Taxonomic evaluation of the Grallaria rufula (Rufous Antpitta) complex (Aves: Passeriformes: Grallariidae) distinguishes sixteen species Isler, Morton L. Chesser, Terry Robbins, Mark B. Cuervo, Andrés M. Cadena, Carlos Daniel Hosner, Peter A. Zootaxa 2020 2020-07-21 4817 1 1 74 Hosner, Robbins, Isler, & Chesser Hosner, Robbins, Isler, & Chesser 2020 [151,805,1017,1044] Aves Grallariidae Grallaria Animalia Passeriformes 19 20 Chordata species centralis sp. nov.  Includes population designated  blakei 2in the analysis.   Diagnosis.Upperparts dark reddish brown; anterior underparts slightly paler grading to pale yellow on lower belly and pinkish white on undertail coverts. Trilled long songs in combination with short songs consisting of a regularly repeated unmodulated note ( Fig. 13) distinguish  G. centralisfrom all other populations except  G. ayacuchensis. Vocal differences between  G. centralisand  G. ayacuchensisinclude short song note shape (rounded in  G. centralisand downslurred in  G. ayacuchensis) and pattern of change in duration of long song notes (notes lengthen or remain constant in  G. centralisand shorten in  G. ayacuchensis). The pace of long songs of  G. centralisis slower than that of  G. ayacuchensis; although ranges of values do not overlap, means do not differ significantly, presumably because of small sample sizes.   Distribution.Endemic to Peruon east Andean slope from Huánucosouth of the Río Huallaga through Pascoto Junínwest of the Río Ene and north of the Río Mantaro, 2400–2700 m.     Holotype. Centro de Ornitologíay Biodiversidad( CORBIDI) AV-PAH653. Adultfemale shot in secondary forest and prepared as a study skin by P. A. Hosneron  4 October 2008along the Río Satipoabove Calabaza, Junín( 11° 31’ S, 74° 52’ W, elevation 2400 m).   Description of holotype.Adult female. Overall plumage of upperparts dark reddish-brown (5YR 3/4), with throat and breast grading towards yellowish red-brown (5YR 4/6). Crown, nape, orbital feathers, lores, auriculars, back, rump, wing, uppertail coverts, and rectrices dark reddish-brown (5YR 3/4). Remiges dark reddish-brown (5YR 3/4) with the inner vane of each feather slightly duskier. Throat, breast, side of breast, and upper flanks yellowish red-brown (5YR 4/6), grading to antimony yellow (7.5YR 5/8) on center of belly and light buff on lower belly. Some feathers on belly have faint pale neutral gray mottling. Lower flanks grading to yellowish red-brown (5YR 4/6); undertail coverts antimony yellow (7.5YR 5/8). Ovary 8 x 6 mm, oviduct slightly enlarged and convoluted 2 mm; skull 100% pneumatized; moderate fat; mass 40.5 g; no bursa of Fabricius; stomach: insect parts, also bolus of insects in its bill; no molt. Iris dark brown, feet/legs slate gray, bill black.  Measurements of holotype.Bill length 12.0 mm, wing length 77.2 mm, tail length 45.7 mm, tarsus length 43.0 mm.  Paratopotypes.KU 133990 (male), KU 1133991 (male), CORBIDI Av-MFOR324 (male).    Paratypes. LSUMZ  170664(male), 160081 (female) (specimen photographs App.6, Fig. A27).   Etymology.The scientific name reflects the range of this species near the geographic center of Peru. The English name reflects the Province of Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru, where initial recordings were made by T. S. Schulenberg (ML 35960, 40063) and specimens (LSUMZ 106081, 170664) were collected by Louisiana State University expeditions in 1982 and 1985.   Remarks.Vocalizations of  G. centralisand G. ayacuchensisdiffer sufficiently to meet our guidelines for distinguishing them as species, and this conclusion is supported by an mtDNA genetic distance of ~4%. Plumages of  G. centralisand  G. ayacuchensisare similar, but that of  G. centralisis diagnostically darker and redder, especially on the upperparts. Holotypealso cataloged as University of KansasBiodiversity Institute (KU) 124422, tissue number 14767. 2008-10-04 CORBIDI Biodiversidad & Adult & P. A. Hosner Centro de Ornitologia 2400 20 21 -11.516666 Calabaza 1295 -74.86667 Rio Satipo 19 20 1 Junin holotype [199,1272,657,684] 64-06-17 LSUMZ App. & Fig. A 20 21 1 paratype