Micromphale sect. Perforantia (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes); Expansion and phylogenetic placement Petersen, Ronald H. Hughes, Karen W. MycoKeys 2016 2016-12-15 18 1 122 2099CC2F-B00E-51CA-947F-C9981AAADD8B R. H. Petersen R. H. Petersen 2016 Agaricomycetes Omphalotaceae Gymnopus CoL Fungi Gymnopus quinaultii Agaricales 80 81 Basidiomycota species quinaultii sp. nov.   Holotype.  United States, Washington, Grey'sHarbor Co., vic Amanda Park, Forest service Rd. 2140, "Higley'sSwamp," 16.X.1992, coll RHP & KWH, TFB 5886 (TENN-F-51994).  Etymology. Lake Quinault and the Quinault River, Washington, the vicinity of the holotype collection.  Diagnosis. 1) Fruiting on  Thujadebris (less on associated  Abiesand  Tsuganeedles); 2) rhizomorphs short, stout, arising and terminating in small black pads; 3) stipe fuscous brown-black, vestured, especially downward; 4) pileal hairs often ornamented with annular rings; 5) pileipellis constructed of incrusted hyphae, and hyphae with gelatinizing walls; 6) cheilocystidia not observed.  The description below is based on dried material only.  Description.Basidiomata (Fig. 65A) marasmioid, diminutive. Pileus 3-15 mmbroad, convex to plano-convex, matt, very short-striate on downturned margin; disc now near "sayal brown" 6C5, outward now dull cinnamon buff, near "avellaneous"7B3 to "vinaceous buff" 9B2. Lamellae(Fig. 65A) adnate to adnexed, close to subdistant, seceding somewhat upon drying and then appearing pseudocollariate, subventricose (- 1.2 mmbroad), thickish, with no anastomoses; total lamellae = 30-32; through lamellae = 11-14, now concolorous with pileus, bleeding slightly from dark brown stipe apex; lamellulae short, in 1-2 ranks; lamellar trama under magnification (40 x) appearing glassy (probably gelatinized). Stipe15-30 x 0.7-1.2 mm, subinsititious, terete, equal, hollow, minutely vestured upward (35 x), downward becoming pruinose to minutely hispid, upward "cinnamon"6B5 to "orange cinnamon" 7B6, soon brown and downward "fuscous black" 6F4 to "chaetura black" 2F3 (not totally black anywhere), remaining darker than lamellae through attachment to pileus flesh; medulla off-white. Rhizomorphs(Fig. 65A) apparently common on  Thujabranchlets (incidental on  Abiesneedles), - 10 mm x 0.3-0.8 mm(relatively stout for length), arising from a small black pad (and terminating similarly on adjacent needles), commonly branched (usually short, spur branches), colonizing adjacent needles; resupinate black hyphae individual, meandering over substrate surface. Tasteand odornot recorded.   Figure 65.  Gymnopus quinaultii. ABasidioma and rhizomorphs BBasidiospores CCaulocystidia. Standard bars: A= 10 mm; B= 5 µm; C= 20 µm. TFB 5886 (TENN-F-51994).   Habitatand phenology. Fruiting on dead needles of  Thuja plicataand  Abies grandis; Autumn.  Pileipelliscomposed of the following elements: 1) pileal hairs (Fig. 66) -100 x3-4.5 µm, erect, usually more or less straight, firm-walled, often with basal clamp connection, often weakly ornamented, especially in annular rings (Fig. 66D); 2) repent, unoriented, interwoven hyphae 3.5-8 µmdiam, thin-walled but wall gelatinizing to 2-3 µmthick (Fig. 67C, D), with vague outer wall, obscurely clamped; and 3) weakly to strongly encrusted hyphae (Fig. 67A, B) 4.5-8 µmdiam, thin-walled but semi- gelatinizing; incrustation in scabs and/or vague stripes, with strong but rough profile calluses; narrower hyphae encrusted as though with many minute crystals (not coarse scabs). Lamellar trama loosely interwoven; hyphae 3-5.5 µmdiam, firm-walled, clamped. Pleurocystidia(Fig. 68) common, 28-34 x6-8 µm, fusiform, conspicuously clamped; contents homogeneous or partitioned. Basidioles (Fig. 69A) clavate; basidia(Fig. 69B-D) (25-)30-33(-37) x6.5-9 µm, clavate, subtly subcapitulate, 4-sterigmate, clamped. Basidiospores(Fig. 65B) (6.5-)7.5-9(-9.5) x(3.5-)4-4.5 µm(Q = 1.63-2.50; Qm = 1.99; Lm = 7.82 µm), plump-ellipsoid, marasmioid (somewhat tapered proximally), flattened adaxially, smooth, thin-walled, inamyloid; contents vaguely univacuolate (PhC). Cheilocystidianot observed. Stipe medullary hyphaestrictly parallel, perhaps coherent, 2-9 µmdiam, firm- to thick-walled (wall - 1.0 µmthick, hyaline), conspicuously clamped. Stipe cortical hyphae4-7 µmdiam, strictly parallel, minutely roughened, thick-walled (wall -2 µmthick), obscurely clamped; stipe vesture setoid, hardly gathered into synnemata but usually densely scattered. Caulocystidia(Fig. 65C, 70) -180 x3.5-7 µm, oc curringas side branches of stipe surface hyphae, irregularly rooted, often gnarled at base, tapering distally to rounded apex, thick-walled (wall 1.5-3 µmthick, often occluding cell lumen, dull yellow-ochre, highly refringent), yellowish (PhC), occasionally internally clamped and/or secondarily septate.   Figure 66.  Gymnopus quinaultii. Pileal hairs. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 5886 (TENN-F-51994).   Figure 67.  Gymnopus quinaultii. Pileipellis elements. A, BEncrusted hyphae C, DGelatinizing hyphae. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 5886 (TENN-F-51994).   Figure 68.  Gymnopus quinaultii. Pleurocystidia. Note apical partition of contents. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 5886 (TENN-F-51994).   Figure 69.  Gymnopus quinaultii. Hymenial elements. ABasidiole B-DBasidia. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 5886 (TENN-F-51994).   Figure 70.  Gymnopus quinaultii. Caulocystidia. Note origin as side branches and internal secondary septa. Standard bars = 10 µm. TFB 5886 (TENN-F-51994).   Commentary.   G. quinaultiiclearly belongs in sect.  Perforantia. The vestured stipe is not black but fuscous brown. Spores are somewhat large for sect.  Perforantia, and host association (  Thuja/  Abies) is different (not spruce/fir needles). Based on habitat on  Thujadebris, an ancillary study was made of  Collybia thujinaKauffman (MICH!), which immediately led to examination of material of  Marasmius filopesPeck (NYS!) and  Collybia piceinaKauffman (MICH!). Prior treatments had been published by Hesler (1959), Gilliam (1976), Redhead (1980)and Desjardin (1989). Basidiomata of all correctly identified collections were significantly smaller and more slender than those of  G. quinaultii, and pileipellis organization was of a well-developed Rameales-structure, not similar to that in  G. quinaultii. Desjardin (1989)agreed with Redhead that  M. filopes,  C. piceinaand  C. kauffmaniiwere taxonomic synonyms, all correctly placed in  Marasmiellusby Redhead. I agree with this assessment, leaving  G. quinaultiias a separate taxon.  Specimens examined.    Canada, British Columbia, vic. Whistler, Paradise Valley between Whistler and Squamish, 49°50'35" N, 123°09'25"W, 6.X.1990, coll RHP & LWH, TFB 3400/4 (TENN-F-49650).   United States, Washington,  Grey'sHarbor Co., vic Amanda Park, Forestservice Rd. 2140, "Higley'sswamp," 16.X.1992, coll RHP & KWH, TFB 5886 (TENN-F-51994; holotype). 1990-10-06 Canada 49.843056 Paradise Valley 18 -123.156944 Whistler 1 British Columbia 1992-10-16 United States Grey's Harbor Co. Forest Amanda Park 1 Washington holotype