Loxoneptera carnealis Notaspis carnealis Revision and phylogeny of the genus Loxoneptera Hampson, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae), based on morphology and molecular data Xiang, Lanbin Chen, Kai Zhang, Dandan ZooKeys 2021 2021-05-05 1036 75 98 15819497-8989-54E2-9077-4AED5CE0EC86 Chen & Zhang Chen & Zhang 2021 Insecta Crambidae Loxoneptera CoL Animalia Loxoneptera hampsoni Lepidoptera 0 75 Arthropoda species hampsoni nom. nov.   Loxoneptera carnealisHampson, 1896: 406, fig. 219 (a junior secondary homonym of Notaspis carnealisSwinhoe, 1895). TL: India (Sikkim). TD: NHMUK.  Material examined.    Typematerial.  Type ♂, Sikkim, O. Mueller[Coll.], Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide No.9752 (NHMUK).   Figures 2-9.Adults of  Loxonepteraspp.  2  L. hampsoninom. nov., male ( Tibet)  3  L. hampsoninom. nov., female ( Hainan)  4  L. albicostalis, male ( Yunnan)  5  L. crassiuncatasp. nov., paratype, male ( Yunnan)  6  L. carnealis, male ( Yunnan)  7  L. triangularissp. nov., holotype, male ( Yunnan)  8  L. rectacerosasp. nov., holotype, male ( Yunnan)  9  L. medialis, male ( Guangdong). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.   Figures 10-13.Adults of  Loxonepteraspp.  10  L. pentasaris, holotype, male ( India)  11  L. bipunctalis, type, male ( India)  12  L. brevipalpis, holotype, male ( India)  13  L. dichroma, type, male ( India). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.   Other material examined.  China. Hainan: 1♂,  Mt. Limushan, 5.V.2011, leg. Zhang Dandan& Yang Lijun; 1♂ 1♀,  Mt. Limushan, 6.V.2011, leg. Zhang Dandan& Yang Lifeng, genitalia slide no. SYSU0117 ( ♂), no. SYSU0130 ( ♀);  1♂ 1♀,  Mt. Limushan, 19.17°N, 109.73°E, alt.  662 m, 20.V.2013, leg. Li Jinwei, genitalia slide no. SYSU0929 ( ♂), no. SYSU0991 ( ♀), molecular voucher no. LEP0166 ( ♂), no. LEP0174 ( ♀).   Yunnan: 2♂,  Mengla, Xishuangbanna, 4, 6.X.2004, leg. R. L. Kitching, genitalia slide no. FCEL0003 (FCEL).   Tibet: 1♂, 80K, Medog County, 29.66°N, 95.49°E, alt.  2059 m, 8.VIII.2017, leg. Qi Mujie& Yang Xiaofei(NKU); 1♀,  Beibeng Village, Medog County, 29.24°N, 95.17°E, alt.  987 m, 12.VIII.2017, leg. Qi Mujie& Yang Xiaofei(NKU); 1♀,  Beibeng Village, Medog County, 29.25°N, 95.18°E, alt.  810 m, 15.VIII.2017, leg. Qi Mujie& Yang Xiaofei(NKU).  Diagnosis.   Loxoneptera hampsoniis easily distinguished from other  Loxonepteraspecies as follows: forewing with distinct, black-brown and point-like orbicular and reniform stigmata, bearing pale yellow stripes between veins, and veins with ochre-brown scales forming streaks; dorsal sella with a long and slender rod-shaped extension in the male genitalia.  Redescription.   Head.Frons brown, with white lateral bands. Vertex brown, mixed with some white erected scales. Labial palpus dark brown, with white scales on ventral side. Maxillary palpus brown. Antennae brown.  Thorax.Dorsal side, patagia and tegula yellowish brown, ventral side grey white. Foreleg yellowish brown, dorsal tarsus grey white; ventral femur and tibia of midleg and hindleg grey white, others pale yellow.  Wings.Wingspan 29.0-36.0 mm. Forewing termen straight, a small triangular indentation presented on 1/3 of posterior margin in male, and with a group of black-brown scales; yellowish brown, mixed with ochre-brown scales, pale yellow stripes presented between veins, and veins covered with ochre-brown scales forming streaks; orbicular stigma appearing as a black point, reniform stigma black, small and round; fringe white, basal 1/5 black-brown. Hindwing in male black-brown on terminal area, remaining areas pale yellow, a triangular patch present near posterior angle of cell, slightly concave and densely covered with pale brown scales; in female pale yellow, mixed with ochre-brown scales on termen; fringe brown in male, pale yellow in female.  Abdomen.Dorsal side of abdomen black-brown, ventral side grey white; 5th abdominal segment with a group of pale yellow scales on each side in male; sternite VIII in male slightly sclerotised with two pointed anterolateral processes.  Male genitalia(Fig. 15). Uncus somewhat wide and short, distally narrowly rounded, without setae. Saccus narrow. Dorsal projection of transtilla relatively thick and slightly curved, ~ 1/2 length of costa, distally bearing hair almost as long as projection. Valva with dorsal margin slightly concave, ventral margin nearly paralleled with dorsal margin, apex truncate; costa wide; dorsal sella membranous, rod-shaped, rather slender, and fragile; ventral sella sclerotised, with a somewhat straight, hook-shaped process; dorso-distal sella with a pointed process extended beyond ventral margin of valva; sacculus broad. Juxta heart-shaped, middle part concave inwardly, with wide arms. Phallus with vesica bearing two groups of spine-shaped cornuti, one longer and curved, another short and straight.   Figures 14-19. 14The sternite VIII in male of  L. albicostalis 15-19Male genitalia of  Loxonepteraspp. 15  L. hampsoninom. nov., Hainan (genitalia slide no. SYSU0929) 16  L. albicostalis, Yunnan (genitalia slide no. ZDD12108) 17  L. crassiuncatasp. nov., Yunnan (genitalia slide no. FCEL0010) 18  L. carnealis, Guizhou (genitalia slide no. SYSU0165) 19  L. triangularissp. nov., Yunnan (genitalia slide no. FCEL0004). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.   Figures 20-25.Male genitalia of  Loxonepteraspp. 20  L. rectacerosasp. nov., Yunnan (genitalia slide no. ZDD12059) 21  L. medialis, Guangdong (genitalia slide no. SYSU0987) 22  L. pentasaris, India ( PyralidaeBrit. Mus. Slide No. 9747) 23  L. bipunctalis, India ( PyralidaeBrit. Mus. Slide No. 9750) 24  L. brevipalpis, India ( PyralidaeBrit. Mus. Slide No. 9748) 25  L. dichroma, India ( PyralidaeBrit. Mus. Slide No. 9749). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.  Female genitalia(Fig. 26). Anterior apophyses 1.5 xas long as posterior apophyses. Lamella postvaginalis with weakly sclerotised transversely wrinkles, with dense and tiny spines; lamella antevaginalis with two curved and sclerotised notches. Antrum weakly sclerotised, cup-shaped, width 3 xas long as length; colliculum well developed and heavily sclerotised, expanded in middle part, length of colliculum ~ 1/3 of ductus bursae; ductus bursae slightly longer than length of corpus bursae; corpus bursae oval, appendix bursae arising from lateral side, small; signum broadly rhomboid, maximal length less than half width of corpus bursae, carina well-developed, laterally bearing with dense tiny spines, other two arms short and stout.   Figures 26-28.Female genitalia of  Loxonepteraspp. 26  L. hampsoninom. nov., Hainan (genitalia slide no. SYSU0991) 27  L. carnealis, Yunnan (genitalia slide no. SYSU0985) 28  L. medialis, Guangdong (genitalia slide no. SYSU0990). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.  Distribution. China (Hainan, Yunnan, Tibet), India.  Etymology. The species is renamed after the last name of George Hampson, who proposed the genus  Loxonepterain 1896.  Remarks. According to the characters of the male and female genitalia,  Calamochrous carnealis(Swinhoe, 1895) is transferred to  Loxonepterain this paper, which creates a secondary homonym of  Loxoneptera carnealisHampson, 1896, the type species of  Loxoneptera. The specific name of  Loxoneptera carnealisHampson, 1896 is not valid, therefore we give it a new replacement name, i.e.,  Loxoneptera hampsoninom. nov. 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 O. Mueller, Brit. Mus. Slide No. Sikkim ♂ Sikkim Type 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 China Hainan 1 1 Hainan 2011-05-05 Zhang Dandan, Yang Lijun China Mt. Limushan 1 Hainan 2011-05-06 Zhang Dandan, Yang Lifeng China Mt. Limushan ♂ Hainan 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Zhang Dandan & Yang Lifeng China true Mt. Limushan 2 1 1 Hainan 2013-05-20 Li Jinwei China 662 19.17 Mt. Limushan 763 109.73 ♂ Hainan 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Li Jinwei China 662 true 19.17 Yunnan 763 109.73 2 2 Yunnan 2004-10-06 R. L. Kitching China Xishuangbanna Mengla 1 Yunnan 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 China Tibet 1 1 Tibet 2017-08-08 Qi Mujie, Yang Xiaofei China Medog County 2059 29.66 Medog County 735 95.49 1 Xizang 2017-08-12 Qi Mujie, Yang Xiaofei China Medog County 987 29.24 Beibeng Village 736 95.17 1 Xizang 2017-08-15 Qi Mujie, Yang Xiaofei China Medog County 810 29.25 Beibeng Village 736 95.18 1 Xizang