Monstera pinnatipartita Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 7: 197. 1857 Monstera dilacerata Koch (1855: 5) Epipremnum pinnatum Panama Madison (1977: 57 Croat (1978: 207) Revision of Monstera (Araceae: Monsteroideae) of Central America Croat, Thomas B. Cedeño-Fonseca, Marco Ortiz, Orlando O. Phytotaxa 2024 2024-06-27 656 1 1 197 73Q3Q Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. [189,825,1815,1841] Liliopsida Araceae Monstera Plantae Alismatales 137 138 Tracheophyta species pinnatipartita   Type:—  VENEZUELA. Distrito Federal: Caracas, H.G. Reichenbach s.n. ( holotypeW destroyed, see Riedl & Riedl-Dorn, 1988). — VENEZUELA. Zulia: Distrito Perijá, ca. 13 airline km NE of intersection of the Maracaibo-La Fría Hwy. (Hwy. 6) and the Río Aricuaisá(near intersection of LAGOVEN picas 80-2 and 19),  40 m,  20 June 1980,  G. Davidse, A.C. González& R.A. León18286( neotype MO!,  isoneotypeVEN, designated by Grayum (1997)).  [  Monstera dilacerataauctt. non ( Koch & Sello 1853) K.  Koch (1855: 5). (i.e.  Epipremnum pinnatum(L.) Engl.): Standley, Fl.   Panama2(3): 31. 1944 (pro parte);  Madison (1977: 57, pro parte);  Croat (1978: 207).]  Nomadic vine, appressed-climbing habit. SEEDLINGS: bearing foliage leaves. JUVENILE PLANTS: root climbers; stemsdark green with white dots, smooth, cylindrical or flattened; internodes 3–6 cmlong, 3–5 mmdiam.; petioledistinct, dark green, smooth, 4–12 cmlong, sheathed to base of the geniculum; petiole sheathpersistent; bladeslanceolate, subcordate to truncate at base, acuminate at apex, coriaceous, 10–15 × 3–8 cm, not appressed to the phorophyte; fenestrationsabsent or present. ADULT PLANTS: root climbers; stemssmooth, cylindrical, or slightly dorsoventrally compressed, dark green with white dots; internodes 1–3 cmlong, 1–3 cmdiam., as long as wide; cataphyllslight or dark, mottled or whitish, persistent or occasionally deciduous; anchor rootsdark brown; feeder rootsdark brown; petiolelight or dark-green, mottled to whitish, smooth, 15–65 cmlong, sheathed up to 3–6 cmbefore the geniculum or to base of the geniculum; petiole sheathpersistent, involute; geniculum smooth, sunken adaxially, convex abaxially, 2–3 cmlong; bladesovate to lanceolate-ovate, broadly cuneate to rounded or truncate at base, obtuse to short-acuminate at apex, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, drying yellowish, blackish or light brown, 20–70 × 20–35 cm, (1.2)1.7–2.1 times longer than wide, decurrent on the geniculum, decurrent portion 1–2 mmwide; midribribbed adaxially, convex abaxially, drying black or yellowish on both surfaces; primary lateral veins6–20 per side, slightly sunken adaxially, prominent abaxially, departing midrib at 35°–75°, drying black or yellowish; collective veinnot visible; fenestrationsabsent or present; marginsdeeply pinnatifid, 3–10 lobes per side, 1.5–5.0 cm wide, 1–3 veins per lobe. INFLORESCENCES on ascending stems, 1–3 simultaneously at flowering time, arranged in the axils of the leaves or into cataphylls; pedunclesmooth, mottled, 10–25 cmlong, 1.0– 1.5 cmdiam.; spatheacuminate to long-acuminate, yellowish green externally during development, white yellowish externally and white internally at anthesis, overlapping basal margins, deciduous after anthesis; 12–20 × 6–9 cm, up to 7 cmlonger than the spadix; spadixwhite during development, creamy-yellow at anthesis, 6–15 cmlong, 1.3–2.5 cmdiam., (4.4)5.5–9.1 times longer than wide; basal sterile flowers 3–5 mmlong, with a rusty-red stigmatic secretion; fertile flowers 4–7 mmlong; stamens 2–6 mmlong, with laminar filaments; anthers 1.5–2.0 mm long; ovary rectangular in longitudinal section, ribbed, 4–6 × 3–4 mm; style hexagonal, 2–3 × 3–5 mm; stigmatophore columnar, 0.3–0.5 mmlong; stigma linear, with an orange stigmatic secretion; berrieswith a yellowish-green stylar cap during development, mature stylar cap cream-white; pulp white; seedsoblong, black, 5–6 mmlong.   Distribution and ecology:—  Monstera pinnatipartitaranges from El Salvadorand Costa Ricato Panamaand Colombia( Magdalena, Bolívar, Huila, Valle, Risaralda, Nariño, Metaand Caquetá), northern Venezuela, western Ecuador( Esmeraldas, Pichincha, Los Rios, Guayas) and Peru( Loreto, Ucayali, San Martín, Huánuco), at 0–600 m, rarely to 1000 m, in Tropical wet forest, Premontane wetand Lower montane rain forestlife zones.   Phenology:—Flowering has been recorded in January, September-November. Fruit in January, March-June and October.   Discussion:—The species is a member of sect.  Monstera.It differs from the other species of the genus by the light or dark green petiole, speckled to whitish, the persistent petiolar sheath with involute wings, the deeply pinnatifid leaf blade, and externally yellowish-white and internally white spathe. It can be confused with individuals of  Monstera dissectabut that has pinnatilobed leaves with wider lobes ( 4‒10 cmvs. 1.5‒5.0 cm in  M. pinnatipartita).   Monstera pinnatipartitais distributed throughout the Pacific slope, being the most frequent species, growing by estuaries, open areas and primary forest. This species develops hanging stems when the plant cannot continue its ascent, but these hanging stems are never reproductive. Moreover, pre-adult plants can develop inflorescences in ascending stems when they have fenestrate and not pinnatifid leaves ( Cedeño-Fonseca et al.2022). For more details about the taxonomic comments and nomenclatural note see Cedeño-Fonseca et al.(2022).   Additional specimens examined:—  EL SALVADOR. Jardín Botanico, Zona 2S, 13°40’N 089°15’W,  800 m,  12 Jul 1989,  R. Villacorta& S. Martínez308( MO!).  COSTA RICA.  Guanacaste:Hojancha, Puerto Carrillo, Finca Dyalá, Puerto Carrillo, Bosque situado en el nacimiento de la Quebrada Zapotal,  20 m,  26 December 1988, (Fr.),  L. Flores& C. Herrera12( CR!, MO!);  Hojancha, Puerto Carrillo, Along Quebrada Zapotal(not on current maps), from Finca Dyalá upstream to near summit of ridge (ca. 2 km ENE of Puerto Carrillo), Península de Nicoya,  60 m,  30 April 1989, (Fr.),  M.H. Grayumet al. 9438( CR!, MO!),  Santa Cruz, Cuajiniquil, Cerro Vista al Mar,  750 m,  16 March 2008, (Fr.),  B. Hammel24541( CR!);   Puntarenas: Montes de Oro, San Isidro, Interamerican Highwaykm marker 122; patch of forest west of road,  100 m,  4 August 1985, (Infer.),  B.E. Hammel& J. Trainer14369( CR!, MO!);  Osa Sierpe, P.N. Corcovado, Llorona Forest,  75 m,  29 May 1988, (Fr.),  C. Kernanet al. 549( CR!); Secondary vegetation on former plantations and pasture and remnants of original tall evergreen forest on steep slopes and stream edges in the Cabo Blanco Nature Reserve, Southern tip of the Nicoya Península,  100 m,  1 December 1969, (Fr.),  W. Burger& R. Liesner6607( CR!, MO!);  Golfito, Puerto Jiménez, P.N. Corcovado, Near estación Corcovado,  10 m,  7 December 1989, (Fr.),  Merz454( CR!);  Golfito, Puerto Jiménez. P.N. Corcovado, Pavo forest, Poorly drained lowland forest,  70 m,  14 July 1988, (Fr.),  C. Kernan693( CR!);  Osa, Sierpe, Pasture and forest edge along Quebrada Banegas, ca. 4 km W of Rincón de Osa,  40 m,  8 October 1984, (Fr.),  M.H. Grayum4118( CR!, MO!);  Golfito, Puerto Jiménez, Along road between Rincón and Puerto Jiménez, 15 km S of Rincón, disturbed areas along road,  30 m,  4 March 1985, (Fr.),  T.B. Croat59796( CR!, MO!);  Golfito, Puerto Jiménez, P.N. Corcovado, Sirena Woods,  50 m,  30 April 1989, (Fr.),  C. Kernan1062( CR!); Garabito, Tárcoles, P.N. Carara, Along Quebrada Bonita, Carara Reserve,  35 m,  25 July 1985, (Fr.),  M.H. Grayumet al. 5736( CR!, MO!);  Isla del Caño,  25 July 1985, (Infer.),  R. Soto2421( CR!);  Osa, Sierpe, Ridge between Quebrada Banegas and Río Riyito, ca. 7 Km W of Rincón de Osa,  200 m,  8 October 1984, (Fr.),  M.H. Grayum4085( CR!, MO!);  Area del Faroen el lomo de la fila, Isla del Caño,  26 July 1985, (Infer.),  R. Soto2457( CR!);  Senderoal chorro, Isla del Caño,  13 March 1986, (Fr.),  R. Soto2886( CR!);  Golfito, Puerto Jiménez, Jiménez, cuenca inferior del Río Piro,  20 m,  16 September 1990, (Fl.),  G. Herrera4300( CR!, MO!);  Golfito, Puerto Jiménez, P.N. Corcovado, Sirena Woods,  50 m,  30 April 1989, (Fr.),  C. Kernan1065( CR!, MO!);  Osa, Bahía Ballena, Uvita, San Josecito, Faldas de la fila Alivio, Lado Pacífico de la fila Costeña, Finca Oro Verde,  300 m,  12 January 2000, (Fr.),  M. Blanco1245( CR!);  Golfito, Jiménez, Estacion Sirena, sendero Rio Claro,  10 m,  11 October 1993, (Fr.),  R. Aguilar2456( CR!);  Golfito, Jiménez, Alrededor de la Estacion Los Patos,  200 m,  7 June 1994, (Fr.),  R. Aguilar3356( CR!);  Golfito, Jiménez, Alrededor de la estación,  20 m,  11 September 1998, (Fr.),  R. Aguilar5534( CR!, MO!);  Osa, Sierpe, Isla del Caño, 0 m,  30 August 2000, (Infer.),  J. Azofeifa26( CR!);  Osa, Sierpe, Vicinity of Boscosa, at Quebrada Aguabuena,  100 m,  11 September 1996, (Fl., Fr.),  T.B. Croat79247( CR!, MO!);  Puntarenas, Cóbano, Estacion San Miguel, ca. 2 km S. de Malpais,  18 January 1996, (Infer.),  B.E. Hammel20115( CR!);  Golfito, Jiménez, Estacion Sirena, al borde del bosque primario,  2 m,  1 October 1990, (Fl.),  J. Saborio100( CR!);  Corredores, Ciudad Neily, Cerro Punta Gorda, 3 km, northwest of Punta de Burica, Mature rainforest,  200 m,  5 March 1973, (Fr.),  P. Busey777( MO!);  Osa, Bahía Ballena, Cerros de playa Dominical,  550 m,  30 Octubre 2016, (Fl.),  M. Cedeñoet al. 946( USJ!);  Golfito, Puerto Jiménez, Camino a la Estación Biológica Piro,  23 m,  31 Mayo 2016, (Fr.),  M. Cedeñoet al. 891( USJ!);  Parrita, En una plantació vieja de palma africana, ca. 4 km después de parrita,  10 m,  20 Enero 2001, (Fr.),  C. Morales1498( USJ!);   San José: Mora, Colón, Z.P. El Rodeo, Bosque de la Universidad para la Paz, Bosque Premontano Húmedo, Fila Diamante,  850 m,  13 December 1993, (Fl.),  A. Cascanteet al. 90( CR!);  Mora, Colón, Ciudada Colón, Finca El Rodeo, Camino Universidadpara la Paz,  650 m,  27 April 1994, (Infer.),  V. Nilsson& A. Ruiz441( CR!);  Mora, Colón, Z.P. El Rodeo, Reserva de la Universidad para la Paz, Bosque húmedo premontano,  500 m,  2 May 1994, (Fr.),  V. Nilsson462( CR!);  Puriscal, Chires, Santa Rosa de Puriscal, Bosque primario y secundario en las faldas de Fila La Cangreja,  500 m,  6 January 1993, (Fr.),  J. Morales1019( CR!);  Puriscal, Chires, Mastatal de Puriscal; bosque primario en la Quebrada Grande, por la fila y el rio,  200 m,  28 May 1994, (Fr.),  J. Morales2817( CR!, MO!);  Puriscal, Chires, Cerro Pelon, charrales y bosque primario remanente en la cima del cerro y cerca del antiguo camino a Quepos,  920 m,  20 April 1995, (Fr.),  J. Morales3890( CR!).  PANAMA.  Canal Area:Drowned forest of Quebrada Bonita, 09°20’04”N 079°35’51”W,  70–80 m,  20 Dec 1934,  C.W. Dodge& P.H. Allen17126( MO!);  Barro Colorado Island, edge of lake, 09°09’N 079°51’W,  0–5 m,  4 Jul 1931,  D.E. Starry17( MO!);  Barro Colorado Island, 09°09’N 079°51’W,  10–100 m,  20 Aug 1927,  L.A. Kenoyer179( US!);  Barro Colorado Island. Snyder-Molino Trail, 09°09’30”N 079°50’20”W,  10– 150 m,  30 Sep 1931,  O.E. Shattuck27( MO!);  Barro Colorado Island. Frank Lutz Trail, 09°09’49”N 079°50’17”W,  0–50 m,  29 Sep 1931,  O.E. Shattuck6( MO!);  Barro Colorado Island, Gatun Lake, 09°09’N 079°51’W,  0–120 m,  18 Nov 1925– 24 Nov 1925,  P.C. Standley41037( US!);  Barro Colorado Island. Shoreline of Lighthouse Cove, north of #8 Front Light, 09°10’18”N 079°51’22”W,  0–5 m,  12 Feb 1969,  T.B. Croat7906( MO, RSA, US);  Barro Colorado Island, Barbour Trail, 09°09’30”N 079°49’20”W,  10–100 m,  26 Sep 1968,  T.B. Croat6485( MO!);  Barro Colorado Island, William Morton Wheeler Trail, 09°09’20”N 079°51’10”W,  10–170 m,  30 Mar 1970,  T.B. Croat9224( MO!);  Barro Colorado Island. Burrunga Point, 09°08’18”N 079°50’29”W,  0–5 m,  17 May 1968,  T.B. Croat5605( MO!);  Barro Colorado Island. William Morton Wheeler Trail, 09°09’20”N 079°51’10”W,  10–170 m,  17 Jun 1970,  T.B. Croat10909( MO!);  Barro Colorado Island, clearing at laboratory, 09°09’45”N 079°50’30”W,  50 m,  15 Jan 1969,  T.B. Croat7251( MO!);  Barro Colorado Island. Snyder-Molino Trail, 09°09’30”N 079°50’20”W,  50 m,  12 Mar 1969,  T.B. Croat8570( MO!);  Barro Colorado Island. Lutz Trail, 09°09’49”N 079°50’17”W,  0–50 m,  11 Jan 1969,  T.B. Croat7138( MO!);  Madden Forest (Parque Nacional Soberanía) Las Cruces Trail, 3.6 mi N of Gamboa Road turn-off, 09°06’20”N 079°37’20”W,  140 m,  23 July 1994,  T.B. Croat& G. Zhu77066( MO!);  Chiriquí:Just W of the Fortuna Camp, 08°44’N 082°15’W,  1400–1600 m,  12 Sep 1977,  J.P. Folsomet al. 5358( MO!);  NE del campamento Fortuna(Hornito), sitio de presa, después de excavaciones geológicas hasta la finca Santamaría, 08°45’N 082°14’W,  1000–1200 m,  15 agosto 1976,  M.D. Correaet al. 2465( MO!);  NE del campamento de Fortuna( Hornitositio de presa). Camino hacia la finca Landau, 08°45’N 082°15’W,  1000–1200 m,  24 Sep 1976,  M.D. Correaet al. 2688( MO!);  Burica Peninsula. Primary forest; San Bartolo Limite, 12 mi. (20 km) west of Puerto Armuelles, 08°18’N 082°58’W,  400–500 m,  24 Feb 1973,  R.L. Liesner204a( MO!);  Cerro Colorado, along road above San Félix, 29 km above bridge over Río San Félix (7.9 km above turnoff to Escopeta), 08°32’07”N 081°49’11”W,  1500 m,  14 July 1976,  T.B. Croat37080( MO!);   Coclé: Near Sawmillabove El Copé, Atlantic drainage east of sawmill, 08°40’00”N 080°35’30”W,  20 Jun 1978,  B.E. Hammel3518A( MO!);   Colón: La Macha, 08°59’04”N 080°32’35”W,  20 m,  18 Aug 2001,  J.A. MendietaM. 10–65( MO!, PMA!);  La Macha, 08°59’04”N 080°32’35”W,  20 m,  18 Aug 2001,  J.A. Mendieta10–208( MO!, PMA!); Along road between Portobelo and Nombre de Dios, 1.2 mi. beyond the junction of the road to Isla Grande.[Coordinates on original label: 09º36’N, 079º35’W], 09°34’N 079°34’W,  05 April 1980,  T.B. Croat49800( MO!);   Darién: Parque Nacional del Darién, along S branch of Río Pucuro; on ridge in forest E of old village of Tacarcuna; ca. 18 km E of Pucuro, 08°04’N 077°16’W,  600–900 m,  23 Oct 1987,  B.E. Hammelet al. 16449( MO!); About 10 miles S of El Real on Río Pirre (House no. 22), 08°01’N 077°44’W,  10 August 1962– 11 August 1962,  J.A. Duke5461( MO!);  Upper Río Tuquesa, 08°26’N 077°28’W - 08°34’N 077°42’W,  January 1973- May 1973,  J.M. Gustave Le Clézio14( MO!);  Ensenada del Guayabo, 16–19 km SE of Jaqué, 07°25’N 078°03’W,  0–100 m,  17 Jan 1981,  N.C. Garwood1025( MO!);  Serrania de Majé. Reserva Privada Chucanti. Cerro Chucanti. Camnino a la cascada, 08°47’31”N 078°26’51”W,  699 m,  06 April 2018,  O. Ortiz3171( MO!, PMA!); Moist tropical forest on the upper reaches of Río Tupisa (in and around village of Barranquillita). [Coordinates on original label: 09º00’N, 78º00’W], 08°23’N 077°23’W,  09 February 1985,  S. Kane33( MO!); Trail from Canglón-Yaviza road to Río Chucaraque, 7.7 miles E of Canglón, 08°20’08”N 077°48’10”W,  50 m,  06 March 1982,  S. Knapp& J. Mallet3945( MO!);  112 miles from Bayano Dam Bridge. vicinity of Canglon, approximately one mile beyond concrete bridge in Canglón toward Yauisa, 08°19’30”N 077°50’00”W,  50 ft,  14 May 1980,  T. Antonio4551( MO!);  Pinogana. Alongheadwaters of Río Tuquesa, ca. 2 km air distance from the Continental Divide, in vicinity of upper gold mining camp of Tyler Kittredge, 08°33’30”N 077°29’00”W,  600 m,  25 August 1974,  T.B. Croat27119( MO!);   Los Santos: Above Guanico River; forest on hills west of river, 07°20’N 080°30’W,  550–650 m,  4 January 1989,  G. McPherson13500( MO!);   Panamá:Panamá & Comarca de San Blas, Valle de Madroño; ca. 10 road miles north of La Margarita(by Chepo); in forest just South of and on continental divide along main trail to Cangandi, 09°19’N 079°08’W,  350–450 m,  21 February 1986,  B.E. Hammel& G. McPherson14525( MO!);  Serranía de Majé. At top of ridge at headwaters of the Río Ipetí Grande, 08°51’N 078°34’W,  100 m,  25 January 1984– 26 January 1984,  H.W. Churchill& G. de Nevers4365( MO!);  Serranía de Majé.Trail along Río Ipetí Grande, below confluence with Río Aqua Friaand Charco Rico. Alt. 300 m.8º55’N, 78º31’W, 08°55’N 078°31’W,  300 m,  23 Jan. 1984,  H.W. Churchill& G. de Nevers4314( MO!);  Altos de Cerro Azul. Bosque cercano a Comasa,  16 May 2013,  Orlando Ortiz& et al. 1320( MO!, PMA!); m,  T.B. Croat68681( MO!); 6.5 kms from Pan American Highwayalong road to Cerro Campana Elevation  700 m; 8º41’N; 79º58’W, 08°41’N 079°58’W,  700 m,  13 February 1986,  W.S. Hoover1317( CM, MO);  Capira. Cerro Campana, sendero desde el mirador a la cima, 08°41’N 079°55’W,  700–1000 m,  12 Jan 1995,  C. Galdames& C.E. Guerra1889( MO!);  Chepo. Area around Torti Arriba, 08°56’01”N 078°25’25”W,  50–200 m,  31 August 1977,  J.P. Folsom5160( MO!);  Along trail between Río Majé and Quebrada Brava, 09°06’21”N 078°45’36”W,  60 m,  04 May 1976,  T.B. Croat34653( MO!);  Panamá. Parque Nacional Soberanía, Camino de Cruces, 09°07’16”N 079°38’37”W,  150 m,  27 Apr 1999,  A. Florpanet al. 4247( MO!);  5 miles above Interamerican Highway on road to Cerro Azul, 09°07’37”N 079°23’00”W,  240 m,  26 July 1970,  T.B. Croat11516( MO!);   San Blas:Trail from dock to Mandinga Airportto village of Cangandí.[Coordinates on original label: 9º24’N, 79º24’W], 09°27’00”N 079°05’00”W - 09°27’30”N 079°06’00”W,  0–30 m,  10 December 1985,  G. de Neverset al. 6445( MO!);  Trail east of Cangandi-Mandinga airport road, 2–5 miles south of Mandinga airport, 09°25’N 079°05’W – 09°27’N 079°05’W,  27 October 1967,  J. Duke14820( MO!);  Puerto Obaldia. Along the coast NE of Puerto Obaldíatowards Colombian border. Tropical dry forest, strong sea winds, 08°40’N 077°24’W, 0 m,  18 Apr 1982,  S. Knapp& J. Mallet4689( MO!);  Along the coast NE of Puerto Obaldía towards Colombian border. Tropical dry forest, strong sea winds, 08°40’N 077°24’W, 0 m,  18 Apr 1982,  S. Knapp& J. Mallet4682( MO!);   Veraguas: Montijo. Parque Nacional Coiba, Jicarón, cima de la isla, bosque maduro, 07°16’04”N 081°37’57”W,  390 m,  27 Jan 2004,  A. Ibáñezet al.2443AI( MO!);  Parque Nacional Coiba. SE de Isla de Jicarón, río Arriba, 07°15’23”N 081°47’50”W,  0–320 m,  26 Apr 1997,  C. Galdameset al. 3862( PMA!); Sona. Isla Canales de Tierra. En la parcela 1. Bosque maduro. 17NMU 3657, 07°44’53”N 081°34’26”W,  30 m,  26 Feb 2002,  A. Ibáñez& A. Camarena1700( MO!);  Bahia Honda. Isla Canales de Tierra, entre playa Naranjo y punta, 07°44’N 081°35’W,  02 July 2001,  S. Castroviejoet al. 16120( MO!). 4947100341 [218,1415,1891,1913] Caracas, H. G Venezuela VENEZUELA 137 138 1 holotype 4947099378 1980-06-20 MO G. Davidse & A. C. Gonzalez & R. A. Leon Venezuela 40 Rio Aricuaisa Distrito Perija 137 138 2 Zulia neotype 4947099419 [338,807,1999,2021] 1980-06-20 MO G. Davidse & A. C. Gonzalez & R. A. Leon Venezuela 40 Rio Aricuaisa Distrito Perija 137 138 2 Zulia neotype 4947100332 1989-07-12 MO R. Villacorta & S. Martinez El Salvador 800 13.666667 Jardin Botanico 1290 -89.25 Jardin Botanico 138 139 1 4947099969 1988-12-26 CR, MO L. Flores & C. Herrera Costa Rica Puerto Carrillo 20 Puerto Carrillo Finca Dyala 138 139 1 Guanacaste 4947100405 1989-04-30 CR, MO M. H. Grayum Costa Rica Hojancha 60 Along Quebrada Zapotal Puerto Carrillo 138 139 1 Guanacaste 4947100678 2008-03-16 CR B. Hammel Costa Rica Santa Cruz 750 Cerro Vista al Mar Cuajiniquil 138 139 1 Guanacaste 4947099435 1985-08-04 CR, MO B. E. Hammel & J. Trainer Costa Rica Montes de Oro 100 Interamerican Highway San Isidro 138 139 1 Puntarenas 4947099677 1988-05-29 CR C. Kernan Costa Rica 75 Osa Sierpe 138 139 1 Puntarenas 4947099862 1969-12-01 CR, MO W. Burger & R. Liesner Costa Rica Secondary 100 139 140 Cabo Blanco Nature Reserve Cabo Blanco Nature Reserve 138 139 1 Puntarenas 4947100496 1989-12-07 CR Merz Costa Rica 10 Golfito 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947099625 1988-07-14 CR C. Kernan Costa Rica Corcovado 70 Golfito Pavo forest 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947100099 1984-10-08 CR, MO M. H. Grayum Costa Rica Osa 40 Quebrada Banegas Sierpe 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947099489 1985-03-04 CR, MO T. B. Croat Costa Rica Golfito 30 Puerto Jimenez Puerto Jimenez 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947100676 1989-04-30 CR C. Kernan Costa Rica Golfito 50 P. N. Corcovado Puerto Jimenez 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947100431 1985-07-25 CR, MO M. H. Grayum Costa Rica Carara 35 Carara Reserve Along Quebrada Bonita 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947099931 [506,1131,410,437] 1985-07-25 CR R. Soto Costa Rica Isla del Cano 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947100413 1984-10-08 CR, MO M. H. Grayum Costa Rica Osa 200 Ridge between Quebrada Banegas and Rio Riyito Sierpe 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947099604 [284,1320,482,509] 1985-07-26 CR R. Soto Costa Rica Area del Faro Area del Faro 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947099849 1986-03-13 CR R. Soto Costa Rica Isla del Cano Sendero 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947100598 1990-09-16 CR, MO G. Herrera Costa Rica Golfito 20 Jimenez Puerto Jimenez 139 140 1 Herrera 4947099480 1989-04-30 CR, MO C. Kernan Costa Rica Golfito 50 Sirena Woods Puerto Jimenez 139 140 1 Herrera 4947099421 2000-01-12 CR M. Blanco Costa Rica Osa 300 Uvita Bahia Ballena 139 140 1 Herrera 4947100612 [218,1446,662,689] 1993-10-11 CR R. Aguilar Costa Rica Golfito 10 Estacion Sirena Jimenez 139 140 1 Herrera 4947099995 [136,1348,698,725] 1994-06-07 CR R. Aguilar Costa Rica 200 Jimenez Golfito 139 140 1 Herrera 4947099401 1998-09-11 CR, MO R. Aguilar Costa Rica Golfito 20 Alrededor de la estacion Jimenez 139 140 1 Herrera 4947100293 2000-08-30 CR J. Azofeifa Costa Rica Osa Isla del Cano Sierpe 139 140 1 Herrera 4947100394 1996-09-11 CR, MO T. B. Croat Costa Rica Osa 100 Vicinity of Boscosa Sierpe 139 140 1 Herrera 4947099806 1996-01-18 CR B. E. Hammel Costa Rica Estacion San Miguel Cobano 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947099368 1990-10-01 CR J. Saborio Costa Rica Golfito 2 Estacion Sirena Jimenez 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947100406 1973-03-05 MO P. Busey Costa Rica Corredores 200 Cerro Punta Gorda Ciudad Neily 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947100344 2016-10-30 USJ M. Cedeno Costa Rica Osa 550 Cerros de playa Dominical Bahia Ballena 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947099970 2016-05-31 USJ M. Cedeno Costa Rica Golfito 23 Camino a la Estacion Biologica Piro Puerto Jimenez 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947100388 2001-01-20 USJ C. Morales Costa Rica 10 Parrita Parrita 139 140 1 Puntarenas 4947100299 1993-12-13 CR A. Cascante Costa Rica Mora 850 Bosque Premontano Humedo Paz 139 140 1 San Jose 4947099548 1994-04-27 CR V. Nilsson & A. Ruiz Costa Rica Mora 650 Camino Universidad Ciudada 139 140 1 Colon 4947099344 1994-05-02 CR V. Nilsson Costa Rica Mora 500 Mora Paz 139 140 1 Colon 4947100055 1993-01-06 CR J. Morales Costa Rica Puriscal 500 Santa Rosa de Puriscal Chires 139 140 1 Colon 4947100409 1994-05-28 CR, MO J. Morales Costa Rica Puriscal 200 Mastatal de Puriscal Chires 139 140 1 Colon 4947100088 1995-04-20 CR J. Morales Costa Rica Puriscal 920 Cerro Pelon Chires 139 140 1 Colon 4947100295 1934-12-20 MO C. W. Dodge & P. H. Allen Panama Canal Area 75 9.334444 Quebrada Bonita 21 -79.5975 Drowned forest 139 140 1 4947100214 1931-07-04 MO D. E. Starry Panama 3 9.15 Barro Colorado Island 1300 -79.85 Barro 139 140 1 Colorado 4947099784 1927-08-20 US L. A. Kenoyer United States of America 55 9.15 Barro Colorado Island 1300 -79.85 Barro 139 140 1 Colorado 4947100544 1931-09-30 MO O. E. Shattuck United States of America 80 9.158333 Barro Colorado Island 21 -79.83889 Barro 139 140 1 Colorado 4947099987 1931-09-29 MO O. E. Shattuck United States of America 25 9.16361 Barro Colorado Island 21 -79.83806 Barro 139 140 1 Colorado 4947099335 1925-11-18 1925-11-24 1925-11-18 US P. C. Standley United States of America Barro 60 9.15 Barro Colorado Island 1300 -79.85 Island 139 140 1 Colorado 4947099592 1969-02-12 MO, RSA, US T. B. Croat United States of America 3 9.171667 Barro Colorado Island 21 -79.85611 Barro 139 140 1 Colorado 4947099571 1968-09-26 MO T. B. Croat United States of America 55 9.171667 Barro Colorado Island 21 -79.85611 Barro 139 140 1 Colorado 4947099893 1970-03-30 MO T. B. Croat RSA, US Barro 90 9.155555 Barro Colorado Island 21 -79.852776 Island 139 140 1 Colorado 4947099804 [136,1447,1706,1733] 1968-05-17 MO T. B. Croat RSA, US 3 9.138333 Barro Colorado Island 21 -79.84139 Barro 139 140 1 Colorado 4947100053 1970-06-17 MO T. B. Croat RSA, US 90 9.155555 Barro Colorado Island 21 -79.852776 Barro 139 140 1 Colorado 4947099347 1969-01-15 MO T. B. Croat RSA, US 50 9.162499 Barro Colorado Island 21 -79.84167 Barro 139 140 1 Colorado 4947100361 1969-03-12 MO T. B. Croat RSA, US 50 9.158333 Barro Colorado Island 21 -79.83889 Barro 139 140 1 Colorado 4947100457 1969-01-11 MO T. B. Croat RSA, US 25 9.16361 Barro Colorado Island 21 -79.83806 Barro 139 140 1 Colorado 4947099467 1994-07-23 MO T. B. Croat & G. Zhu RSA, US Madden Forest 140 9.105556 Madden Forest (Parque Nacional Soberania) Las Cruces Trail 21 -79.62222 Parque Nacional Soberania 139 140 1 Colorado 4947099362 1977-09-12 MO J. P. Folsom RSA, US Chiriqui 1500 8.733334 Fortuna Camp 1300 -82.25 Just 139 140 1 Colorado 4947100654 1976-08-15 MO M. D. Correa RSA, US Fortuna 1100 8.75 NE del campamento Fortuna 1300 -82.23333 Hornito 139 140 1 Colorado 4947100165 1976-09-24 MO M. D. Correa RSA, US Fortuna 1100 8.75 NE del campamento de Fortuna 1300 -82.25 Hornito 139 140 1 Colorado 4947100232 1973-02-24 MO R. L. Liesner RSA, US Burica Peninsula. Primary forest 450 140 141 8.3 Burica Peninsula 1301 -82.96667 San Bartolo Limite 139 140 1 Colorado 4947099307 1976-07-14 MO T. B. Croat RSA, US Cerro 1500 8.535278 Cerro Colorado 21 -81.81972 San Felix 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100010 1978-06-20 MO B. E. Hammel RSA, US Cocle 8.666667 El Cope 21 -80.59167 Near Sawmill 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099664 2001-08-18 MO, PMA J. A. Mendieta RSA, US 20 8.984445 La Macha 21 -80.54305 Colon 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099536 [230,1314,338,365] 2001-08-18 MO, PMA J. A. Mendieta RSA, US 20 8.984445 La Macha 21 -80.54305 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099561 1980-04-05 MO T. B. Croat RSA, US 9.566667 Isla Grande. 1299 -79.566666 Along 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099980 1987-10-23 MO B. E. Hammel RSA, US Darien 750 8.066667 Parque Nacional del Darien 1302 -77.26667 Parque Nacional del Darien 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100548 1962-08-10 1962-08-11 1962-08-10 MO J. A. Duke RSA, US 8.016666 House 1302 -77.73333 About 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099385 1973-01 1973-05 1973-01 MO J. M. Gustave Le Clezio RSA, US 8.566667 Upper Rio Tuquesa 1301 -77.7 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100050 1981-01-17 MO N. C. Garwood RSA, US 50 7.4166665 Ensenada del Guayabo 1303 -78.05 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099851 2018-04-06 MO, PMA O. Ortiz RSA, US 699 8.7919445 Serrania de Maje 21 -78.4475 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099699 1985-02-09 MO S. Kane RSA, US Moist 8.383333 Barranquillita 1301 -77.38333 Rio Tupisa 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099801 1982-03-06 MO S. Knapp & J. Mallet RSA, US Trail 50 8.335555 Rio Chucaraque 21 -77.80278 Canglon-Yaviza 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100379 1980-05-14 MO T. Antonio RSA, US Canglon 15 8.325 112 miles from Bayano Dam Bridge 21 -77.833336 Canglon 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099697 1974-08-25 MO T. B. Croat RSA, US Pinogana. Along 600 8.558333 Continental Divide 21 -77.48333 Rio Tuquesa 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100614 1989-01-04 MO G. McPherson RSA, US 600 7.3333335 Above Guanico River 1303 -80.5 Los Santos 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100089 1986-02-21 MO B. E. Hammel & G. McPherson RSA, US Panama 400 9.316667 Valle de Madrono 1300 -79.13333 Comarca de San Blas 140 141 1 Panama 4947099408 1984-01-25 1984-01-26 1984-01-25 MO H. W. Churchill & G. de Nevers RSA, US 100 8.85 Rio Ipeti Grande 1300 -78.566666 Serrania de Maje 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100363 1984-01-23 MO H. W. Churchill & G. de Nevers RSA, US Serrania de Maje. 300 8.916667 Rio Aqua Fria 1300 -78.51667 Rio Ipeti Grande 140 141 300 Colorado 4947099732 2013-05-16 MO, PMA Orlando Ortiz RSA, US Comasa Altos de Cerro Azul 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100155 [787,1110,1202,1229] MO T. B. Croat RSA, US 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100585 Cerro Campana Elevation RSA, US 700 Pan American Highway 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099932 1986-02-13 CM, MO W. S. Hoover RSA, US 700 8.683333 1300 -79.96667 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100433 1995-01-12 MO C. Galdames & C. E. Guerra RSA, US 850 8.683333 Capira 1300 -79.916664 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100573 1977-08-31 MO J. P. Folsom RSA, US 125 8.933611 Torti Arriba 21 -78.42361 Chepo 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099650 1976-05-04 MO T. B. Croat RSA, US 60 9.105834 Along trail between Rio Maje and Quebrada Brava 21 -78.76 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099863 1999-04-27 MO A. Florpan RSA, US 150 9.121111 Parque Nacional Soberania 21 -79.64361 Panama 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099881 1970-07-26 MO T. B. Croat RSA, US 240 9.126945 5 miles above Interamerican Highway on road to Cerro Azul 21 -79.38333 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100094 1985-12-10 MO G. de Nevers RSA, US San Blas 15 9.458333 Mandinga Airport 21 -79.1 Trail 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100564 1967-10-27 MO J. Duke RSA, US Trail 9.45 Trail east of Cangandi-Mandinga airport road 1299 -79.083336 Cangandi-Mandinga 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099826 1982-04-18 MO S. Knapp & J. Mallet RSA, US Puerto Obaldia 8.666667 Puerto Obaldia 1300 -77.4 Colombian 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100150 1982-04-18 MO S. Knapp & J. Mallet RSA, US Along 8.666667 Along the coast NE of Puerto Obaldia towards Colombian border 1300 -77.4 Colombian 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099311 2004-01-27 MO A. Ibanez RSA, US Veraguas 390 7.267778 Parque Nacional Coiba 21 -81.6325 Montijo 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100004 1997-04-26 PMA C. Galdames RSA, US 160 7.2563887 Parque Nacional Coiba 21 -81.79722 140 141 1 Colorado 4947099634 2002-02-26 MO A. Ibanez & A. Camarena RSA, US 30 7.748056 Isla Canales de Tierra 21 -81.57389 Sona. Isla Canales de Tierra. En 140 141 1 Colorado 4947100421 2001-07-02 MO S. Castroviejo RSA, US 7.7333336 Isla Canales de Tierra 1303 -81.583336 Bahia Honda 140 141 1 Colorado