A taxonomic revision of Keraunea, including three new species and its phylogenetic realignment with Ehretiaceae (Boraginales) Moonlight, Peter W. Cardoso, Domingos Benicio Oliveira Silva PhytoKeys 2023 2023-02-20 219 145 170 38DDCC77-E08B-56E9-8AD3-83390FFB49FC Lombardi, Phytotaxa 181: 54. 2014. Lombardi, Phytotaxa 181: 54. 2014. Magnoliopsida Ehretiaceae Keraunea CoL Plantae Keraunea capixaba Boraginales 0 145 Tracheophyta species capixaba   Fig. 5   Type.    Brazil.  EspiritoSanto: Mun. Jaguare, perto da Comunidade SaoJorge de Padua, sentido para  Fatima, 18°54'29.0"S, 40°8'44.9"W, 26 Sep. 2013,  G.S. Siqueira891( holotype: CVRD [acc. # 14565]; isotypes HRCB [acc. # 76196], SP [ SP003725]).  Description. Scandent shrub or liana, to ca. 4 m. Stems cylindrical, hollow, 2-4 mm in diameter, glabrescent, rarely branching, internodes 2.4-11.5 cm long; side shoots 1.3-5.5 cm long, glabrescent. Leaves of main stem with the blades 7.0-13.5 x2.1-4.5 cm, elliptic, glabrescent, the venation pinnate, camptodromous, with 4-6 secondary veins; the base cuneate, the margins entire, ciliate, the apex attenuate; petioles 5-6.5 mm long, straight. Side shoots with 4-6 leaves, these progressively larger along the shoot; blades 1-9.5 x0.5-6.5 cm, ovate, rarely obovate or broadly ovate, glabrescent, the venation as on leaves of the main stem, the base cuneate to rounded, the margins entire, rarely crenulate toward the apex ( Siqueira 891), ciliate, the apex acute to rounded; petioles 5.5-12 mm long, straight, glabrescent. Inflorescence corymbose, with 2-4 flowers; free portion of the pedicel, 8-14 mm long, 1.8-2.6 cm long, the remainder adnate to the bracteole, sericeous-pubescent with silky hairs; bracteole 3.3-3.5 x1.9-2.4 cm, inserted ca. 1/2of the way along the pedicel or rarely lacking, ovate, glabrescent, the venation as the leaves, the base short acute, margin entire, not ciliate, the apex acute. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx with the tube campanulate, ca. 3.5 mm long, the lobes 6.5-18 x1.5-2.5 mm, ensiform, glabrescent to minutely pubescent. Corolla with the tube campanulate, ca. 6.5 mm long, the lobes 19-26 x7.5-11.5 mm, elliptic to oblong, glabrous. Stamens epipetalous, inserted at the base of the corolla tube, the filaments 2-3 mm long, the anthers ca. 9 mm long, connective extending to 3.2 mm. Ovary subglobose, 2-locular, the locules biovulate; style single, conduplicate, unbranched; stigmas 2, truncate. Fruit inserted on the accrescent bracteole; calyx persistent, expanding to 18 mm long.   Figure 5.Morphology of  Keraunea capixabaLombardi Ahabit Binflorescence, front view Cinflorescence, side view. For photograph of fruit with accrescent bracteole see Lombardi (2014). All photographs by Geovane Siqueira.  Distribution. Endemic to EspiritoSanto state and known from the municipalities of Jaguare, Sooretama and Nova Venecia(Fig. 2).  Habitat. Collections of  Keraunea capixabahave primarily been made in "mata tabuleiro" or flat, semi-deciduous forests found within the coast of the Mata Atlanticadomain of Brazil. A more recent collection ( Gurtler & Dutra 371) was made growing over rocks in forest understory at the base of a granitic outcrop. Specimen labels describe the species as scandent or lianescent.  Conservation status.   Keraunea capixabawas provisionally assessed by Lombardi (2014)as Endangered because it was at that time known from four collections made within disturbed forest patches adjacent to the Sooterama Biological Reserve. We add five collections to the known distribution, including one collected within the Sooterama Biological Reserve ( Covre s.n.), two collected at the base of inselbergs> 30 km from the reserve ( Gurtler & Dutra 371, Demuner et al. 3799), and a gathering made a remarkable 500 km to the north near Ipaui, Bahia. The species is now known from six localities with a collective Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of ca. 11,000 km2. The species is known from <10 localities and has a EOO of <20,000 km2, so we assess  K. capixabaas Vulnerable (VU B1 a b iii) under IUCN criteria ( IUCN 2019).  Etymology. The epithet is an indigenous term referring to people or objects from EspiritoSanto state.  Identification notes.   Keraunea capixabais most morphologically and ecologically similar to the newly described  K. velutina, the two species of the genus that are associated with more humid settings in the Mata Atlanticaphytogeographic region, yet they were never found growing sympatrically.  Keraunea capixabadiffers in lacking an indumentum on the stems, side shoots and lower leaf surface (versus a velutinous-pubescent in  K. velutina), and its ovate leaves on the side shoots (versus elliptic to narrowly-lanceolate). Its range is close to that of  K. confusa, from which it is readily distinguished by its camptodromous venation (versus brochidodromous).  Additional specimens examined.    Brazil. Bahia: Rod Ipiau-Ibirataia, [ 14°6'S, 39°41'W], 13 Nov. 1971,  T.S. Santos2139(HUEFS).    EspiritoSanto: Mun. Sooretama, Reserva Biologicade Sooretama, [ 19°1'S, 40°7'W], 19 May 2015,  C. Covres.n.(SAMES [SAMES03696]); Mun. Rio Bananal, Alto Bananal, 19°14'56"S, 40°24'59"W,  300-600 malt., 25 Apr. 2007,  V. Demuneret al. 3799(BHCB [BHCB017211]); Mun. Jaguare, Perto da Comunidade SaoJorge de Padua, 25 Sep. 2013,  D.A. Folli7117(CVRD [acc. #14563]; HRCB [acc. #16194], NY [02687787], RB [00895205]); Mun. Sooretama, Barro Roxo a CorregoRodrigues, 19°4'35"S, 40°13'25"W,  156 malt., 8 Oct. 2014,  D.A. Folli7273(CVRD [acc. #15122]; RB [01103439]); Mun. Nova Venecia, fazenda Santa Rita, ao peda pedra da torre (P3), 18°47'7"S, 40°26'29"W, 2 Feb. 2018,  J. Gurtler& S.C. Dutra371(VIES [VIES036853]); Mun. Sooretama, Rodovia ES358, distrito de Bom Jardim, 19°2'20.31"S, 40°14'48.23"W, 1 Sep. 2012,  A. Moreira de Assis& J. Freitas3340(HRCB [acc. #76193], MBML [2 sheets: MBML00016754, MBML00016755]); Mun. Jaguare, perto da Comunidade SaoJorge de Padua, 18°54'29.0"S, 40°8'44.9"W, 6 Oct. 2013,  G.S. Siqueira893(CVRD [acc. #14570], HRCB [acc. #76199], K [K001275507], MBML [MBML00016491], NY [02687786], RB [00895202]) SP003725 2013-09-26 da Comunidade Sao Jorge de Padua, G. S. Siqueira Brazil -18.908054 Fatima 1 -40.14581 Comunidade Sao Jorge de Padua 1 Espirito Santo holotype 1971-11-13 T. S. Santos Brazil -14.1 Rod Ipiau-Ibirataia 1289 -39.683334 1 Bahia 2007-04-25 2018-02-02 2007-04-25 C. Covre, V. Demuner, D. A. Folli, Mun. Nova Venecia, Santa Rita, J. Gurtler, S. C. Dutra, Mun. Sooretama, Rodovia ES, de Bom Jardim, A. Moreira de Assis, J. Freitas, Mun. Jaguare, da Comunidade Sao Jorge de Padua, G. S. Siqueira Brazil Reserva Biologica de Sooretama 450 -18.908054 Alto Bananal 1 -40.14581 Rio Bananal 1 Espirito Santo