Monstera obliqua Miq., Linnaea 18: 79. 1844
Monstera falcifolia Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 117. 1905
Monstera fendleri Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 117. 1905
Monstera sagotiana Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 117. 1905
Monstera snethlagei Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem
Revision of Monstera (Araceae: Monsteroideae) of Central America
Croat, Thomas B.
Cedeño-Fonseca, Marco
Ortiz, Orlando O.
Phytotaxa
2024
2024-06-27
656
1
1
197
73PRR
Miq., Linnaea
Miq., Linnaea
[189,561,1248,1275]
Liliopsida
Araceae
Monstera
Plantae
Alismatales
126
127
Tracheophyta
species
obliqua
Type:— SURINAME. [ Wanica]: Vredenburger-Zandrits, October 1842, H.C. Focke719( holotypeU n.v., photos: BH, SEL! sheet 006766).
Monstera falcifolia Engler, Bot. Jahrb.37: 117. 1905. TYPE:— BRASIL. Amazonas, Jurua Miry, July 1901, Ule5622 ( holotypeB, photos: BH, GH, US, isotypesK, L!, MG, photo: BH). Monstera fendleri Engler, Bot. Jahrb.37: 117. 1905. TYPE:— TRINIDAD. 1877-1880, Fendler736( holotypeK!, isotypesNY, P!). Monstera sagotiana Engler, Bot. Jahrb.37: 117. 1905. TYPE:— GUYANAFRANCESA, Karouany, Sagot609( holotypeBM!, photo: BH). Monstera snethlagei Krause, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem9: 272. 1925. TYPE:— BRASIL, Maranhão, Jury-assu, Mta. de Allegria, Ketterpflanze im Igapowald, gelb, Hüllblattebenfalls gelb, 14 November 1923, Snethlage327( holotypeB, photos: BH, F!, GH, US).
Nomadic vine, appressed-climbing habit. SEEDLINGS: bearing foliage leaves. JUVENILE PLANTS: root climbers; stemssmooth, dark green; internodes 3–5 cmlong, 2–5 mmdiam.; petioleconspicuous, dark green, smooth, 5–11 cmlong, sheathing to base of the geniculum; petiole sheathdeciduous; bladeslanceolate, truncate at base, acuminate at apex, subcoriaceous, 7–13 × 2–4 cm, not appressed to the phorophyte; fenestrationsabsent. ADULT PLANTS: root climbers; stemssmooth, light to dark green; internodes 2–10 cmlong, 0.3–0.8 mmdiam., 10.0–12.5 times longer than wide; cataphyllslight-green, deciduous but leaving dry fragments on peduncles; anchor rootsblack; feeder rootsblack; petiolelight green, smooth, 5–18 cmlong, sheathing to the geniculum, petiole sheathdeciduous; geniculum smooth, 3–5 mmlong; bladeslanceolate to narrowly elliptical, cuneate at base, acuminate at apex, membranous to subcoriaceous, drying blackish, reddish, light brown or grayish, 12–23 × 3–10 cm, not decurrent on geniculum; midribribbed adaxially, convex abaxially; primary lateral veins4–8 per side, obscure adaxially, prominent abaxially, departing midrib at 35°–50°; secondary veinsinconspicuous; collective veinsnot visible; fenestrationsabsent or scarcely developed (in Central America); marginsentire. INFLORESCENCES on ascending stems, 1–3 simultaneously at flowering time, arranged in the axils of the leaves or cataphylls; pedunclesmooth, 10–17 cmlong, 5–6 mmdiam.; spatheacuminate, light-green during development, yellow externally and white internally at anthesis, the margins towards the apex involute, deciduous at the end of anthesis, up to 4 cmlonger than the spadix; spadixwith green style margins and white at the medial part during development, cream at anthesis, 3–5 × 0.5–1.0 cm; basal sterile flowersscarce or absent; fertile flowers 4–7 mmlong; stamens 1–2 mmlong, with laminar filaments; anthers 1–2 mmlong; ovary square in longitudinal section, ribbed, 1.5–2.0 × 1.5–2.0 mm; style square or hexagonal, 1.5–2.0 × 2.5–3.0 mm; stigma linear; berrieswith a moss-green stylar cap during development, mature stylar cap orange; pulp white; seedsblack, 3–5 mmlong.
Distribution and ecology:— Monstera obliquaranges from Costa Ricato the Pacific slope and adjacent lowlands of the departments of Chocó and Valle in Colombia, and to Venezuela, the Guianas, and throughout the Amazon basin, at 0–1410 m, in Tropical moist forest, Tropical lower montane wet forestand Montane moist forestlife zones.
Phenology:—Flowering has been recorded from July to November. Fruiting in January, March July and November.
Discussion:—The species is a member of sect. Monstera. It differs from the other species of the genus in Costa Ricaby its slender petioles (< 0.5 cmdiam.), sheathed to the base of the geniculum, the entire, narrowly lanceolate, not or hardly fenestrate leaf blade; the infructescence with the stylar layer orange with white pulp beneath. Vegetatively, individuals of Monstera obliquawith fenestrate leaves can be confused with the dry forest morphotype of M. adansonii. Another species with which it could be confused is M. gambensis, which has the petiole rough, persistent petiolar sheaths with involute wings, and is known only from a collection on the Pacific side in the area of La Gamba, Golfito. In its current conception, Monstera obliquais a very variable and widespread species, including forms with widely varying and sometimes extreme leaf fenestration patterns, occurring across much of lowland wet tropical South America. It may be that further study will show that it covers several species. There are a number of synonyms based on South American and West Indian representatives which it is beyond the scope of this paper to evaluate ( Cedeño-Fonseca et al.2022).
Additional specimens examined:— COSTA RICA. COSTA RICA. Limón: Talamanca, Sixaola, San Miguel de Sixaola, Finca -albergue de ASACODE, 35 m, 28 July 1994, (Fr.), J. Sánchezet al. 340( CR!); Talamanca, Bratsi, Suretka, Bosquescercanos al sitio de exploración petrolera, 200 m, 19 July 1995, (Fl., Fr.), A. Cascanteet al. 551( CR!); Limón, Talamanca, Cahuita, Between Bri Bri and Sixaola, NW of Paraíso, Disturbed forest, 50 m, 5 July 1983, (Fr.), K. Barringeret al. 3489( CR!, MO!); Talamanca, Sixaola, Hills between headwaters of Quebrada Mata de Limón and upper branches of Quebrada Tigre, and lowland forest of Quebrada Tigre drainage, Finca Anai, (Sixaola region), 28 m, 18 November 1984, (Fl., Fr.), M.H. Grayumet al. 4458( CR!, MO!); Talamanca, Sixaola, Headwaters of quebrada Mata de Limón, westernmost fork, Finca Anai, (Sixaola region), 23 m, 17 November 1984, (Fr.), M.H. Grayumet al. 4439( CR!, MO!); Talamanca, Cahuita, Gandoca, El Llano entre Fila Manzanillo y Río Creek. Atrás de la playa, 80 m, 27 March 1995, (Fr.), G. Herrera& E. Sandoval7600( CR!); Limón, Valle La Estrella, Fila Espavel, 200 m, 3 July 2000, (Fr.), L. Acosta2117( CR!); Talamanca, Sixaola, Sendero Cerillo, 1 m, 3 March 1999, (Fr.), U. Chavarría1920( CR!); Talamanca, Sixaola, San Miguel, senderos en la ruta a Manzanillo, 30 m, 16 January 1997, (Fr.), J. González1582( CR!); Lugar, Camino entre Fila Dimat y Río Uren, 22 October 1985, (Fr.), L. Gómez23765( MO!); Ca. 10 miles S of Punta Cahuita, 70 m, 11 August 1977, (Infer.), T. Croat43199A( MO!); Talamanca, Bribri, Proyecto ARA, 4 m, 30 September 2018, (Fl., Fr.), M. Cedeñoet al. 1481( USJ!); Talamanca, Bribri, Proyecto ARA, 4 m, 30 September 2018, (Fr.), M. Cedeñoet al. 1482( USJ!). PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Above Chiriquí Grande on side road 10 mi from continental divide; on trail off pipeline trace, 8°55’N, 82°10’W, 300 m, 28 May 1988, G. McPherson12569 ( MO!); Hill just south of Chiriquí Grande; at end of pipeline access road 2 mi N of 2nd large bridge N (10 mi.) of cont. divide, 8°54’N, 82°10’W, 350–500 m, 10 Mar 1986, B.E. Hammelet al. 14743( MO!); Vicinity of Chiriquí Lagoon, 8 Oct 1940, H. Wedel1091( MO!); Milla, 7.5, 26 July 1971, T.B. Croat& D. Porter16277( MO!); Chiriquí: Chiriquí Grande-Fortuna, along Continental Divide from road branching N off main Fortuna-Chiriquí Grande Highway near Continental Divide, 1.1 mi from main highway, 8°44’N, 82°17’W, 1200 m, 11 Mar 1985, T.B. Croat& M.H. Grayum60347( MO!); Coclé: Cerro Pilon near El Valle, 700–900 m, 700–900 m, 10 June 1967, J. Duke12155( MO!). Between Cerro Pilon and El Valle, 700–900 m, 15 Aug 1967, J. Duke13993( MO!); El Valle, 1000 m, 24 Dec 1972, A. Gentry6893( MO!); El Valle; end of road leading to Turstico Hotel, 11 May 1977, J. Folsom3111( MO!); Trail between the Río Blanco and the Continental Divide N of El Cope and El Potroso sawmill, 400–1700 ft, 14 Dec 1980, J. Sytsmaet al. 2580( MO!); Vicinity of El Valle, 600–1000 m, 8 Dec 1938, P. Allen1227( MO!). Mountains beyond La Pintada, 400–600 m, 16 Feb 1935, Hunter& P. Allen544( MO!); Cerro Pilón, 2000–2700 ft, 28 Mar 1969, J. Dwyeret al. 4565( MO!); Continental divide N of Penonome on road to Coclesito, 1600 ft, 25–26 July 1978, B.E. Hammel4039( MO!); Foot of Cerro Pilón, above El Valle de Antón. Rain forest, 2000 ft, 28 Mar 1969, D. Porteret al. 4612( MO!); El Valle de Anton, La Mesa, 1000 m, 1 Apr 1973, Helenet al. 3011( MO!); El Valle site, on the end of the trail from the end of the road to the site, 24 Apr 1968, Kirkbride1082( MO!); Continental divide, 4 mi past Llano Grande on road to Cascajal, NW of Penónome, 500 m, 9 Apr 1981, J. Sytsma3878( MO!); Road from Penonomé to Coclecito, 9 km N of Llano Grande, tributary on Río Caseaja, 11 Oct 1978, W. D’Arcy& B.E. Hammel12282( MO!); Colón: Santa Rita Ridge, Santa Rita(Arriba)-Cerro Azul, 09°20’21’’N, 79°46’47’’W, 200–260 m, 23 July 1990, M.H. Grayum& R. Evans9922( MO!); Santa Rita Ridge Road, 6.5 mi E of Boyd-Roosevelt Hwy, 09°21’15”N, 79°44’00”W, 370 m, 16 July 1994, T.B. Croat& G. Zhu76941( GB, MO, SAR); 25–26 kms from Transisthmica Hwy on Santa Rita Ridge, 09°26’N, 079°37’W, 500 m, 21 Oct 1981, S. Knappet al. 1733( MO!); Santa Rita Ridge, E of Agua Clara rain gauge, 4 March 1973, H. Kennedy2753( MO!); Santa Rita Ridge, In forest on Tassell’s property, 8 Nov 1974, S. Mori& Kallunki3026( MO!); Santa Rita lumber road, 8.7 km E of Transisthimian Highway, 15 June 1977, J. Folsom3690( MO!); Santa Rita Ridge Road, 7.8 km from the Boyd-Roosevelt Hwy, ca 25 km W of Colón, 23 Aug 1975, S. Mori& R. Dressler7907( MO!); Trail S of Río Guanche, on ridge to Cerro Pan de Azúcar, 200 m, 20 Sept 1974, S. Mori& Kallunki2031( MO!); 9 km W of Llano Grande just S of Cascajal, 800 ft, 11 Oct 1978, B.E. Hammel& W. D’Arcy5099( MO!); Darién: Vicinity Cerro Pirre, along trail from base camp to Rancho Frio on slopes of Cerro Pirre, 07°58’N, 77°43’W, 200–450 m, 27 July 1994, T.B. Croat& G. Zhu77130( MO!); Parque Nacional Darién, subiendo por la trocha limitrofe desde Casa Vieja hacia Cerro Sapo, 07°58’N, 78°23’W, 500–800 m, 25 May 1991, G. Herrera et al. 1000( MO!); Parque Nacional Darién, Serranía de Cerro Sapo, por la trocha limitrofe del PND entre Casa Vieja y Cerro Sapo, 07°58’N, 78°23’W, 20–400 m, 24 Nov 1990, G. Herrera& J. Polanco742( MO!); Parque Nacional del Darién. Slopes of Cerro Mali; head waters of S branch of Río Pucuro; ca. 22 km E of Pucuro, 08°04’30”N, 77°14’00”W, 1300–1400 m, 21 Oct 1987, H. Cuadroset al. 3912( MO!); Parque Nacional del Darién. Ridge between Río Topalisa & Río Pucuro ca. 13 km E of Pucuro; Quebrada Pobre to Mi Casita, 8°03’N, 77°20’W, 450–600 m, 14 Oct 1987, G. Neverset al. 8316( MO!); Parque Nacional del DariénRidge between N & S Branches of Río Pucuro; in forest N of old village of Tacarcuna; ca. 18 km E of Pucuro, 8°05’N, 77°16’W, 600–800 m, 24 Oct 1987, B.E. Hammelet al. 16486( MO!); Cerro Tacarcuna Expedition. South slope of Cerro Tacarcuna above Río Pucuro base camp, 700–1000 m, 25 January 1975, A. Gentry& S. Mori13899( MO!, PMA!); Cerro Tacarcuna Expedition. Trail from Pico Mali to old Tacarcuna village on Río Tacarcuna, premontane wet forest, 700 m, 7 Feb 1975, A. Gentry& S. Mori14181( MO!); Cativo Swamp, Río Chucunaque, ca. 1/2 hr below Morti, 18–31 May 1967, J. Duke11749( MO!). 10 km NE of Jaqué, headwaters of Río Pavarandó, 1400 ft, 30 Jan 1981, J. Sytsma& W. D’Arcy3352( MO!); 10 kmNE of Jaqué, ridge between Río Tabuelita and Río Pavarandó, 1400–1600 ft, 1 Feb 1981, W. D’Arcy&. J. Sytsma14551( MO!); Near Jacque at Enseñada del Guayabo, Apr 1980, N. Garwood1024( MO!); Cerro Mali: Cerro Tacarcuna Expedition, Trail from Tacarcuna village on Río Tacarcuna to Cerro Mali, 800–1300 m, 16 Jan 1975, J. Gentry& S. Mori13601( MO!); Parque Nacional Darién: S of Garachine near Pacific coast above Casa Vieja along boundary trail, W flank of Serranía Sapo, 7°58’N, 78°23’W, 150–300 m, 22 May 1991, Hensold1083( MO!, PMA!); Punta Guayabo Grande: N of Punta Guayabo Grande, trail to ridge top, 200–600 ft, 21 Apr 1980, T. Antonio& J. Hahn4346( MO!, PMA!); Panamá: Along trail to Cerro Brewster from Río Pacora Valley, 9°20’N, 79°15’W. Forested slopes c. 650 m, 9°20’N, 79°15’W, 650 m, 21 Nov 1985, G. McPherson7558( MO!); 1 mi N Cerro Azul, 2300 ft, 27 May 1966, E. Tyson& K. Blum4088( FSU, MO); El Llano-Carti Road, 10 km from Interamerican Hwy, 5 Oct 1974, S. Mori& Kallunki2326( MO!); Campo Tres, 3 mi NE of Altos de Pacora, 500–800 m, 10 Mar 1973, R. Liesner578( MO!); Cerro Azul, 23 June 1972, T.B. Croat17304( MO!); El Llano-Cartí Road, 09°16’N, 078°58’W, 1000 ft, 6 Sep 1980, J. Sytsma996( MO!); El Llano-Carti road, 12 km N of Pan. Am. Hwy at El Llano, 400 m, 11 Mar 1974, M. Nee10450( MO!); Cerro Azul, 24 Mar 1969, D. Porteret al. 4070( MO!); D. Porter et al. 4098(MO!); 2–3 mi S of Goofy Lake, road to Cerro Jefe, 2000–2200 ft, 10 Dec 1966, H. Lewiset al. 264( MO!); Near foot of Loma Larga, east of Cerro Azul(Goofy Lake), 5 Apr 1973, R. Dressler4319( MO!, PMA!); vicinity of Finca Neptuno, 3.5 km NE of Lago Cerro Azul on road to Cerro Jefe, 600–800 m, 11 May 1974, M. Nee11524( MO!). El Llano-Carti Road, 9.6 km from Inter-American Highway, 350 m, 26 May 1975, S. Mori& Kallunki6402( MO!); Comarca Guna Yala: Nusagandí, 30 May 1993, Marrianne25( MO!); Trail from mouth of Río Irgandí to a tributary of Río Cartí Senni. Two hours through second growth, one hour through forest, 9°25’N, 78°51’W, 9°25’N, 78°51’W, 20 Dec. 1985, G. Nevers& G. Herrera6580( MO!); Cangandi, 9°24’N, 79°24’W. 9°24’N, 79°24’W, 30 m, 10 Feb 1986, G. Nevers& G. Herrera7041( MO!); Cangandi, hills around village, Assoc: Cespedizia macrophylla, 9°24’N, 79°24’W, 9°24’N, 79°24’W, 50 m, 13 Dec. 1985, G. Neverset al. 6487( MO!, PMA!); El Llano-Cartí Road, 19.1 km from Interamerican Hwy; elev. 350 m.9°19’N, 78°55’W, 9°19’N, 78°55’W, 350 m, 4 Mar 1985, G. Neverset al. 4951( MO!); Campamanto Nusgandi, en ELC a 19.1 km de la vía Panamaericana, Sendero Wedar Igar, 9°11’N, 78°15’W, 200–350 m, 31 Oct 1992, G. Herreraet al. 1265( MO!, PMA!); Nusagandí; El Llano-Cartí Road, 9 mi N of main highway; Nergan Igar (Nergan Trail), 09°20’N, 79°00’W, 350 m, 2 July 1994, T.B. Croat& G. Zhu76563( CM, MO); Trail east of Cangandi-Mandingaairport road, 2–5 mi S of Mandinga airport. 27 Oct 1967, J. Duke14813( MO!); Cerro Habú, trail from Río Sidro, primary wet forest, 09°23’N, 078°49’W, 800–1400 ft, 18 Dec 1980, J. Sytsmaet al. 2635( MO!); On trail to inland village of Armila, 3 to 8 km SW of Puerto Obaldía, 21 June 1975, S. Moriet al. 6798( MO!); Puerto Obaldíaand trail to Colombian Frontier, 0–500 m, 28 Apr 1980, W. D’Arcy13624( MO!); 3–4 hours up Río Mulatupu, 17 Aug 1967, Kirkbride229( MO!); El Llano-Cartíroad, 10.5 mi from Interamerican Hwy, 09°18’N, 079°58’W, 550 m, 14 Mar 1985, T.B. Croat60487( MO!); Nusagandi: Sendero Wedar, 9°18’N, 78°58’W, 300–400 m, 19 July 1986, McDonaghet al. 174( BM); Veraguas: Slopes of Cerro Tute, along trail from between first and second creeks N of height above Alto de Piedra; forest, 08°30’N, 81°07’W, 600–750 m, 21 March 1987, G. McPherson10730( MO!); Trail on ridge to summit of Cerro Tuté, Cordillera de Tute. 1 km past Escuela Agricola Altos de Piedra, just W of Santa Fe, upper montane and elfin forest, 08°36’N, 081°06’W, 1250–1410 m, 15 December 1981, S. Knapp& J. Sytsma2532( MO!); Vicinity of Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra near Santa Fe, 0.3 mi beyond the fork in the road near the agricultural school toward Atlantic coast, along trail to top of Cerro Tute, 1050–1150 m, 29 November 1979, T.B. Croat48887( MO!, PMA!); Carribbean slope above Río Primero Brazo 5 mi NW of Santa Fe, 700–1200 m, 18–19 Mar 1973, R. Liesner801( MO!); Along trail to summit of Cerro Tute, ca. 3 km above Escuela Agricultura Alto Piedra near Santa Fé, 2600–2800 ft, 4 Jan 1981, J. Sytsma& T. Antonio2987( MO!); Vicinity of Escuela Agricultura Alto Piedra, near Santa Fé along trail to top of Cerro Tute, 2800 ft, 3 Apr 1980, T. Antonio3978( MO!); Along road from Santa Fé to Río Calovebora 0.6 mile beyond Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra, 735 m, 4 Apr 1976, T.B. Croat& J. Folsom34133( MO!); 0.6 mi beyond Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra, 730 m, 4 Apr 1976, T.B. Croat& J. Folsom34000( MO!); Caribbean slope above Río Primero Brazo 5 mi NW of Santa Fé, 700–1200 m, 18–19 Mar 1973, T.B. Croat23146( MO!); Road beyond Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra, above Santa Fé, Atlantic watershed, 800–1000 m, 1 Jan 1975, J. Luteyn& R. Wilbur4566( DUKE!); 1 km past Agricultural School, forested slope to the rear. Road from Santa Fe, 1000–1200 m, 5 Feb 1977, J. Folsom& L. Collins1610( MO!).
4947099918
1842-10
BH, SEL
H. C. Focke
Suriname
Vredenburger-Zandrits
126
127
1
Wanica
holotype
4947100254
[324,506,1433,1455]
1901-07
BH
Brazil
Ule
Amazonas
Jurua Miry
126
127
2
holotype
4947099382
[315,498,1505,1527]
NY
Trinidad and Tobago
Fendler
126
127
2
holotype
4947099899
[338,525,1541,1563]
BM, BH
Guyana
Karouany
Sagot
126
127
1
holotype
4947100098
[339,748,1613,1634]
Brazil
Maranhao
126
127
1
Maranhao
4947099338
1923-11-14
BH, GH
United States of America
Jury-assu
Ketterpflanze im Igapowald
Mta. de Allegria
126
127
1
holotype
4947099575
1994-07-28
CR
J. Sanchez
Costa Rica
Talamanca
35
San Miguel de Sixaola
Sixaola
129
130
1
Limon
4947099902
1995-07-19
CR
A. Cascante
Costa Rica
Talamanca
200
Suretka
Bratsi
129
130
1
Limon
4947099994
1983-07-05
CR, MO
K. Barringer
Costa Rica
Talamanca
50
Between Bri Bri and Sixaola
Cahuita
129
130
1
Limon
4947099798
1984-11-18
CR, MO
M. H. Grayum
Costa Rica
Talamanca
28
Sixaola
Sixaola
129
130
1
Limon
4947099951
1984-11-17
CR, MO
M. H. Grayum
Costa Rica
Talamanca
23
Headwaters of quebrada Mata de Limon
Sixaola
129
130
1
Limon
4947099947
1995-03-27
CR
G. Herrera & E. Sandoval
Costa Rica
80
Talamanca
129
130
1
Limon
4947099971
2000-07-03
CR
L. Acosta
Costa Rica
200
Fila Espavel
Valle La Estrella
129
130
1
Limon
4947100638
1999-03-03
CR
U. Chavarria
Costa Rica
Talamanca
1
Sendero Cerillo
Sixaola
129
130
1
Limon
4947099600
1997-01-16
CR
J. Gonzalez
Costa Rica
Talamanca
30
San Miguel
Sixaola
129
130
1
Limon
4947099977
[277,1301,1562,1589]
1985-10-22
MO
L. Gomez
Costa Rica
Lugar
Camino entre Fila Dimat y Rio Uren
Camino
129
130
1
Limon
4947100682
1977-08-11
MO
T. Croat
Costa Rica
70
Ca. 10 miles S of Punta Cahuita
129
130
1
Limon
4947099922
2018-09-30
USJ
M. Cedeno
Costa Rica
Talamanca
4
Bribri
Bribri
129
130
1
Limon
4947100321
2018-09-30
USJ
M. Cedeno
Costa Rica
Talamanca
4
Bribri
Bribri
129
130
1
Limon
4947100307
1988-05-28
MO
G. McPherson
Panama
300
8.916667
Above Chiriqui Grande on side road 10 mi from continental divide
1300
-82.166664
Above
129
130
1
Bocas del Toro
4947099399
1986-03-10
MO
B. E. Hammel
Panama
425
8.9
Grande
1300
-82.166664
Hill
129
130
1
Chiriqui
4947100166
1940-10-08
MO
H. Wedel
Panama
Vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon
Vicinity
129
130
1
Chiriqui
4947099720
[482,1220,1814,1841]
1971-07-26
MO
T. B. Croat & D. Porter
Panama
Milla
129
130
1
Chiriqui
4947099482
1985-03-11
MO
T. B. Croat & M. H. Grayum
Panama
Grande-Fortuna
1200
8.733334
Chiriqui Grande-Fortuna
1300
-82.28333
Continental Divide
129
130
1
Chiriqui
4947100325
[298,1344,1921,1949]
1967-06-10
MO
J. Duke
Panama
800
Cerro Pilon near El Valle
129
130
1
Cocle
4947099680
1967-08-15
MO
J. Duke
Panama
800
Between Cerro Pilon and El Valle
129
130
1
Cocle
4947099492
1972-12-24
MO
A. Gentry
Panama
1000
El Valle
129
130
1
Cocle
4947099842
[288,1243,1994,2021]
1977-05-11
MO
J. Folsom
Panama
El Valle
129
130
1
Cocle
4947099669
1980-12-14
MO
J. Sytsma
Panama
Trail
320
Continental Divide
Rio Blanco
129
130
1
Cocle
4947099686
[324,1094,2066,2093]
1938-12-08
MO
P. Allen
Panama
800
Vicinity of El Valle
129
130
1
Cocle
4947100015
1935-02-16
MO
Hunter & P. Allen
Panama
500
130
131
Mountains beyond La Pintada
129
130
1
Cocle
4947099491
1969-03-28
MO
J. Dwyer
Panama
716
Cerro Pilon
130
131
1
Cocle
4947099458
[224,1447,194,221]
1978-07-25
1978-07-26
1978-07-25
MO
B. E. Hammel
Panama
488
Coclesito
Continental
130
131
1
Cocle
4947099721
[136,1352,230,257]
1969-03-28
MO
D. Porter
Panama
610
Foot of Cerro Pilon
Foot of Cerro Pilon
130
131
1
Cocle
4947099873
1973-04-01
MO
Helen
Panama
1000
El Valle de Anton
130
131
1
Cocle
4947099523
1968-04-24
MO
Kirkbride
Panama
El Valle site
130
131
1
Cocle
4947100104
1981-04-09
MO
J. Sytsma
Panama
Continental
500
Continental divide
Llano Grande
130
131
1
Cocle
4947100364
1978-10-11
MO
W. D'Arcy & B. E. Hammel
Panama
Road
Road from Penonome to Coclecito
Penonome
130
131
1
Cocle
4947100125
1990-07-23
MO
M. H. Grayum & R. Evans
Panama
Santa Rita Ridge
230
9.339167
Santa Rita
21
-79.779724
Santa Rita
130
131
1
Colon
4947100451
1994-07-16
GB, MO, SAR
T. B. Croat & G. Zhu
Panama
370
9.354167
Santa Rita Ridge Road
21
-79.73333
130
131
1
Colon
4947100348
1981-10-21
MO
S. Knapp
Panama
500
9.433333
Transisthmica Hwy on Santa Rita Ridge
1299
-79.61667
130
131
1
Colon
4947100690
1973-03-04
MO
H. Kennedy
Panama
Santa Rita Ridge
130
131
1
Colon
4947100462
1974-11-08
MO
S. Mori & Kallunki
Panama
Santa Rita Ridge
Santa Rita Ridge
In forest
130
131
1
Colon
4947099909
1977-06-15
MO
J. Folsom
Panama
Santa Rita lumber road
130
131
1
Colon
4947100256
1975-08-23
MO
S. Mori & R. Dressler
Panama
Santa Rita Ridge Road
Santa Rita Ridge Road
130
131
1
Colon
4947099941
1974-09-20
MO
S. Mori & Kallunki
Panama
200
Trail S of Rio Guanche
Trail
130
131
1
Colon
4947099464
1978-10-11
MO
B. E. Hammel & W. D'Arcy
Panama
244
9 km W of Llano Grande just S of Cascajal
130
131
1
Colon
4947099935
1994-07-27
MO
T. B. Croat & G. Zhu
Panama
Vicinity Cerro Pirre
325
7.9666667
Vicinity Cerro Pirre
1302
-77.71667
Rancho Frio
130
131
1
Darien
4947099844
1991-05-25
MO
G. Herrera
Panama
Parque Nacional
650
7.9666667
Parque Nacional Darien
1302
-78.38333
Casa Vieja
130
131
1
Darien
4947099552
1990-11-24
MO
G. Herrera & J. Polanco
Panama
210
7.9666667
Parque Nacional Darien
1302
-78.38333
Parque Nacional
130
131
1
Darien
4947100513
1987-10-21
MO
H. Cuadros
Panama
Parque Nacional
1350
8.075
Parque Nacional del Darien
21
-77.23333
Slopes of Cerro Mali
130
131
1
Darien
4947099681
1987-10-14
MO
G. Nevers
Panama
Parque Nacional
525
8.05
Parque Nacional del Darien
1302
-77.333336
Ridge
130
131
1
Darien
4947099748
1987-10-24
MO
B. E. Hammel
Panama
Parque Nacional
700
8.083333
Parque Nacional del Darien
1302
-77.26667
Ridge
130
131
1
Darien
4947100526
1975-01-25
MO, PMA
A. Gentry & S. Mori
Panama
Cerro Tacarcuna Expedition. South
850
Cerro Tacarcuna Expedition
Cerro
130
131
1
Darien
4947099817
1975-02-07
MO
A. Gentry & S. Mori
Panama
Cerro Tacarcuna Expedition. Trail
700
Cerro Tacarcuna Expedition
Pico Mali
130
131
1
Darien
4947099565
[136,1221,1202,1229]
1967-05-18
1967-05-31
1967-05-18
MO
J. Duke
Panama
Cativo Swamp
Rio Chucunaque
Rio Chucunaque
130
131
1
Darien
4947099534
1981-01-30
MO
J. Sytsma & W. D'Arcy
Panama
427
Rio Pavarando
130
131
1
Darien
4947100314
1981-02-01
MO
W. D'Arcy & J. Sytsma
Panama
457
ridge between Rio Tabuelita and Rio Pavarando
Rio Tabuelita
130
131
1
Darien
4947099808
1980-04
MO
N. Garwood
Panama
Near Jacque at Ensenada del Guayabo
Near Jacque
130
131
1
Darien
4947099728
1975-01-16
MO
J. Gentry & S. Mori
Panama
Cerro
1050
Cerro Mali
Cerro Tacarcuna Expedition
130
131
1
Darien
4947100620
1991-05-22
MO, PMA
Hensold
Panama
Parque Nacional
225
7.9666667
Parque Nacional Darien
1302
-78.38333
Pacific
130
131
1
Darien
4947099516
1980-04-21
MO, PMA
T. Antonio & J. Hahn
Panama
122
Punta Guayabo Grande
130
131
1
Darien
4947099850
1985-11-21
MO
G. McPherson
Panama
Along
650
9.333333
Along trail to Cerro Brewster from Rio Pacora Valley
1300
-79.25
Cerro
130
131
1
Panama
4947099855
1966-05-27
FSU, MO
E. Tyson & K. Blum
Panama
701
1 mi N Cerro Azul
130
131
1
Panama
4947099511
[286,1447,1562,1589]
1974-10-05
MO
S. Mori & Kallunki
Panama
El Llano-Carti Road
130
131
1
Panama
4947100210
[136,1148,1598,1625]
1973-03-10
MO
R. Liesner
Panama
650
Campo Tres
130
131
1
Panama
4947099996
1972-06-23
MO
T. B. Croat
Panama
Cerro Azul
130
131
1
Panama
4947099876
[430,1413,1634,1661]
1980-09-06
MO
J. Sytsma
Panama
305
9.266666
El Llano-Carti Road
1300
-78.96667
130
131
1
Panama
4947100247
1974-03-11
MO
M. Nee
Panama
400
El Llano-Carti road
130
131
1
Panama
4947100485
1969-03-24
MO
D. Porter
Panama
Cerro Azul
130
131
1
Panama
4947099520
1966-12-10
MO
H. Lewis
Panama
640
road to Cerro Jefe
130
131
1
Panama
4947100258
1973-04-05
MO, PMA
R. Dressler
Panama
Near
Near foot of Loma Larga
Loma Larga
130
131
1
Panama
4947100312
1974-05-11
MO
M. Nee
Panama
700
Finca Neptuno
Finca Neptuno
130
131
1
Panama
4947099340
1975-05-26
MO
S. Mori & Kallunki
Panama
350
El Llano-Carti Road
130
131
1
Panama
4947099771
1993-05-30
MO
Marrianne
Panama
Comarca Guna Yala
Comarca
130
131
1
Kuna Yala
4947099807
1985-12-20
MO
G. Nevers & G. Herrera
Panama
Trail
9.416667
Trail from mouth of Rio Irgandi to a tributary of Rio Carti Senni
1300
-78.85
Rio Irgandi
130
131
1
Herrera
4947100087
1986-02-10
MO
G. Nevers & G. Herrera
Panama
30
9.4
Cangandi
1300
-79.4
130
131
1
Herrera
4947099395
1985-12-13
MO, PMA
G. Nevers
Panama
Cangandi
50
9.4
Cangandi
1300
-79.4
Assoc
130
131
1
Herrera
4947100570
1985-03-04
MO
G. Nevers
Panama
350
9.316667
19.1 km from Interamerican Hwy
1300
-78.916664
El Llano-Carti Road
130
131
350
Herrera
4947100063
1992-10-31
MO, PMA
G. Herrera
Panama
Campamanto Nusgandi
275
131
132
9.183333
Campamanto Nusgandi
1300
-78.25
Panamaericana
130
131
1
Herrera
4947099494
1994-07-02
CM, MO
T. B. Croat & G. Zhu
Panama
Nusagandi
350
9.333333
Nusagandi
1300
-79.0
El Llano-Carti Road
131
132
1
Herrera
4947100067
1967-10-27
MO
J. Duke
Panama
Trail east of Cangandi-Mandinga
Trail
131
132
1
Herrera
4947099354
1980-12-18
MO
J. Sytsma
Panama
335
9.383333
Cerro Habu
1300
-78.816666
Cerro
131
132
1
Herrera
4947100477
1975-06-21
MO
S. Mori
Panama
On trail to inland village of Armila
On
131
132
1
Herrera
4947100122
1980-04-28
MO
W. D'Arcy
Panama
250
Colombian Frontier
Puerto Obaldia
131
132
1
Herrera
4947099640
[691,1415,372,398]
1967-08-17
MO
Kirkbride
Panama
Rio Mulatupu
131
132
1
Herrera
4947099638
1985-03-14
MO
T. B. Croat
Panama
550
9.3
El Llano-Carti
1300
-79.96667
El Llano-Carti
131
132
1
Herrera
4947099861
[230,1446,442,469]
1986-07-19
BM
McDonagh
Panama
350
9.3
Sendero Wedar
1300
-78.96667
Nusagandi
131
132
1
Herrera
4947099835
1987-03-21
MO
G. McPherson
Panama
675
8.5
Slopes of Cerro Tute
1301
-81.11667
Slopes of Cerro Tute
131
132
1
Veraguas
4947100140
1981-12-15
MO
S. Knapp & J. Sytsma
Panama
Trail
1330
8.6
Trail on ridge to summit of Cerro Tute
1301
-81.1
Cerro
131
132
1
Veraguas
4947099626
1979-11-29
MO, PMA
T. B. Croat
Panama
Vicinity of Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra
1100
Vicinity of Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra near Santa Fe
Santa Fe
131
132
1
Veraguas
4947099531
1973-03-18
1973-03-19
1973-03-18
MO
R. Liesner
Panama
950
Carribbean slope above Rio Primero Brazo 5 mi NW of Santa Fe
Carribbean
131
132
1
Veraguas
4947100338
1981-01-04
MO
J. Sytsma & T. Antonio
Panama
Along
823
Along trail to summit of Cerro Tute
Cerro
131
132
1
Veraguas
4947100355
1980-04-03
MO
T. Antonio
Panama
Vicinity of Escuela Agricultura Alto Piedra
853
Vicinity of Escuela Agricultura Alto Piedra
Santa Fe
131
132
1
Veraguas
4947099867
1976-04-04
MO
T. B. Croat & J. Folsom
Panama
Along
735
Along road from Santa Fe to Rio Calovebora 0.6 mile beyond Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra
Santa Fe
131
132
1
Veraguas
4947099535
1976-04-04
MO
T. B. Croat & J. Folsom
Panama
730
Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra
131
132
1
Veraguas
4947100694
1973-03-18
1973-03-19
1973-03-18
MO
T. B. Croat
Panama
950
Caribbean slope above Rio Primero Brazo 5 mi NW of Santa Fe
Caribbean
131
132
1
Veraguas
4947100250
1975-01-01
DUKE
J. Luteyn & R. Wilbur
Panama
Road
900
Road beyond Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra
Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra
131
132
1
Veraguas
4947100605
1977-02-05
MO
J. Folsom & L. Collins
Panama
Agricultural School
1100
1 km past Agricultural School
Road
131
132
1
Veraguas