Eight new species of Andrena Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae) from Israel — a Mediterranean hotspot for wild bees Pisanty, Gideon Scheuchl, Erwin Dorchin, Netta Zootaxa 2016 4189 3 485 515 62BS5 [151,257,583,609] Insecta Andrenidae Andrena Animalia Hymenoptera 2 487 Arthropoda genus   Female( Fig. 1A). Body length: 5–5.5 mm.  Color.Head, mesosoma and terga black to dark brown; head, mesonotum, scutellum and metanotum sometimes with weak metallic hue. Apical half of mandible reddish-brown. Flagellomeres 3–10 reddish-orange anteriorly ( Fig. 1C), reddish-brown posteriorly. Legs and sterna brown. Tergal marginal zones yellowish-brown ( Fig. 2C). Wings transparent, veins brown ( Fig. 2A).  Pubescence.Head and dorsal side of mesosoma with short, yellowish-white plumose hairs ( Fig. 1C, G). Mandibles with simple hairs of varying length. Facial foveae hairs brown in dorsal view ( Fig. 1G). Anterior side of mesepisternum with long, white plumose hairs. Propodeal corbicula incomplete, posterodorsal margin with long, white, strongly plumose hairs. Surface of corbicula with few long, white, simple hairs. Legs with mostly white hair. Flocculus hairs plumose; scopal hairs mostly simple. Discs of terga 1–2 almost bare, 3 and especially 4–5 with short inconspicuous hairs ( Fig. 2C). Terga 2–3 with weak lateral tufts of hair. Premarginal line of tergum 4 with continuous weak band of sparse golden hairs. Prepygidial fimbria golden ( Fig. 2C). Sterna with white hairs, longer and more plumose towards marginal zone.  Head( Fig. 1C, E, G). Slightly broader than long ( Fig. 1C). Galea shagreened. Labral process narrow, curvedtrapezoidal. Clypeus convex, somewhat shiny, strongly shagreened except near apex, sparsely and very shallowly punctured, distance between punctures 2–4 puncture diameters, puncture size medium ( Fig. 1E). Facial foveae long, occupying about 1/2 of paraocular area width, slightly tapering at lower part, shallow above and deepening downwards, extending from level of lower end of lateral ocellus to slightly below lower end of antennal socket ( Fig. 1C, G). Flagellomere 1 slightly longer than broad, shorter than or equal to 2+3; 2–3 broader than long, 2 slightly shorter than or equal to 3; 4–5 almost square ( Fig. 1C). Distance of fovea from lateral ocellus 1–1.5 ocellus diameters. Ocelloccipital distance 1/2–3/4 ocellus diameter ( Fig. 1G).  Mesosoma( Figs. 1G, 2A). Dorsolateral angle of pronotum not to very weakly elevated. Mesonotum and scutellum strongly shagreened allover but shiny, sparsely and very shallowly punctured, distance between punctures 2–4 puncture diameters, puncture size medium ( Fig. 1G). Mesepisternum shagreened-alveolate. Propodeal corbicula reticulately shagreened. Propodeal triangle finely reticulated. Basal part of propodeum broad, almost horizontal ( Fig. 1G). Hind leg pretarsal claws with hint of minute inner tooth. Submarginal crossvein 1 reaching marginal cell 0–2 vein widths from stigma ( Fig. 2A). Recurrent vein 1 meeting submarginal cell 2 at 1/3– 1/2 of distance between submarginal cells 1–2. Nervulus strongly antefurcal, distance from basal vein 2.5–4.5 vein widths ( Fig. 2A).  Metasoma( Fig. 2C). Terga shiny, shagreened and impunctate. Marginal zones 2–4 depressed. Pygidial plate concave, shagreened.  Male( Fig. 2E). Body length: 4.5–5 mm.  Color.Flagellomeres 3–11 reddish-brown anteriorly, reddish-brown to brown posteriorly ( Fig. 2G). Rest of body similar to female (clypeus and paraocular area black).  Pubescence.Clypeus, vertex, paraocular, supraclypeal and genal areas, mesepisternum, mesonotum, scutellum and lateral parts of propodeum with long white to golden plumose hairs. Legs with white hairs. Metasomal hair as in female.   FIGURE 1.  Andrena israelica  n. sp.( A, C, E, G) and  A. judaea  n. sp.( B, D, F, H), females: A–B, habitus, lateral view; C–D, head, anterior view; E–F, clypeus; G–H, head and mesosoma, dorsal view.   FIGURE 2.  Andrena israelica  n. sp.( A, C, E, G) and  A. judaea  n. sp.( B, D, F, H): A–B, female, forewing (arrow indicates nervulus–basal vein distance); C–D, female, metasoma, dorsal view; E–F, male, habitus, lateral view; G–H, male, head, anterior view.  Head( Fig. 2G). Flagellomere 1 about as long as broad, slightly longer than 3; 2–3 broader than long, 2 shorter than 3; 4–5 square. Rest of head similar to female.  Mesosoma.Similar to female, but shagreenation of mesonotum and scutellum stronger.  Metasoma.Similar to female.  Genitalia and hidden sterna( Figs. 12A, 13A). Dorsal lobe of gonocoxite short and rounded. Gonostylus flat, elongate, slightly broadening apically. Penis valves long and narrow, tapering apically, apex needlelike ( Fig. 12A). Sternum 8 columnar, elongate, ventral side with dense long hairs, apex broadened ( Fig. 13A).   Differential diagnosis.  A. israelicais characterized by the combination of a finely reticulated propodeal triangle, relatively broad and not much tapering facial foveae, and black male clypeus, which distinguishes it from most members of Aciandrena, Graecandrenaand Micrandrena. Additional important features include the small body size, shiny cuticle (especially the mesonotum), convex, weakly punctured, mostly shagreened clypeus, and strongly antefurcal nervulus. The female of  A. israelicaclosely resembles that of  A. judaea  n. sp., but differs from it in the following characters: head and mesosoma often with metallic hue, hairs covering facial fovea brown in dorsal view (whitish in  A. judaea, Fig. 1G–H), punctation of mesonotum and especially clypeus weaker and sparser ( Fig. 1E–F), nervulus usually more strongly antefurcal ( Fig. 2A–B), and shagreening of terga 1–2 weaker ( Fig. 2C– D).  Flight period:February–April.   Flower records:none. The majority of specimens collected from pan traps.   Etymology.The species is named after the State of Israel, where it was collected and appears to be common. The names of the closely related species  A. israelicaand  A. judaeaallude to the neighboring biblical kingdoms of Israeland Judah, whose boundaries loosely reflect the species' currently known distributions.     Holotype:Ƌ, ISRAEL: Lakhish, 5kmENE,  18.ii.2013, T. Shapira[ SMNHTAU].    Paratypes: ISRAEL: Alonim,  17.iii, H. Bytinski-Salz( 1♀)a; Bet Nir,  28.iii.2010, G. Pisanty( 1♀);  Bet Oren,  23.iii.1973, A. Freidberg( 2♀)a,b; Devira,  12.iv.2009, L. Friedman(1Ƌ); Ein Avazim, SQyriat Shemona,  6.iii.1995, R. Kasher( 1♀, 1Ƌ); Elon,  8.iii.1970, H. Bytinski-Salz( 2♀, 1Ƌ)a; En Harod,  5.iii.1948, H. Bytinski-Salz( 1♀)a; Haifa,  17.ii.1973, A. Freidberg( 6♀, 8Ƌ)a; 26.ii.1977, A. Freidberg (1♀);  HareGilboa', Merav,  420m,  11.iv.2011, A. Freidberg( 1♀);  Kohav Ya'ir,  160m,  16.ii.2010, L. Friedman( 1♀);  Kfar Menahem,  1.iii.2008, Y. Mandelik( 3♀, 1Ƌ); 2.iii.2008, U. Roll (1♀);  Kineret,  4.iii.1968, H. Bytinski-Salz( 1♀, 1Ƌ)a; Lahav,  27.ii.1974, A. Freidberg(1Ƌ)a; Lakhish, 2kmE,  22.ii.2012, T. Shapira(2Ƌ); 4.iii.2016, G. Pisanty (1♀);  Lakhish, 2.5kmENE,  6.iii.2013, T. Shapira( 3♀, 1Ƌ); 13.iv.2013, T. Shapira (3♀);  Lakhish, 3kmNE,  19.ii.2016, G. Pisanty( 1♀, 2Ƌ); 26.ii.2016, G. Pisanty (1♀, 1Ƌ); 4.iii.2016, G. Pisanty (1Ƌ); Lakhish, 5kmENE, 18.ii.2013, T. Shapira (38♀, 49Ƌ); 7.iii.2013, T. Shapira (13♀, 1Ƌ); 19.iii.2013, T. Shapira (9♀, 1Ƌ); 8.iv.2013, T. Shapira (18♀);  Monfort,  10.iii.1981, F. Kaplan( 2♀);  Nahal Oren,  4.iii.1975, F. Kaplan( 1♀);  Nahal' Iyyon,  430m,  15.iii.2011, A. Freidberg(1Ƌ); Ramat Hanadiv,  13.ii.2013, T. Shapira( 3♀, 1Ƌ); Tel Kazir,  5.iii.1968, H. Bytinski-Salz( 1♀)a. WEST BANK: Nahal Teqoa',  31.iii.2009, A. Freidberg& M. Guershon( 8♀) [ AMNH, ES, OLML, SMNHTAU, USNM, ZSMC]. a These specimens bear a red “ Paratype” label and a white label “  Andrena minutissimaWar.det. Dr. Warncke”. b This specimen bears a red “ Holotype” label and a white label “  Andrena minutissimaWar.det. Dr. Warncke”.    Othermaterial examined: ISRAEL: Dovev,  19.iv.2015, O. Winberger( 1♀, 1Ƌ); Lakhish, 2.5kmENE,  20.iii.2013, T. Shapira( 1♀);  Lakhish, 5kmENE,  8.iv.2013, T. Shapira( 1♀);  Ramat Hanadiv,  13.ii.2013, T. Shapira( 1♀);  Malkiyya,  28.iv.2015, O. Winberger( 1♀);  Ramot Naftali,  5.iv.2015, O. Winberger( 2♀).   Remarks.The subgeneric classification of  A. israelicais not sufficiently clear. The species exhibits a unique combination of characters (especially those of the facial foveae and propodeal triangle), which does not conform well to any particular subgenus, and appears to fall between Aciandrenaand Micrandrena. The species was originally recognized as new by Klaus Warncke, who labeled a holotypeand numerous paratypesunder the name  A. minutissima. Warncke donated a considerable number of his intended paratypesto other collections, but was killed in a car accident in Egyptin 1993 before he could publish a proper description of this species. Consequently,  A. minutissimais a nomen nudum and there may be many samples in a number of European collections, which are incorrectly labeled as types. Adding to the confusion, Osytshnjuk (1995)described a different, Eastern Palaearctic species of  Andrenaunder the name  A. minutissima. We have therefore chosen a new name for Warncke's species—  A. israelica. 1324964113 [199,1113,908,933] 2013-02-18 SMNHTAU T. Shapira Israel Lakhish 5 490 1 holotype 1324964115 [199,1312,943,971] 2010-03-28 H. Bytinski-Salz & G. Pisanty Israel Bet Nir Alonim 5 490 2 2 paratype 1324964128 1948-03-05 2009-04-12 1948-03-05 A. Freidberg & L. Friedman & Ein Avazim, S & R. Kasher & H. Bytinski-Salz Israel Bet Oren 5 490 12 12 Haifa paratype 1324964112 2011-04-11 A. Freidberg Israel 420 Merav HareGilboa' 5 490 1 1 Haifa paratype 1324964116 [340,907,1099,1124] 2010-02-16 L. Friedman Israel 160 Kohav Ya'ir 5 490 1 1 Haifa paratype 1324964119 2008-03-01 Y. Mandelik Israel Kfar Menahem 5 490 3 3 Haifa paratype 1324964122 1968-03-04 2012-02-22 1968-03-04 H. Bytinski-Salz & A. Freidberg & T. Shapira Israel Kineret 5 490 1 1 Haifa paratype 1324964133 2013-03-06 T. Shapira Israel Lakhish 5 490 3 3 Haifa paratype 1324964132 [693,1269,1212,1237] 2016-02-19 G. Pisanty Israel Lakhish 5 490 1 1 Haifa paratype 1324964123 1981-03-10 F. Kaplan Israel Monfort 5 490 2 2 Haifa paratype 1324964126 [219,655,1320,1345] 1975-03-04 F. Kaplan Israel Nahal Oren 5 490 1 1 Haifa paratype 1324964136 1968-03-05 2013-02-13 1968-03-05 AMNH, OLML, SMNHTAU, USNM, ZSMC A. Freidberg & T. Shapira & H. Bytinski-Salz & M. Guershon West Bank Nahal 430 Ramat Hanadiv Iyyon 5 490 12 12 paratype 1324964130 2013-03-20 2015-04-19 2013-03-20 O. Winberger & T. Shapira Israel Other Dovev 5 490 2 2 1324964131 [474,996,1545,1570] 2013-04-08 T. Shapira Israel Lakhish 5 490 1 1 1324964155 2013-02-13 T. Shapira Israel Ramat Hanadiv 5 490 1 1 1324964140 [219,687,1581,1606] 2015-04-28 O. Winberger Israel Malkiyya 5 490 1 1 1324964143 [700,1207,1581,1606] 2015-04-05 O. Winberger Israel Ramot Naftali 5 490 2 2