Orasema violacea Ashmead 1888: 187–188 Orasema violacea Gahan 1940: 445–446 The New World ant parasitoid genus Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) Baker, Austin J. Heraty, John M. Zootaxa 2020 2020-11-30 4888 1 1 84 74RCD Ashmead Ashmead [151,490,1831,1858] Insecta Eucharitidae Orasema Animalia Hymenoptera 20 21 Arthropoda species violacea  ( Figs 7B, 10)      Orasema violacea Ashmead 1888: 187–188.    Orasema violacea;  Gahan 1940: 445–446. Redescription and identification key.   Diagnosis.Distinguished from  O. scauraby having five tarsomeres and the length of the flagellum as long as or longer than the height of the head, and from  O. iridescensby having a shorter female petiole (PTL:PTW = 0.9–1.2 versus2.1–3.0 in  O. iridescens), shorter/wider antenna (female F2L:F2W = 1.3–1.6 versus2.0– 2.5 in  O. iridescens), and setose eyes ( Fig. 10B). This species is most similar to  O. coloradensis, but is distinguished by more coarsely areolate sculpture on the mesoscutal midlobe compared to the costate sculpture in  O. coloradensisand other members of the group ( Fig. 7).  Orasema violaceaalso tends to have a larger body size than most, but not all, specimens of  O. coloradensis.   Description. Female.Length 3.3–3.8 mm( Fig. 10A). Color.Head and mesosoma blue, green, or some com-bination. Scape, pedicel, anellus, and flagellum brown. Coxae iridescent blue-green; femora mostly brown with iridescence, tips pale; tibiae yellow. Gaster same as mesosoma or brown with iridescent reflections. Head( Fig. 10B). HW:HH = 1.1–1.2; face rugose-reticulate; eyes sparsely setose, IOD:EH = 1.5–1.6; MS:EH = 0.7–0.8; supraclypeal area as long as broad, equal to length of clypeus, weakly rugose. Labrum with 4 digits. Occiput with dorsal margin abrupt. Pedicel globose, as broad as F1. FL:HH = 1.0–1.2; F2L:F2W = 1.3–1.6, F2L:F3L = 1.3–1.5 ( Fig. 10D). Mesosoma( Fig. 10C, F). ML:MH = 1.2–1.4. Mesoscutal midlobe rugose-areolate to areolate-reticulate, sparsely setose; lateral lobe rugose-reticulate. Axilla areolate-reticulate, dorsally rounded, on roughly same plane as mesoscutellum; scutoscutellar sulcus broad, irregularly foveate, and broadly separated from transscutal articulation; mesoscutellar disc areolate-reticulate; frenal line irregularly foveate; frenum areolate-reticulate; axillular sulcus distinct and foveate; axillula areolate-reticulate. Propodeal disc flat, rugose-areolate, without median carina ( Fig. 10G); callus areolate-reticulate, densely setose. Propleuron reticulate. Prepectus areolate-reticulate. Mesepisternum, upper-, and lower mesepimeron reticulate; transepimeral sulcus weakly impressed. Metepisternum laterally reticulate. HCL:HCW = 1.5–1.8, reticulate; HFL:HFW = 4.4–4.8. FWL:FWW = 2.2–2.4, FWL:ML = 1.6–1.7; submarginal vein with several long setae; postmarginal vein slightly longer than stigmal vein. Metasoma.Petiole broad, linear in profile, PTL:PTW = 0.9–1.2, PTL:HCL = 0.7–0.8, areolate-reticulate, lateral margin with longitudinal carina continuous with basal flange, ventral sulcus absent. First (ventral) valvula with 6–8 small, narrowly separated teeth, second (dorsal) valvula with 8–10 annuli that are narrowly separated dorsally, the carinae coalescing.  Male.Length 2.8–3.1 mm. HW:HH = 1.1–1.3. Scape brown; FL:HH = 1.3; anellus disc-shaped; F2L:F2W = 1.3–1.5 ( Fig. 10E). Femora mostly brown, tips pale; tibiae yellow. PTL:PTW = 1.7–2.3, PTL:HCL = 1.0–1.3.   Hosts.Unknown.  Plant associates.Unknown.   Distribution( Fig. 5). United States: FL. Collected June–July.   Material examined.   Holotype. UNITED STATES. Florida: Eastern Florida[ ♀, deposited in USNM: USN-MENT00809466, type images: http://n 2t.net/ark:/65665/3b0c20be4-0882-4c1b-ad6a-a0987be4f0ce].  Additionalmaterial examined.   UNITED STATES. Florida: Franklin Co., St. George State Park,  29° 44’46”N,  84° 52’8”W, 13.vi.1980, L. Stange [1³, FSCA: UCRCENT00411767]. Levy Co.,  29° 19’12”N,  82° 44’24”W, 22.vi.1957, H.V. Weems, Jr. [3³, FSCA: UCRCENT00411765, LACM: UCRCENT00305126, USNM: UCRCENT00248390]; 3.vii.1954[ 2♀, USNM: UCRCENT00248392–93]; 3.vii.1958[ 1♀, FSCA: UCRCENT00411754]; 7.vii.1955[ 1♀, FSCA: UCRCENT00411756].   Discussion.Specimens of  O. coloradensisfrom Floridashow a large amount of morphological variation with some specimens quite similar overall to those of  O. violacea, making the two species occasionally difficult to distinguish ( Fig. 7B). This may indicate that  O. violaceaand  O. coloradensisare conspecific or, if separate, that some introgression between the two may occur in Florida. Without molecular data for  O. violaceato confirm or reject these hypotheses, it seems inappropriate at this time to synonymize these species. There is a specimen of  O. coloradensisworth noting (USNM: UCRCENT00248391) that was collected by Ashmead from the  O. violacea typelocality, eastern Florida, but has no additional label information. The few specimens examined that were determined to be  O. violaceawere mostly collected in the 1950s with a single specimen collected in 1980. Multiple recent attempts failed to collect fresh specimens, which, given the context of the changing ant fauna in Florida(especially  Solenopsis, one of the hosts for  O. coloradensis), may indicate extinction of the species. 2988974316 United States of America Florida Eastern Florida 22 23 1 1 holotype 2988974321 [390,1134,1014,1041] United States of America Franklin Co. St. George State Park 22 23 1 Florida