Three new species of Uvariodendron (Annonaceae) from coastal East Africa in Kenya and Tanzania
Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J.
Mbago, Frank M.
Luke, W. R. Quentin
Couvreur, Thomas L. P.
PhytoKeys
2021
2021-03-12
174
107
126
2976C7E0-5702-539E-AA38-491AF3B2B704
Dagallier & Couvreur
Dagallier & Couvreur
2021
Magnoliopsida
Annonaceae
Uvariodendron
CoL
Plantae
Uvariodendron mbagoi
Magnoliales
0
107
Tracheophyta
species
mbagoi
sp. nov.
Type. Tanzania- Tanga• L.- P. M. J. Dagallier39 ( holotype: MPU( MPU1375316), isotypes: DSM, K, MO, MPU( MPU1375317), P, WAG); Handeni District, Kwedijela forest, ca. 8 kmfrom Kwamsisi village; 5°54'50.12"S, 38°36'12.35"E; alt. 156 m; 13 Nov. 2019.
Diagnosis. Differs from other Uvariodendronspecies by its stiff greyish-green leaves with slightly revolute margins, the strong bergamot scent (the citrusy smell of Citrus bergamiaRisso, between lemon and orange scent) of crushed leaves and bark, its globose flower buds easily falling off and its tomentose fruits having regular tufts of higher hair density. Differs from Uvariodendron kirkiiby having smaller leaves when looking at the greater leaves ( 157 mmmaximum vs. 210 mmmaximum) (Table 1).
Description. Tree or shrub 3-6 mtall, 5-10 cmin diameter at breast height (d.b.h.), slash with strong bergamot smell (the citrusy smell of Citrus bergamiaRisso); young branches sparsely pubescent to glabrous, old branches glabrous. Leaves distichous, simple, entire, margins slightly revolute, stiff, greyish-green. Petiole 3-6.5 mmlong, 1.2-3 mmin diameter, young petiole sparsely pubescent to glabrous, old petiole glabrous. Leaf lamina 76-157 mmlong, 31-59 mmwide, length:width ratio 2.2-3.5, narrowly elliptic to elliptic to narrowly obovate, between coriaceous and cartilaginous, apex acute to shortly acuminate, acumen 5-10 mmlong, base acute to slightly decurrent (sometimes cuneate), above glabrous, below sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young, glabrous when old; mid rib sunken above, raised below, above glabrous when young and old, below sparsely pubescent to glabrous when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 10-14 pairs, weakly brochidodromous, indistinct to slightly impressed above, slightly raised to raised below, inter-secondary veins absent; tertiary veins reticulate. Inflorescence borne on trunk or old branches, of 1-2 (3) flowers. Flower sessile or subsessile, pedicel 0-0.6 mmlong, 2 mmin diameter. Flowers actinomorphic, hermaphroditic, buds globose 5-9 mmin diameter, velutinous, falling off very easily. Only flower buds and old fallen flowers seen. Bracts 2-5, at base of the pedicel, upper bract 5-8 mmlong, 10-15 mmwide, appressed, enclosing bud, pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Sepals 3, ca. 7-8 mmlong, ca. 7-12 mmwide (measures taken from bud), imbricate, enclosing the petals in bud, velutinous outside, glabrous inside. Outer petals 3, ca. 4 mmlong, ca. 4 mmwide (measures taken from bud). Inner petals 3, ca. 5 mmlong, ca. 5 mmwide (measures taken from bud), shortly velutinous outside, glabrous inside. Stamens more than 400, mature length unknown, anthers linear, connective truncate. Carpels 12-16, ca. 1.5 mmlong, ca. 1 mmwide (measures taken from old flower), velutinous, stigma coiled. Fruiting pedicel 0-6 mmlong, ca. 4 mmin diameter, pubescent. Monocarps 1-7, 20- 50 mmlong, 10-12 mmwide, length:width ratio 2-4.5, cylindrical, generally curved, showing constrictions and longitudinally ridged, green-grey, tomentose with regular tufts of higher hair density, shortly stipitate, stipe 0-1.5 mmlong, 5 mmwide, tomentose. Seeds 4-17 per monocarp, uniseriate to biseriate, 8-8.5 mmlong, 5.5-6 mmwide, glabrous. Figure 1. Uvariodendron mbagoi Atrunk with flower buds Byoung branch C, Dentire leaf: Clower side Dupper side E-Hpre-anthetic flower bud: Eon trunk (bottom) and fallen flower bud (top) Fseen from top with sepals removed Gseen from top with outer petals removed Hlongitudinal section; brbract, cacarpel, ipinner petal, opouter petal, sesepal, ststamen I-MFruit: Ientire with 7 monocarps Jindumentum Kseed Ltangential cut Mlongitudinal cut. Photos by L.-P. M.J. Dagallier from the specimens U. Bloesch s.n. ( F, G), L.-P.M.J. Dagallier 39 ( B, E, H, J, L), 40 ( A, C, D) and 50 ( I). Scale bars: 10 mmunless stated.
Habitat. Closed evergreen forest dominated by Scorodophloeus fischeri, on coral rag soil. Altitude: 90-340 meters.
Distribution. Endemic to Tanzania; only known from seven locations: Kimboza Forest, Msata Hill, Kwedijela forest, Kwedivikilo sacred forest, Mkwaja Ranch, Mkulumuzi river, and Hale (Fig. 2). Figure 2.Map of the distribution of the three new Uvariodendronspecies. Protected areas are represented in grey shades (see Material and Methods for details). The red cross indicates Kilulu hill, where Uvariodendron dzomboensewas expected to occur but was not found.
Conservation status. This species is known from 11 records in seven locations. The current occurrence of the species in Mkulumuzi river and Hale is really unlikely given that these are now (sub)urban areas and that these records date back, respectively, more than 30 years and over a century. Changes in traditional practices and exploitation of traditionally protected forests had been observed more than 20 years ago ( Mwihomeke et al. 1998). This indicates that the current occurrence of the species in Kwedivikilo sacred forest is uncertain. Kwedijela forest is a locality under deforestation pressure with local crops slowly gaining ground (L-P. M. J. Dagallier and F. Mbago, field observations). However, the occurrences of the species in Kwedijela forest are 500 meters from the limit of Saadani National Park ( SNP), so the species is likely to occur within the SNPwhere the protection is strict. The only record of this species occurring within a protected area is in Kimboza Forest Reserve, which has been threatened by encroachment, logging and invasion by the exotic Cedrela odorata L. ( Hall and Rodgers 1986, Patrick 2008). For the reasons explained above, we removed the occurrences in Mkulumuzi river and Hale from the calculations of extent of occurrence ( EOO) and the area of occupancy ( AOO). Considering the five remaining localities, the EOO is 3867 km2 and AOO is 20 km2. Following IUCNcriterion B( IUCN 2012), Uvariodendron mbagoiis therefore assigned a preliminary status of Endangered EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv).
Vernacular names. Zigua (or Chizigua) language: Mchenene, Msenene ( C. M. Kisena 3039), Mkenene ( T. L. P. Couvreur 3, L-P. M. J. Dagallier 39, F. Mbago 3323).
Uses. The bark is used as a spice for meat meals and for tea.
Additional field notes. Foodplant of Graphium kirbyi( Papilionidae) ( T. C. E. Congdon 532).
Etymology. Namedafter Mr. Frank Mbago, curator of the Dar es-Salaam Universityherbarium ( DSM), to whom we owe the discovery of this species, and in honor of his botanic knowledge and fieldwork expertise in Tanzania, in particular of Annonaceae. He is also co-discoverer of the endemic Tanzanian genus Mwasumbia( Couvreur et al. 2009).
Paratypes. Tanzania- Morogoro• L.- P. M. J. Dagallier50 ( DSM, K, MO, MPU( MPU1379109), P, WAG); Morogoro Rural District, Kimboza forest; 7°01'18.38"S, 37°48'32.13"E; alt. 267 m; 15 Nov. 2019. - Pwani• U. Bloeschs.n. ( WAG( WAG.1549674; WAG.1418750), Kwedijela Coastal Forest, T3; 5°55'00"S, 38°36'00"E; 18 Sep. 2004. • T. L. P. Couvreur3 ( DSM, WAG); Bagamoyo District, Mazizihill, on road between Chilinze and Wami River; 6°22'14.4"S, 38°21'51"E; alt. 100 m; 09 Nov. 2006. • L.- P. M. J. Dagallier1 ( DSM, K, MO, MPU( MPU1379043, MPU1379066), P, WAG), Msata Hill, 30 kmNorth of Chalinze; 6°22'17.78"S, 38°21'49.97"E; alt. 317 m; 06 Nov. 2019. - Tanga• T. C. E. Congdon532 ( K); Pangani District, Mkwaja Ranch; 5°48'50.76"S, 38°47'40.92"E; alt. 90 m; 04 Dec. 1998. • L.- P. M. J. Dagallier40 ( DSM, K, MO, MPU( MPU1379099), P, WAG); Handeni District, Kwedijela forest, ~ 8 kmKwamsisi village; 5°54'50.77"S, 38°36'13.27"E; alt. 155 m; 13 Nov. 2019. • W. D. Hawthorne1420 A( K); Tanga District, Mkulumuzi river, karst river valley, Steinbruch reserve; 5°06'00"S, 39°01'00.12"E; 12 Aug. 1982. • C. M. Kisena3039 ( MO); Handeni District, Collected from Kwedivikilosacred forest near Manga Village; 5°06'00"S, 30°37'00"E; 17 Nov. 1997. • F. M. Mbago3323 ( DSM, K); Handeni District, Kwedijela forest, ~ 8 kmKwamsisi village; 5°54'50.77"S, 38°36'13.27"E; 07 Oct. 2004. • G. A. Peter52283 ( B, WAG, K), Inseln des Panganibei Hale; 5°17'34.8"S, 38°36'14.06"E; alt. 340 m; 31 Jan. 1915.
Discussion. Uvariodendron mbagoiis unique within Uvariodendronfor the strong bergamot ( Citrus bergamiaRisso) scent of the crushed leaves and bark. This scent is between lemon and orange scent. Other African Annonaceaespecies present strong scents. For example, Uvariodendron anisatumVerdcourt ( Verdcourt 1955) presents an aniseed scent, and Uvariodendron molundense(Diels) R. E.Fries var. Uvariodendron molundense citrataLe Thomas ( Le Thomas 1969) and Uvariopsis citrataCouvreur & Niangadouma ( Couvreur and Niangadouma 2016), present a lemon scent. However, no bergamot scent has been reported so far in Annonaceae. The globose flower buds of this species easily fall off. Only flower buds were observed for this species, thus it is hard to infer the size of mature flowers. In the description above, the measures on the sepals and the petals are based on the dissection of the biggest flower bud of U. Bloesch s.n., and the carpel measurements were based on an old flower of T. C. E. Congdon 532 which has lost sepals and petals. The fruiting specimens observed were collected from September to December. Collecting this species earlier in the year might permit the observation of flowers at anthesis.
3063624325
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
L, P, M
Tanzania
Tanga
1
Tanga
holotype
3063624345
2019-11-13
MPU, DSM, K, MO, P, WAG
Tanzania
Dagallier
156
-5.9139223
Kwedijela forest
1
38.603428
Handeni District
MPU1375316, MPU1375317
1
Tanga
holotype
3063624317
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
DSM
Named & Mr. Frank Mbago & University
Tanzania
Dar es-Salaam
1
Dar es Salaam
3063624304
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
L, P, M, J
Tanzania
Morogoro
1
Morogoro
paratype
3063624359
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
DSM, K, MO, MPU, P, WAG
Tanzania
Dagallier
MPU1379109
1
paratype
3063624301
2019-11-15
Rural District
Tanzania
267
-7.0217724
Kimboza forest
1
37.808926
1
Morogoro
paratype
3063624360
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
U
Tanzania
Pwani
1
Pwani
paratype
3063624354
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
WAG
Tanzania
Kwedijela Coastal Forest
Bloesch
T3
1
paratype
3063624324
2004-09-18
T, L, P
Tanzania
-5.9166665
21
38.6
1
paratype
3063624339
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
DSM, WAG
Tanzania
Couvreur
1
paratype
3063624308
2006-11-09
L, P, M, J
Tanzania
100
-6.370667
Mazizi
15
38.364166
Bagamoyo District
1
Bagamoyo District
paratype
3063624312
2019-11-06
DSM, K, MO, MPU, P, WAG
Msata Hill
Tanzania
317
-6.371606
Dagallier
1
38.36388
MPU1379043, MPU1379066
1
paratype
3063624307
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
T, C, E
Tanzania
Tanga
1
Tanga
paratype
3063624309
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
K
Tanzania
Congdon
1
paratype
3063624353
1998-12-04
L, P, M, J
Tanzania
90
-5.8141003
Mkwaja Ranch
1
38.7947
Pangani District
1
Pangani District
paratype
3063624349
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
DSM, K, MO, MPU, P, WAG
Tanzania
Dagallier
MPU1379099
1
paratype
3063624318
2019-11-13
W
Tanzania
155
-5.914103
Kwedijela forest
1
38.603683
1
Handeni District
paratype
3063624326
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
A, K
Tanzania
Hawthorne
1
paratype
3063624341
1982-08-12
C, M
Tanzania
-5.1
Steinbruch reserve
15
39.0167
Mkulumuzi river
1
Tanga
paratype
3063624347
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
MO
Tanzania
Kisena
1
paratype
3063624329
1997-11-17
F, M
Tanzania
Handeni District
-5.1
Manga Village
21
30.616667
Kwedivikilo
1
Handeni District
paratype
3063624355
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
DSM, K
Tanzania
Mbago
1
paratype
3063624351
2004-10-07
G, A
Tanzania
-5.914103
Kwedijela forest
1
38.603683
1
Handeni District
paratype
3063624302
1915-01-31
B, WAG, K
Hale
Tanzania
340
-5.2929997
Inseln des Pangani
1
38.603905
Peter
1
paratype