Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs Nielsen, Gregory J. Kaminski, Lucas A. Zootaxa 2018 2018-11-20 4524 1 1 32 6Q5MK Herrich-Schäffer 1850 [151,417,680,706] Insecta Riodinidae Leucochimona GBIF Animalia Lepidoptera 17 18 Arthropoda species lagora   Description of immature stages. Egg( Figs. 93–94). Embryonic development 9 days (n = 2). Diameter 0.51 mm(n = 5). Pale yellow-cream when freshly laid, spherical with a flat bottom and a pattern of small hexagons cells armed with small spines on the rib intersections. Micropylar area centered on the top.  First instar( Fig. 95). Duration 3–4 days (n = 5). Head capsule width 0.26-0.28 mm(n = 5). Newly hatched larvae are approximately 1.1 mm, maximum length 2 mm. Head capsule light tan, stemmata black; body whitish and dorsally green from the intestinal content. Dorsal setae on each segment dark brown; the lateral setae whitish.  Second instar( Fig. 96). Duration 3 days (n = 2). Head capsule width 0.54 mm, maximum body length 4 mm. Color pattern and morphology similar to first instar, but with more numerous and larger setae.  Third instar.Duration 3 days (n = 2). Head capsule width 0.84 mm, maximum body length 8 mm. Head light tan, body greenish with black setae dorsally and white setae laterally.  Fourth instar( Fig. 97). Duration 4 days (n = 5). Head capsule width 1.15 mm, maximum length 11 mm. Head light tan; body medium green with black setae dorsally and white setae laterally; spiracles white.  Fifth (last) instar( Figs. 98–100). Duration 5 days, 3 days feeding and 2 as prepupa (n = 5). Head capsule width 1.9 mm, light green, stemmata black. Maximum body length 20 mm. Dorso yellowish-green during feeding ( Fig. 98), prepupa turning darker green with white spots and a rosy coloration on the lateral lobes ( Fig. 99). TNOs are a contrasting lighter green on A8 ( Fig. 100).  Pupa( Figs. 101–104). Duration 11–12 days (n = 5). Length 10.6–12.6 mm(n = 7), width at A2 = 3.7 mm. Two color morphs were observed. Two days after pupation the wing pads turned from green to either white or dark brown ( Figs. 101–102). Body color green. Anterior edge of prothorax medium brown followed by a white irregular band. Mesothorax with a pair of reddish brown tubercles. Metathorax with a pair of anterior dark brown spots. A2 crested, anterior green, crest gold-brown. Spiracle of A2 raised and slit-shaped. On A4–A8, lateral area below spiracles black; spiracles white. Segments A9 to A10 red brownish dorsally. Short upright setae on thoracic segments, pointing posteriorly on abdomen. Longer setae on A2 crest and T2 tubercles. Eyes setose. Silk girdle passes over A1 or A2.