Scarabaeus bellicosus Olivier, 1789: 109 Phanaeus sylvanus Castelnau, 1840: 80 Nevinson 1892: 2 Megaphanaeus bellicosus (Olivier) Blackwelder 1944: 209 Coprophanaeus bellicosus (Olivier) Edmonds 1972: 841 S. bellicosus P. sylvanus A taxonomic review of the neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) Edmonds, W. D. Zidek, J. Insecta Mundi 2010 2010-07-02 2010 129 1 111 5ZYH6 (Olivier, 1789) Olivier 1789 [192,968,1634,1659] Insecta Scarabaeidae Coprophanaeus Animalia Coleoptera 17 14 Arthropoda species bellicosus Megaphanaeus   Fig. 16, 27-34      Scarabaeus bellicosus Olivier, 1789: 109     Phanaeus sylvanus Castelnau, 1840: 80(syn. by  Nevinson 1892: 2)    Megaphanaeus bellicosus(Olivier)(recomb. by  Blackwelder 1944: 209)    Coprophanaeus bellicosus(Olivier)(recomb. by  Edmonds 1972: 841)  Type.  S. bellicosus– holotypemale, Hunterian Museum, Universityof Glasgow(examined by photo);  P. sylvanus–unknown to us.   Diagnosis. General– Pronotum ( Fig. 30-31) punctate posteromedially, not granulate. Posterolateral pronotal ridge long, extending to lateral pronotal fossa ( Fig. 32, arrow). Metasternal shield largely smooth (as in Fig.18); anterior portion of metasternum smooth. Elytral striae ( Fig. 16) narrow, sides carinulate, straight, converging apically; interstriae 1-4 smooth, 5-7 finely rugose. Dorsal color black or dark brown, sometimes dark blue or bluish violet. Length 28-38 mm.  Male( Fig. 31-33) – Pronotal concavity broad, shallow, lacking lateral protuberances. Dorsal prominence with narrow, median, scoop-shaped element. Apical process of parameres rounded in profile.  Female( Fig. 29-30) – Cephalic process tridentate, middle tubercle much larger than laterals. Pronotal prominence a transverse, weakly bitumid, narrow process near posterior margin; pronotal concavity very broad, shallow, similar to that of male. Protarsi present.  Specimens examined– 150.   Distribution.Atlantic coast forests of Brazil(Paranaian subregion) ( Fig. 28).   Collection Records.   BRAZIL:  Bahia– Entre Rios( Jan);  Encruzilhada( Dec).   Espiritu Santo– Sooretama( Jun, Nov);  Tijuco Prêto( Dec);  Fazenda Lagoa do Macuco[Municipio Linhares], 19 o03’50”S 39 o58’43”W( Jan); Timbuhy.  Minas Gerais– Viçosa [Mata do Paraiso], 20 o48’18”S 42 o51’20”W,  750 m( Feb, Nov).  Rio Grande do Sul– São Alberto( Jan).  Rio de Janeiro– Nova Friburgo( Jan, Oct);   17 kmE Nova Friburgo, 22 o23’04”S 42 o33’30”W,  750 m( Jan).  Santa Catarina– Joinville( Nov-Dec);  Tijuca Forest( Jan).  São Paulo– São João dos Campos( Feb);  NovaCantareira ( Apr);   50 kmSE Mogi das Cruzes[ Serra do Mar Biological Station“ Boraceia”],  800-900 m( Apr);  Tremembé( Dec).   Comments. Arnaud (2002c)transferred this species to the subgenus  Coprophanaeus s. str.stating only that, while it was isolated from other members of that subgenus, it could not “… en aucune manière, si ce n’est sa taille, être associé au groupe  lancifer.” We disagree and maintain its placement in  Megaphanaeusbecause of the suite of characters it shares with  C. lancifer,  C. ensiferand  C. bonariensis(see key to subgenera). But we do agree that it is a taxonomic isolate within the subgenus with, in our view, a closer affinity with the saphirinus group of  Metallophanaeusthan with any constituent of  Coprophanaeus s. str.In this context, the affinity is suggested by secondary sexual characteristics of both sexes and the texture of the elytra. Interestingly, Nevinson (1892)in his “Suggested order of the species, and the groups into which they more-or-less naturally fall,” proposed  C. bellicosusas an isolated annectant between the lancifer and saphirinus groups. To Martínez (1944)the females of  C. bellicosus“ … se asemejan a ciertos [ two malesymbols] del subgenero  Coprophanaeusdel grupo  jasius.”   Coprophanaeus bellicosusis a denizen of the Atlantic coast forests of Brazil, and its range, along with that of  C. cerberus, has undoubtedly contracted in recent decades because of widespread agriculturization and urbanization of Brazil’s eastern seaboard. [192,1405,1749,1773] University Hunterian Museum 18 15 1 Glasgow City holotype [476,934,579,603] Entre Rios & Jan Brazil Bahia 19 16 1 Bahia [949,1195,579,603] Dec Brazil Encruzilhada 19 16 1 Bahia Sooretama & Jun & Nov Brazil Espiritu Santo 19 16 1 Espiritu Santo [474,696,611,635] Dec Brazil Tijuco Preto 19 16 1 Espiritu Santo Jan Brazil -19.063889 Fazenda Lagoa do Macuco 21 -39.97861 19 16 1 Espiritu Santo Feb & Nov & Sao Alberto & Jan & Oct Brazil 750 -20.804998 Nova Friburgo 21 -42.855553 19 16 1 Minas Gerais Jan & Joinville & Nov-Dec Brazil 750 -22.384445 17 km E Nova Friburgo 21 -42.558334 19 16 1 Santa Catarina Sao Joao dos Campos & Feb Brazil Jan Tijuca Forest 19 16 1 Sao Paulo [841,1114,739,763] Apr Brazil Nova 19 16 1 Espiritu Santo das Cruzes & Boraceia & Apr Brazil 850 Serra do Mar Biological Station 19 16 1 Espiritu Santo [943,1146,771,795] Dec Brazil Tremembe 19 16 1 Espiritu Santo