Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Wilson, E. O. urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181668 Insecta Formicidae Pheidole Animalia Pheidole demeter Wilson Hymenoptera 186 Arthropoda species demeter new species  Types Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard.  Etymology Gr demeter, goddess of agriculture and social order.  diagnosis A member of the diligensgroup closest to calimana, cataractae, scimitar, and tenuis, differing as follows. Major: humerus in side view with "sharkfin" extension; propodeal spine small and sharp or else reduced to a denticle as illustrated; posterior half of dorsal head surface covered by longitudinal carinulae, those on occiput broken and faint; space between eye and antennal fossa rugoreticulate.  Minor: propodeal spine absent; occiput narrowed, with nuchal collar. Measurements (mm) Holotype major: HW 1.08, HL 1.12, SL 0.80, EL 0.20, PW 0.48. Paratype minor: HW 0.52, HL 0.62, SL 0.82, EL 0.14, PW 0.32. Color Major: head and mandibles light brown with slight reddish tinge; anterior half of first gastral tergite plain light brown; mesosoma and rest of gaster plain medium brown; rest of appendages light, almost yellowish brown. Minor: concolorous plain medium brown except for first gastral tergite and appendages, which are light brown.  range Known only from the type locality.  Biology Of three colonies collected by Cover and Tobin at Cuzco Amazonico, Peru, two were nesting in rotten sticks in the litter surface of terra firme forest, and the third was beneath the bark of a palm log in seasonally flooded forest.  Figure Upper: holotype, major. Lower: paratype, minor. PERU: Cuzco Amazonico, 15 km northeast of Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios (Stefan Cover and John E. Tobin). Scale bars = 1 mm.