A revision of the click beetle genus Ctenoplus Candèze, 1863 (Coleoptera: Elateridae, Synaptina) Fuller, E. Platia, G. Zootaxa 2006 2006-05-26 1217 1 1 76 Fuller & Platia, 2006 Fuller & Platia 2006 [264,448,924,950] Insecta Elateridae Ctenoplus GBIF Animalia Coleoptera 61 62 Arthropoda species balli sp. nov.   Figures 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, 53, 64, 81, 102, 112  Diagnosis Large­sized, uniformly reddish brown  Ctenopluswith relatively short, wide prosternal spine, subquadrate pronotum and indistinct lobe on tarsomere 4.  C. balliis similar to  C. gigas  n. sp., but can be distinguished by body size and male genitalia.  C. balliis smaller than  C. gigas( 10.5 mm vs. 12.5–15 mm), and the apices of the parameres are straight ( Fig. 81), whereas  C. gigasis larger, and the apices of the parameres are slightly curved laterally ( Fig. 83).  Description Body including antennae and legs uniformly dark reddish­brown, elytra lighter reddish­brown; setae opaque pale yellow. Length: 10.5 mm; width 2.0– 2.5 mm. Head. Punctures shallow, almost contiguous throughout; setae erect, subequal in length to antennomere 3. Eyes: ocular index, males, 65–67 (c.f.,  C. gigas). Antenna: antennomeres 2 and 3 elongate, subcylindrical, antennomeres 4–10 elongate, length slightly more than 2X apical width; cuticle microrugose; antenna extending posterad apex of pronotal hind angles by about length of antennomere 11; anterior margin of antennomeres 4–10 with sparse fringe of erect setae in both sexes. Prothorax. Pronotum slightly wider than long (length:width ratio 0.91–0.97), hind angles slightly divergent; apex of hind angles bluntly pointed; carina of hind angles slightly less than 1/2 length of pronotum; lateral carina weakly sinuate; punctures as on head, very slightly more widely spaced on disk, size equal throughout; posterior 1/2 glabrous along midline; setae as on head; posterior margin adjacent to scutellum transverse, not sinuate. Hypomeron ( Fig. 9) glabrous on posterior 1/4; smooth mesal border ( Fig. 9, mb) with ca.5 setae anterad procoxae; mesal smooth border bearing triangular projection at level of procoxa ( Fig. 9, pr); punctures and setae as on head, but separated by up to 1/2 own diameters; posterolateral angle in ventrolateral aspect set off from margin adjacent to epipleuron, angle obtuse. Prosternum: punctures grading from subequal to hypomeral punctures anteriorly to minute around procoxal cavities; prosternal spine ( Figs. 9, 53): ventrolateral carinae remaining separate until apex, continued anteriorly slightly anterad margin of procoxal cavities ( Fig. 9); ventral surface slightly narrower than dorsal surface ( Fig. 9), margins subparallel, with median carina posterad procoxae, ventral apex very slightly produced, forming ventral surface of U­shaped ridge around posterior vertical margin, U­shaped ridge accentuating medial ridge on posterior surface. Mesothorax. Scutellum flat; punctures minute, almost contiguous; anterior margin straight and transverse, posterior margin slightly produced. Mesosternum with posterior margin distinctly raised above mesocoxae, horizontal in lateral aspect, concave in ventral aspect; declivity anterad level of mesocoxae angled at ca.45°; setae finer than pronotal setae. Mesepisternum with anterior groove bearing setae laterally, elsewhere almost glabrous with less than 6 punctures anterolaterally and 3–4 punctures posteromesally in some specimens. Elytra somewhat attenuated posteriorly (Fig. 64); punctures relatively deep, slightly smaller than pronotal punctures; intervals with relatively dense, minute punctures, punctures separated by slightly more than own diameter; apices of elytra dehiscent, sutural interval with small triangular tooth. Metathorax. Metasternum densely punctured, punctures separated by less than 1/2 own diameters, punctures subequal in size to median prosternal punctures; setae as on mesosternum; carina posterad mesocoxae up to 2X as long as basal width. Legs. Profemur without obvious dark microspines. Tarsomere 4 with inconspicuous ventral lobe ( Fig. 7); claws robust ( Fig. 5). Abdomen. Terga relatively lightly sclerotized, spiracles partially enclosed on terga 3–6. Ventrite 5 about as long as basal width; punctures as in metasternum except becoming separated by about own diameters along midline; dorsal submarginal carina of ventrite 5 broadly rounded. Ventral setae grading from same as metasternum along midline to same as pronotum laterally. Apex of sternum 9 of male with 2 lateral and 1 medial stout setae. Male genitalia, Fig. 81; parameres converging anteriorly, separated by width of ejaculatory duct along midline; ventral surface of median lobe with elliptical sclerite like  C. girardianus. Female genitalia, Fig. 102; bursal plates subreniform, symmetrical; tubular extension: about 2X length of bursa, with 1 distal coil, expanded distally, bearing reticulate pattern of grooves; spines coarse, with conspicuous bases; proximal spines in single row, distal spines in 2 rows; spermatheca absent.  Material examined and range   3♂, 1♀.  THAILAND: Holotypemale, “ THAI  24–29.IV.1992, DOI SUTHEP, Pacholatko& Dembickyleg”. [ CPG].  Paratypes: 1♂, “ THAILAND. CHIANG MAI: Doi InthanonNP,  1300m, UVlight 1900–2300h,  1 MAY 1990, EF#90037; E. Fuller”[ ERFC];  1♂, same data except: “  4 MAY 1990, on plants, EF#90043A” [ ERFC];   LAOS: 1♀, “ LAOS,  600–700 m, Luang Namtha,  13–24.v.1997, leg Hergovitz” [ CCW]. Thisspecies is known from northwestern Thailand and western Laos( Fig. 112), but see Discussionbelow.   FIGURE 112.Distribution of  Ctenoplusspecies.  Etymology The species is named in honour of Dr. George E. Ball, carabidologist, University of Alberta.  Natural history Specimens have been collected between 24 April and 24 May, and between 600 and 1600min elevation. At Doi Inthanon, both specimens were collected in predominantly pine forest;  one specimenwas attracted to UVlight, the other hand­picked from roadside vegetation.  DiscussionThe males and female of the typeseries were not collected at the same time or place. Given the presence of externally indistinguishable species pairs in  Ctenoplus, the association must be regarded as tentative. 1992-04-24 1992-04-29 1992-04-24 THAI, CPG Pacholatko & Dembicky Thailand THAILAND 63 64 4 1 3 holotype 1990-05-01 UV, ERFC E. Fuller Thailand 1300 Doi Inthanon 63 64 1 1 Chiang Mai paratype [264,1159,443,470] 1990-05-04 ERFC E. Fuller Thailand 1300 Doi Inthanon 63 64 1 1 Chiang Mai paratype 1997-05-13 1997-05-24 1997-05-13 CCW This & Discussion Laos 650 Luang Namtha 63 64 1 1 Louangnamtha paratype UV 63 64 1