Bark beetlesand pinhole borers recently ornewly introduced toFrance (Coleoptera Curculionidae, Scolytinae and Platypodinae) Barnouin, Thomas Soldati, Fabien Roques, Alain Faccoli, Massimo Kirkendall, Lawrence R. Mouttet, Raphaëlle Daubree, Jean-Baptiste Noblecourt, Thierry Zootaxa 2020 2020-11-09 4877 1 51 74 ZSMQ Eichhoff Eichhoff 1878 [168,500,1873,1900] Insecta Curculionidae Cryphalus Animalia Coleoptera 4 55 Arthropoda species dilutus  ( Figs. 3A, 3B) Nomenclatural note. Our specimens are the same species as that reported in previous literature for southern Europe ( Italyand Malta) as  Hypocryphalus scabricollis. In a recent treatment of  Hypocryphalus, Johnson et al.(2017)state that the  Hypocryphalusfrom southern Europe, North Africa, Middle East and southern Asia is  H. dilutus. Verifications carried out by authors on male specimens from France, Italy, Tunisiaand Maltaconfirmed species identification. Indeed the males have a sharp, true (non-socketed) spine on the proximal face of the mesofemur, which is a unique character not described or observed in any other  Hypocryphalusspecies, or even any other scolytine ( Johnson et al.2017). This species is now placed in  CryphalusErichson, the genus in which it was originally described ( Johnson et al.2020). Distribution. Described from and probably native to north of the Indian subcontinent ( Eichhoff 1878),  C. dilutusis a highly successful invasive species newly intercepted in France. After Maltain 1991 ( Mifsud & Knižek 2009) and Sicily in 2014 ( Faccoli et al.2016a), Franceis the third European country colonized by this species. On the Mediterranean rim, this species has recently been found in Tunisia( Gaaliche et al.2018) and Algeria( INPV 2018). In Malta, the species has become common throughout the country ( Mifsud et al.2012), while in Sicily it has been detected in eight localities in just two years ( Faccoli et al.2016a). A thermophilic species,  C. dilutusis preadapted to the Mediterranean climate. In France, it was captured in good numbers (30 individuals) in two municipalities of the peninsula of Saint-Tropez. Thus, available data suggest that this species is already established in France, though details of its distribution remain to be ascertained.  New records: VAR –Ramatuelle, bottle trap: 2 ind. from  02.VIII. to 22.VIII.2017and 2 ind. from  27.IX. to 19.X.2017, DSF leg.; Ramatuelle, Pascasti, bottle trap,  05.VII. to 19.VII.2017, 1 ind., DSF leg.; Saint-Tropez, Salins, interception trapsbaited with ethanol 20%: 1 ind. from  24.III. to 12.IV.2017, 3 ind. from  05.VII. to 19.VII.2017, 4 ind. from  02.VIII. to 22.VIII.2017, 10 ind. from  13.IX. to 27.IX.2017and 7 ind. from  27.IX. to 19.X.2017, DSF leg . Biology and ecology.  Cryphalus dilutusis a small bark beetle species that breeds in twigs, branches and trunks of the host trees and shrubs ( Cutajar & Mifsud 2017). It attacks stressed or dying trees as well as healthy individuals ( Cutajar & Mifsud 2017; Gaaliche et al.2018). Johnson et al.(2017)found there to be two slightly divergent clades of  C. dilutus, one developing in mango (  Mangifera indicaL.) and the other in several species of fig trees. In Malta, the fig clade of this species was probably introduced via international trade of  Ficus retusaL., a species imported from Asia frequently used as an ornamental tree along roads and in the Maltese gardens ( Mifsud & Knižek 2009).  C. dilutuswas found infesting several fig species on the Maltese island (  Ficus macrocarpaL.,  F. retusaand  F. caricaL.) ( Mifsud & Knižek 2009; Mifsud et al.2012). In Sicily, it develops on both wild and cultivated common fig (  F. carica) ( Faccoli et al.2016a). Data from Tunisiaconfirm the common fig as a  C. dilutushost in the Mediterranean Basin ( Gaaliche et al.2018). Thus, these data support the hypothesis that the  C. dilutusin Francebelong to the  Ficus-breeding lineage. Damage and infestation risk. Massive infestations of  C. dilutuscause a host dieback resulting in the partial drying of the main branches and leave yellowing. Rapidly, the whole tree is affected with sap flow and bark cracks visible at the base of the trunk ( Cutajar & Mifsud 2017; Gaaliche et al.2018). The dieback leads to tree death, which mainly affects old trees regardless of their vigor ( Gaaliche et al.2018). In Malta, more than 50% of the fig trees infested by this insect died between 2011 and 2017, which led the authorities to implement a monitoring and a control program against this species ( Cutajar & Mifsud 2017). As Franceis the fourth largest producer of figs in Europe, this pest represents a major threat to this fruit tree. 3043283301 2017-03-24 2017-10-19 2017-03-24 DSF 5 56 1