Taxonomic evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) complex (Aves: Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes sixteen species Isler, Morton L. Chesser, Terry Robbins, Mark B. Cuervo, Andrés M. Cadena, Carlos Daniel Hosner, Peter A. Zootaxa 2020 2020-07-21 4817 1 1 74 Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940 Bond & Meyer de Schauensee 1940 [151,893,585,612] Aves Grallariidae Grallaria Animalia Passeriformes 24 25 Chordata species cochabambae  Includes population designated  cochabambae 2in the analysis.   Diagnosis.Upperparts dark reddish yellow-brown; underparts paler grading to pale buffy brown on center of belly and undertail coverts; pale feather edgings and pencil streaks on belly; pale eye-ring. Short songs of two unmodulated notes distinguish  G. cochabambae( Fig. 18) from all other populations except  G. sinaensisand the nominate form of  G. occabambae. The flat or slightly downslurred shape of short song notes of  G. cochabambaedistinguishes them from the rounded notes of those of  G. occabambae. The internote interval of short songs of  G. cochabambaeis significantly longer than that of  G. sinaensisand significantly shorter than that of  G. occabambae. Long songs of  G. cochabambaediffer from those of  G. sinaensisand  G. occabambaein their sharply downslurred note shape and in their significantly faster pace. They differ from long songs of  G. occabambaeby their falling and rising frequency pattern and by their duration pattern, in which notes lengthen, become even, and shorten while intervals remain more constant. They differ from long songs of  G. sinaensisby the lesser extent that frequency rises in the terminal half of the song.   Distribution.Endemic to Boliviain eastern La Pazand Cochabamba, 2950–3500 m.  Plumage.Overall plumage of upperparts, including rectrices, remiges (primaries edged paler), crown and auriculars, dark reddish yellow-brown (7.5YR 4/4), shading to color of underparts in malar area; eye-ring pale. Throat and breast reddish-yellow-brown (7.5YR 5/8–5/6); belly and undertail coverts pale buffy brown (10YR 7/4), pale feather edgings and pencil streaks restricted to belly; flanks dark reddish yellow brown (7.5 5/4) (specimen photographs App. 6, Fig. A32).   Etymology.The English name refers to the country to which this species is endemic. The name was also used by Krabbe et al.(2019).   Remarks.The typelocality (Incachaca, Cochabamba) of  G. rufula cochabambaefalls within the geographic range of this species.