Two new species of Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae) from Fan Si Pan, the highest mountain in Vietnam Chen, Wen Hong Nguyen, Quang Hieu Chen, Run Zheng Nguyen, Tien Hiep Nguyen, Sinh Khang Nguyen, Van Tap Moeller, Michael Middleton, David J. Shui, Yu-Min PhytoKeys 2018 2018-01-29 94 95 106 74T45 59C6377F-58C1-5CD6-8798-FD2E73B902AC W. H. Chen, Q. H. Nguyen & Y. M. Shui W. H. Chen, Q. H. Nguyen & Y. M. Shui 2018 Magnoliopsida Gesneriaceae Oreocharis treatment-meta Plantae Oreocharis longituba Lamiales 2 97 Tracheophyta species longituba sp. nov.   Diagnosis. This new species is similar to  O. hirsutaBarnett from Thailand, but differs from it in its pubescent petioles (vs. hirsute), (sub)orbicular leaves (vs. narrowly ovate or lanceolate), rounded leaf apex (vs. acute to short acuminate), crenate leaf margin (vs. bi-serrate), narrowly infundibuliform corolla tube (vs. tubular), anthers coherent in pairs (vs. free) and glabrous filaments (vs. hirsute).    Type.   VIETNAM. Lao Cai, Sa Pa distr., Ta Phin cave, in secondary forests, 22°20'54.48"N, 103°46'12.98"E,  1879 melevation, 30 October 2012, type specimens from plants cultivated in an experimental greenhouse at Kunming Botanic Garden, 7 September, 2013,  Y.M. Shuiet al. B2013-551( holotype, KUN!; isotype, Herbariumof the Centrefor Plant Conservation, Vietnam Union of Scienceand Technology Associations, Hanoi!). Perennial herb. Leaves in basal rosette. Petiole 4-7 cmlong, densely long pubescent; leaf blade (sub)orbicular, 3-9 x 2.4-8.9 cm, adaxially sparsely hirsute, abaxially pubescent, more densely so on venation, base cordate, apex rounded, margin crenate; lateral veins 5-6 pairs, adaxially depressed, abaxially prominent. Inflorescences axillary, 1-2-flowered. Peduncles 8-11 cmlong, densely white villous; bracts 2, linear-lanceolate, 5-22 x 0.7-1.2 mm, adaxially subglabrous, abaxially pubescent; pedicel 1.8-2 cm, pubescent. Calyx 5-parted almost from base, segments linear-lanceolate, 8-15 x 1-4 mm, margin dentate, adaxially glabrous, abaxially white hispid. Corolla yellow, bilabiate, 3-3.5 cmlong, inside pubescent, outside white glandular; tube narrowly infundibuliform, 2-2.5 cmlong, 3-3.5 mmin diam. at base and 6-7 mmin diam. at throat; adaxial lip 6.5-7 mmlong, 2-lobed, lobes suborbicular, 3.3-3.5 x 3.5-3.8 mm, apex obtuse; abaxial lip 3-lobed, lobes sub-oblong, almost equal, 8-10 x 6-8 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens 4, anthers coherent in two pairs, adaxial stamens 5-7 mmlong, adnate to corolla tube 1.2-1.5 mmfrom base, abaxial stamens 7.5-8 mmlong, adnate to corolla tube 1-1.2 mmfrom base; filaments glabrous; anthers round, basifixed, dehiscing longitudinally; staminode 1, 2.5-3 mmlong, adnate to corolla tube 6-7 mmfrom base. Pistil 1.7-2.1 cmlong when mature; ovary cylindrical, 1.2-1.4 cmlong, glabrous, 2-locular; style 5-7 mmlong, white pubescent; stigma 1, flattened with a central depression. Disc cylindrical, yellowish, 2.8-3 mmhigh, margin shallowly dentate. Capsule straight, cylindrical, 3-5 cmlong. Seeds oblong, 1.1-1.2 mmlong.  Distribution, habitat and phenology. This new species is also endemic to Sa Pa, northern Vietnam and grows widely scattered on wet ground along road sides or along streams in evergreen broad-leaved forests, at an elevation of 1700-1890 m. Flowering from August to September and fruiting from September to October.  Etymology. The species epithet refers to the unusually long length of the corolla tube in  Oreocharis.  Conservation status. Endangered EN B2ab (iii), following IUCN (2012)guidelines. This is based on an EOO of <35 km2, being known from fewer than five populations and with disturbed locality.  Additional specimens examined.   VIETNAM. Lao Cai, Sa Pa distr., Kuoang Village, 22°28'43.66"N, 103°47'41.5"E,  1700 melevation, growing on humus soil in wet and shady places, 11 September 2005,  X. P. Vu, D. H. Duong, V. D. Nguyen, Q. B. Nguyen, T.D.Nguyen, R. de Kok, G. Bramley, G. Challen, M. VorontsovaHNK 58(K!); Sa Pa, Ta Phin cave, in secondary forests, 22°20'54.48"N, 103°46'12.98"E,  1879 melevation, 30 October 2012, in fruit,  Q. H. Nguyen, T.H. Nguyen, Y. M. Shui, Y. K. Sima, S. X. Yang, Z. Zhou, J. LiuCK670(KUN!, Herbariumof the Centrefor Plant Conservation, Vietnam Union of Scienceand Technology Associations, Hanoi!);  Sapa distr., the path to Fanxipanfrom Ton Station, 22°20'01"E, 103°46'47.8"E,  2000 melevation, 10 August 2007, in fruit,  N. V. Du, P. Wharton& B. Wynn-Jones10(K!); Tonkin, route de Chapa ala garderie du Col de Lo Qui Ho,  1800 melevation, September 1929, in flower,  P. A. Petelot5177(P: P03934211!; P04079324!; P03511246!); Col de Lo Qui Ho, elev.  2000 m, August 1933, in flower,  P. A. Petelot7247(P: P03934227); Col de Lo Qui Ho, elev. 1900, 16 August 1926, in flower,  Poilane12965(P: P04079331).  Notes. A previous collection of this species, X.P. Vuet al. HNK 58, K!, had been identified as  Oreocharis hirsuta, a species from Thailand that demarcates the southern mostdistribution of the genus ( Barnett 1961;  Moelleret al. 2011). When comparing the specimens studied here with type material and recent collections of  O. hirsutain the herbaria of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K) and the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (E), it was found that they can be morphologically differentiated (Table 2; Figs 2I-L). Earlier collections by Petelotand Poilane in Vietnam and deposited in the MuseumNational d'HistoireNaturelle in Paris (P), remained unnamed until now. These collections were made near Chapa at Lo Qui Ho, a station on the slopes near the summit of Fan Si Pan).   Table 2.Morphological comparison between  Oreocharis longitubasp. nov. and  O. hirsutaBarnett.    Character   O. longitubasp. nov.   O. hirsuta   Petiole pubescent hirsute   Leaf blade (sub)orbicular, margin crenate narrowly ovate or lanceolate, margin bi-serrate   Peduncle densely white villous hirsute   Calyx 0.8-1.5 cm long, abaxially hispid 3.4-7.5 mm long, abaxially hirsute   Corolla 3-3.5 cm long, inside pubescent 1.9-2.5 cm long, inside glabrous   Corolla tube 2-2.5 cm long, 3-3.5 mm in diam. at base and 6-7 mm in diam. at throat 1.5-1.9 cm long, 4-5 mm in diam. from base to top   Corolla lip lobes unequal lobes more or less equal   Stamens 4, anthers coherent in two pairs; filaments glabrous; anthers round 4, anthers not coherent, glabrous; filaments hirsute; anthers oval   Ovary 1.2-1.4 cm long 5-5.5 mm long   Disc 2.8-3 mm tall 1-2 mm tall   Figure 2.  Oreocharis longitubaW.H.Chen, Q.H.Nguyen & Y.M.Shui, sp. nov. ( A-H) and its most similar species,  Oreocharis hirsutaBarnett ( I-L) AHabitat BMature plant CAbaxial leaf surface D, EFront view of flower FPistil with immature stigma, disc and calyx GLateral view of flower HOpened corolla IMature plant JFlower and fruits KFront view of flowers LSide view of flowers. Scale bars: A, I=5 cm, D-H= 1 cm; J, K, L= 2 cm. A-Hphotographs by Yu-Min Shui, I-Lby Preecha Karaket of Middleton et al. 4550.   Figure 3.  Oreocharis grandifloraW.H.Chen, Q.H.Nguyen & Y.M.Shui, sp. nov. (all drawings based on the holotype Y.M. Shuiet al. B2013-550in KUN, drawn by Y.F. Shui) AHabit BOpened corolla showing corolla lobes and two pairs of stamens Cpistil at stigma receptivity and calyx.   Figure 4.  Oreocharis longitubaW.H.Chen, Q.H.Nguyen & Y.M.Shui, sp. nov. (all drawings based on the holotype Y.M. Shuiet al. B2013-551in KUN, drawn by J.X. Liu). AHabit BAbaxial leaf surface COpening flower from below showing the inflated part near the distal end of the corolla tube DOpen flower from above EOpened corolla showing two pairs of stamens FPistil (immature at male stage), disc and calyx GFront view of flower. With its long corolla tube up to 2.5 cm,  O. longitubahas the longest tube amongst the yellow flowered species with infundibuliform corollas in  Oreocharis. It is also the only species with coherent anthers amongst species in the previous, narrower concept of  Oreocharis. In the current wider delimitation of  Oreocharis, the corolla tube is more similar in shape, though not in size, to those species previously placed in  AncylostemonCraib and  ParaisometrumWang ( Wang et al. 1990, 1998; Weitzman et al. 1997; Chen et al. 2014). 2012-10-30 Kunming Botanic Garden, September, Y. M. Shui, Herbarium, Centre, Plant Conservation, Technology Associations VIETNAM Sa Pa distr. 1879 22.348467 Vietnam Union of Science 1 103.77028 Ta Phin cave 1 Lao Cai holotype 2005-09-11 2012-10-30 2005-09-11 X. P. Vu, D. H. Duong, V. D. Nguyen, Q. B. Nguyen, T. D. Nguyen, R. de Kok, G. Bramley, G. Challen, M. Vorontsova, Q. H. Nguyen, T. H. Nguyen, Y. M. Shui, Y. K. Sima, S. X. Yang, Z. Zhou, J. Liu, Herbarium, Centre, Plant Conservation, Technology Associations VIETNAM Sa Pa distr. 1700 22.348467 Ta Phin cave 1 103.77028 Kuoang Village 1 Lao Cai 1926-08-16 2007-08-10 1926-08-16 N. V. Du, P. Wharton, B. Wynn-Jones, Tonkin, de Chapa, du Col de Lo Qui Ho, P. A. Petelot, Poilane Vietnam Sapa distr. 2000 Ton Station 103.779945 Fanxipan 1 Hanoi