Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters OLIVEIRA, OTTO M. P. MIRANDA, THAÍS P. ARAUJO, ENILMA M. AYÓN, PATRICIA CEDEÑO-POSSO, CRISTINA M. CEPEDA-MERCADO, AMANCAY A. CÓRDOVA, PABLO CUNHA, AMANDA F. GENZANO, GABRIEL N. HADDAD, MARIA ANGÉLICA MIANZAN, HERMES W. MIGOTTO, ALVARO E. MIRANDA, LUCÍLIA S. MORANDINI, ANDRÉ C. NAGATA, RENATO M. NASCIMENTO, KARINE B. JÚNIOR, MIODELI NOGUEIRA PALMA, SERGIO QUIÑONES, JAVIER RODRIGUEZ, CAROLINA S. SCARABINO, FABRIZIO SCHIARITI, AGUSTÍN STAMPAR, SÉRGIO N. TRONOLONE, VALQUÍRIA B. MARQUES, ANTONIO C. Zootaxa 2016 2016-11-18 4194 1 1 256 4KJLT Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus 1758 [151,579,1556,1581] Hydrozoa Plumulariidae Plumularia Animalia Leptothecata 112 113 Cnidaria species setacea  Remarks: the specific name  Plumularia spiraliswas proposed by Milstein (1976) for a plumulariid from Uruguay, but we believe this species is most likely a junior synonym of P. s e t a c ea. In any event, the name given by Milstein (1976) would be invalid because it is a homonym of  Plumularia spiralisBillard, 1911. Distribution in SouthAmerica: polyp—Pacific Ocean, Colombia, at 6.78°N 77.60°Win Octavia Bay, Ecuador, from 1.4°Nto 1.4°Sin GalápagosArchipelago, Chile, from 29°S to 55.28°S(Jäderholm 1904b p. 6, 1910 p. 5; 1920 p.8; Hartlaub 1905 p. 680–681; Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1948; Leloup 1974 p. 49–50; Calder et al.2003; Galea 2007 p. 82–83; Galea & Leclère 2007 p. 41–43; Galea et al.2009a p. 350–351; Galea & Schories 2012a p. 22–24); Atlantic Ocean, Colombia, at Santa Marta coast, Brazilto Argentina, from 20°S to 55°S (Jäderholm 1920; Vannucci Mendes 1946; Vannucci 1949, 1950, 1951a, 1951b; Blanco 1966a, 1976a, 1994a, 1994b; Wedler 1975; Milstein 1976; Bandel & Wedler 1987; El Beshbeeshy 1991, 2011; Genzano et al.1991, 2002, 2003, 2009a, 2011; Genzano 1994a, 1994b, 1998, 2010; Genzano & Zamponi 1997, 2003; Genzano & Rodriguez 1998; Grohmann et al.1997; Nogueira et al.1997; Migotto et al.2002; Grohmann et al.2003, 2008, abstract; López-Gappa & Sueiro 2006; Silveira & Morandini 2011; Meretta & Genzano 2015;  Miranda et al. 2015).  Habitat: polyp—from shallow waters to  300mdepth, on  Acanthodesia sarvartii, algae, gorgonians, hydroids, mussels, polychaete tubes, buoys, wood and ropes (Jäderholm 1910 p. 5; Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1948; Vannucci Mendes 1946; Vannucci 1950; Leloup 1974 p. 49–50; Blanco 1976a, 1994b; Milstein 1976; Bandel & Wedler 1987; Genzano et al.1991, 2002, 2003, 2009a; El Beshbeeshy1991, 2011; Blanco 1994; Genzano & Rodriguez 1998; Genzano & Zamponi 2003; Galea 2007 p. 82–83; Galea et al.2009a p. 350–351; Genzano 2010; Meretta & Genzano 2015;  Miranda et al. 2015). 1328365530 El Beshbeeshy 300 Miranda 113 114 1 Miranda