of abdomen flat, lacking median carina, all sterna appearing narrow medially except VII very enlarged, sternite VII with many transverse wrinkles ( Fig. 26C). Male genitalia( Fig. 27): Median pygophore process long, straight and oblique to right side, venter strongly ridged in caudal view ( Fig. 27B); spatulate, apex less acutely pointed, blade of process near base slightly constricted in lateral view ( Fig. 27C). Parameres ( Fig. 27D&E) with outer surfaces densely covered with yellowish brown hairs, left paramere ( Fig. 27D) broadly falcate with apex truncate, right paramere ( Fig. 27E) subtriangular. Phallus ( Fig. 27F–I) in resting condition with basal plate subequal to basal plate bridge ( Fig. 27F), pedicel slightly curved and slightly shorter than basal plate ( Fig. 27H&I); length of struts distinctly longer than half length of phallosoma ( Fig. 27F); apex of dorsal phallothecal sclerite blunt ( Fig. 27F); lateral phallothecal sclerite subquadrangular, inner margin corrugated except a slightly protruding round process at lower angle ( Fig. 27I); pair of slender sclerites near base of venter of phallosoma moderately sclerotized ( Fig. 27G). Measurements: [of lectotypefemale, followed by one maleand one female]. Body length 18.26, 20.59 ( ♂), 21.06 ( ♀); maximum width of abdomen 5.60, 5.92 ( ♂), 6.70 ( ♀); length of head 2.81, 2.28 ( ♂), 2.85 ( ♀); length of anteocular region 1.14, 0.95 ( ♂), 1.06 ( ♀); length of postocular region 0.64, 0.45 ( ♂), 0.68 ( ♀); width of head across eyes 1.97, 2.16 ( ♂), 2.24 ( ♀); width of interocular space 0.87, 0.72 ( ♂), 0.90 ( ♀); width of interocellar space 0.25, 0.26 ( ♂), 0.25 ( ♀); length of eye in dorsal view 0.91, 0.83 ( ♂), 0.98 ( ♀); width of eye in dorsal view 0.50, 0.72 ( ♂), 0.69 ( ♀); lengths of antennal segments I–IV 1.63, 1.90 ( ♂), 1.90 ( ♀) / 2.77, 3.23 ( ♂), 3.11 ( ♀) /?, 3.45 ( ♂), 3.23 ( ♀) /?,? ( ♂),? ( ♀); length of visible labial segments I–III 1.20, 1.14 ( ♂), 1.25 ( ♀) / 1.60, 1.76 ( ♂), 1.90 ( ♀) /0.76, 0.79 ( ♂), 0.75 ( ♀); length of pronotum 4.37, 4.56 ( ♂), 4.70 ( ♀); length of anterior pronotal lobe 2.77, 2.66 ( ♂), 3.04 ( ♀); length of posterior pronotal lobe 1.59, 1.90 ( ♂), 1.59 ( ♀); width of anterior pronotal lobe 3.50, 3.49 ( ♂), 3.80 ( ♀); width of posterior pronotal lobe 4.70, 5.77 ( ♂), 5.30 ( ♀); length of scutellum 1.97, 2.20 ( ♂), 1.97 ( ♀); maximum width of scutellum 2.10, 2.69 ( ♂), 2.13 ( ♀); length of hemelytron 11.20, 14.82 ( ♂), 11.85 ( ♀); length of fore tibia 3.42, 3.99 ( ♂), 3.42 ( ♀); length of fossula spongiosa on fore tibia 1.33, 1.55 ( ♂), 1.30 ( ♀).
Distribution. Australia( Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Northern Territoryand Western Australia). Comparative notes.This species is related to B. sepulchralis( Distant, 1902)but differs from the latter in abdominal sternites sparsely coved with yellow, procumbent, long hairs (vs. abdomen nearly glabrous with extremely sparse hairs on sternites in B. sepulchralis) and extragenital process of male long, upturned, spine-like, apical part slightly curved (vs. extragenital process of male large, curved triangular, median part depressed in B. sepulchralis).
Remarks.One macropterous male specimen from Caldwell (NSW), exhibits abnormalities of tarsus and tarsal claws of left mid leg ( Fig. 57D–F), see further details under cases of leg teratology section below.
4921226484
1952-02-27
MV
V. Robb
Caldwell
52
53
1
1
New South Wales
4921226562
[487,931,736,763]
1952-10-05
MV
52
53
1
1
New South Wales
4921226436
MV
Moorna Station
52
53
1
1
New South Wales
4921226651
[231,746,772,798]
1977-04-08
1977-04-09
1977-04-08
ANIC
Trangie station
52
53
2
2
New South Wales
4921226510
MV
L. Kelly
VICTORIA
52
53
1
1
Victoria
4921226387
[494,1013,808,834]
MV
Hattah & Mallee
52
53
2
1
1
Victoria
4921226539
[1028,1338,808,834]
MV
Mallee dist.
52
53
2
2
Victoria
4921226515
1964-12-01
MV
Dr G. Brown
Colac
52
53
1
1
Victoria
4921226625
[605,1408,844,871]
1940-01
MV
St Albans & J. E. Dixon Coll. Don.
52
53
1
1
Victoria
4921226325
1923-06-15
MV
52
53
1
1
Victoria
4921226306
[578,999,880,907]
MV
52
53
1
1
Victoria
4921226433
MV
J. E. Dixon
52
53
1
1
Victoria
4921226579
[354,1121,916,943]
1940-01
MV
Dixon Coll. Don.
52
53
1
1
Victoria
4921226445
1927-09-25
MV
Melbourne, F. E
Wilson
52
53
2
2
Victoria
4921226318
[451,1019,952,979]
1968-10-05
VAIC
I. Faithfull
Camberwell
52
53
1
1
Victoria
4921226438
[1030,1410,952,979]
1990-10-06
VAIC
Dooen
52
53
4
4
Victoria
4921226563
1990-12-27
VAIC
Faithfull
52
53
1
1
Victoria
4921226493
[887,1433,988,1015]
1993-10
VAIC
Bairnsdale
52
53
1
1
Victoria
4921226487
[151,883,1024,1051]
MV
H. W. Davey
52
53
1
1
Victoria
4921226550
MV
Pres & J. E. Dixon
Victoria
52
53
2
2
Victoria
4921226315
[229,894,1060,1087]
1923-08
MV
Pres & J. E. Dixon
52
53
2
2
Victoria
4921226312
1995-10-10
1995-10-13
1995-10-10
ANIC
H. Sutrisno & K. R. Pullen
-34.05
Calperum
1201
14.716666
52
53
1
1
South Australia
4921226458
1995-12-14
ANIC
Pullen
52
53
1
1
South Australia
4921226568
[626,1338,1132,1159]
1971-09
1972-09
1971-09
WAM
B. & C. Oldfield
Etadunna
52
53
1
1
South Australia
4921226368
1972-10-03
WAM
M. Archer & Oldfield
52
53
1
1
South Australia
4921226517
WAM
Marrie, M & E. Archer
Etadunna Station
52
53
1
1
South Australia
4921226617
[530,1106,1204,1231]
1950-08-19
MV
C. Oke
Kangaroo Is.
52
53
1
1
South Australia
4921226456
MV
Oenpelli, D. P & Cahill
NORTHERN TERRITORY
52
53
3
1
2
Northern Territory
4921226428
1962-01-15
WAM
Wave Hill Stn & J. R. Tonkinson
River
52
53
1
1
Victoria
4921226554
[378,912,1276,1303]
1969-01-16
WAM
D. Durack
Kildork
52
53
1
1
Victoria
4921226618
[923,1430,1276,1303]
MV
Tennant Ck & National Museum
52
53
1
1
Victoria
4921226360
[151,1100,1312,1339]
1975-11-01
ANIC
M. S. Upton
-15.966666
Borroloola
1068
136.21
52
53
1
1
Victoria
4921226627
1988-04-01
WAM
T. Houston
Lennard River
-17.383333
Kimberley
1279
124.73333
River Road
52
53
1
1
Western Australia