Souza Lopes & Mangabeira, 1942 :340
Penny & Byers, 1979b :367
Penny & Arias, 1982 :269
Machado et al., 2009 :36
Willmann, 1983 :51
Collucci & Amorim, 2000 :7
Collucci & Amorim, 2001 :2
Machado et al. , 2009 :37
Thyridates willmanni
T. willmanni
B. diversinervis
T. willmanni
B. diversinervis
T. willmanni ( Collucci & Amorim 2001 )
B. diversinervis
T. willmanni
B. diversinervis
T. willmanni
B. diversinervis
T. willmanni
The genus Bittacus Latreille (Insecta: Mecoptera) in Brazil: key to species, distribution maps, new synonym, and three new species
Machado, Renato Jose Pires
Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello
Rafael, José Albertino
Zootaxa
2018
2018-11-30
4526
3
303
330
LXRL
Souza Lopes & Mangabeira, 1942
: Souza Lopes & Mangabeira
1942
[151,840,583,610]
Insecta
Bittacidae
Bittacus
GBIF
Animalia
Mecoptera
5
308
Arthropoda
species
diversinervis
( Figs. 3a, 6a, 8g, 12b)
Bittacus diversinervis: Souza Lopes & Mangabeira, 1942:340; Penny & Byers, 1979b:367; Penny & Arias, 1982:269; Machado et al.,2009:36, 2010:605; Machado, 2018. Thyridates diversinervis: Willmann, 1983:51; Collucci & Amorim, 2000:7. Thyridates willmanni: Collucci & Amorim, 2001:2. New synonym. Bittacus willmanni: Machado et al., 2009:37.
Holotypemale of B. diversinervis: MNRJ (examined). Probably destroyed in the fire of 2.ix.2018. Holotypemale of B. willmanni: LMED (high resolution images examined). Species also known from: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia(new record), Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso(new record), Mato Grosso do Sul(new record), Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rondônia, Roraima, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Tocantins(new record) ( Fig. 12b). Bittacus diversinervisis the most common and widespread hanging fly in Brazil, with records for all regions of the country, except the southern states. The species has been collected in different habitats, including the Amazon and Atlantic rain forest, some dry areas in the Cerrado, and open grassy areas in Roraimastate.
Thyridates willmanniwas described based on a male specimen, which until today remains as the only known specimen ( Colluci & Amorim, 2001). On its original description the authors mentioned that T. willmanniwas very similar to B. diversinervis, but justified the description of a new species based on the different number of costal crossveins (three for T. willmanniand two for B. diversinervis), a character known to be very plastic for a long time as discussed by different authors (e.g. Esben-Petersen 1921; Navás 1929; Machado et al. 2009). Another diagnostic trait suggested by the authors is that the internal margins of the male epandrium are almost straight in T. willmanni( Collucci & Amorim 2001); however, the study of the holotypeherein clearly indicates that this character was misinterpreted by the authors. The internal margins of the epandirum are divergent, as in all other specimens of B. diversinervis. The image of the epandrium presented in the original description is inaccurate and suggests that the internal margins are almost straight, but it does not correspond with the actual shape in the specimen. Additionally, the holotypeof T. willmannipresents the vein Rs 1forked in the forewing, one of the major characteristics of B. diversinervis. For the reasons mentioned above, we are here synonymizing T. willmanniunder B. diversinervis. The two main characters used to distinguish T. willmanniare not robust; the first is based on a historically known plastic character and the second is the result of a misinterpretation.
Examined specimens. Brazil: Acre: Rio Branco, 24.ii.1979, Maurício Mendonça( 1♀ INPA); Amazonas: Humaitá, 22.ii.1980, Penny& Brasil( 3♂, 5♀, 2? INPA); Bahia: Aracatu, Fazenda Lagoa do Tamburi, RodoviaBA 262, km 400 sentido Vit. da Conquita/ Brumado, coletado na lâmpada da residência, 16.xii.2010, Ferreira, A.S.col.; (4 MZUEFS); Vitória da Conquista, UFBA/IMS/CAT, LABZOO, 14.i.2012, Ferreira, A.S.col (1 MZUEFS); Espírito Santo: Anchieta, Praia de Ubu, i.2006, luz, SA Vanim( 1♀ MZSP); Colatina, 20.i.1960, JH Guimarães( 1♀ MZSP); Guarapari, 9.i.1981, Eloy Castellón( 1♀ INPA); Minas Gerais: Governador Valadares, 28.xii.1990, Marcio M(1? MZSP); Lagoa Santa, 12.i.1965, J.S. Morgante( 1♀ MZSP); Muriaé, 31.xii.1977, Mirian A.S. Serrano( 1♂ INPA); Mato Grosso: Nova Mutum, Fazenda Buriti, 15.xii.1996, HF Mendes( 1♂, 2♀ MZSP); idem— 14.i.1998( 1♂ MZSP); Mato Grosso do Sul: Porto Murtinho, 21–30.i.2008, S. Sigeoet al ( 1♂ MZSP); Pernambuco: Arco Verde, vii.1974, N. Papavero( 2♂ MZSP); Rio de Janeiro: Guaratiba, iv.1960, JH Guimaraes( 1♂ MZSP); Rondônia: Vilhena, 7.xi.1979, Norman D. Penny( 1♀ INPA); Roraima: Boa Vista, 10.viii.1977, ND Penny( 8♂, 7♀ INPA); Boa Vista, Passarão, 031202N—603508W, 8.vii.1996, F.F. Xavier, varredura ( 2♂, 1♀ INPA); São Paulo: Barra Bonita, iii.1957, A. Correia( 1♂ MZSP); Barueri, 26.ii.1959, K. Lenko( 1♂ MZSP); Campinas, 2.iii.1974, Buhrnheimcol. ( 2♂ 1♀ INPA); Campos do Jordão, Parque Estadual, 2.xi.1985, CG Froehlich( 1♀ MZSP); Salesópolis, Boracéia, 5–9.vi.1948, ( 1♀ MZSP); Santo Amaro, ii.1950, D. Lane( 1♀ MZSP); São Paulo, Sumaré. ii.1948, M. Carrera( 1♀ MZSP)idem—ii.1947 (1? MZSP); Tocantins: Barrolândia, 24–25.xii.2013, TK Krolow( 2♀ CEUFT).
2029163367
[472,902,1710,1735]
1979-02-24
Brazil
Rio Branco
5
308
1
Acre
2029165307
[918,1295,1710,1735]
INPA
Mauritius
Mendonca
5
308
1
1
2029163837
1980-02-22
Penny
Mauricio
Humaita
Amazonas
5
308
1
2029162697
[494,783,1746,1771]
INPA
Brazil
Brasil
5
308
8
5
3
2029164923
2010-12-16
MZUEFS
Ferreira, A. S.
Brasil
Aracatu
Rodovia
Fazenda Lagoa do Tamburi
5
308
1
Bahia
2029162883
[326,1432,1818,1843]
2012-01-14
MZUEFS
Ferreira, A. S.
Brasil
Vitoria da Conquista
5
308
1
2029162884
[151,988,1854,1879]
2006-01
MZSP
SA Vanim
Brasil
Praia de Ubu
Anchieta
5
308
1
1
Espirito Santo
2029164433
1960-01-20
MZSP
JH Guimaraes
Brasil
Colatina
5
308
1
1
2029164432
[248,777,1890,1915]
1981-01-09
INPA
Eloy Castellon
Brasil
Guarapari
5
308
1
1
2029164820
1990-12-28
MZSP
Marcio M
Brasil
Governador Valadares
5
308
1
Minas Gerais
2029163452
[325,904,1926,1952]
1965-01-12
MZSP
J. S. Morgante
Brasil
Lagoa Santa
5
308
1
1
2029165304
1977-12-31
INPA
Mirian A. S. Serrano
Brasil
Muriae
5
308
1
1
2029162289
[240,1233,1962,1987]
1996-12-15
MZSP
HF Mendes
Brasil
Fazenda Buriti
Nova Mutum
5
308
3
2
1
Mato Grosso
2029164921
1998-01-14
MZSP
Brasil
5
308
1
1
2029164529
[304,1210,1998,2023]
2008-01-21
2008-01-30
2008-01-21
MZSP
S. Sigeo
Brasil
Porto Murtinho
5
308
1
1
Mato Grosso do Sul
2029164035
1974-07
MZSP
N. Papavero
Brasil
6
309
Arco Verde
5
308
2
2
Pernambuco
2029163662
[673,1432,151,176]
1960-04
MZSP
JH Guimaraes
Brasil
Guaratiba
6
309
1
1
Rio de Janeiro
2029164530
[151,829,188,213]
1979-11-07
INPA
Norman D. Penny
Brasil
Vilhena
6
309
1
1
Rondonia
2029163836
1977-08-10
INPA
ND Penny
Brasil
Boa Vista
6
309
15
7
8
Roraima
2029164626
[239,1301,223,248]
02-03-12
1996-07-08
02-03-12
INPA
F. F. Xavier
Brasil
Passarao
Boa Vista
6
309
3
1
2
2029162788
1957-03
MZSP
A. Correia
Brasil
Barra Bonita
6
309
1
1
Sao Paulo
2029163951
[696,1181,260,285]
1959-02-26
MZSP
K. Lenko
Brasil
Barueri
6
309
1
1
2029163949
1974-03-02
INPA
Buhrnheim
Brasil
Campinas
6
309
3
1
2
2029162493
[542,1432,295,320]
1985-11-02
MZSP
CG Froehlich
Brasil
Parque Estadual
Campos do Jordao
6
309
1
1
2029164716
[151,695,332,357]
1948-06-05
1948-06-09
1948-06-05
MZSP
Brasil
Boraceia
Salesopolis
6
309
1
1
2029163564
[707,1203,332,357]
1950-02
MZSP
D. Lane
Brasil
Santo Amaro
6
309
1
1
2029163764
1948-02
MZSP
M. Carrera
Brasil
Sumare.
6
309
1
1
Sao Paulo
2029163266
2013-12-24
2013-12-25
2013-12-24
CEUFT
TK Krolow
Brasil
Barrolandia
6
309
2
2
Tocantins