A review of Antillocladius Saether and Litocladius Mendes, Andersen et Saether, with the description of two new Neotropical genera (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) Mendes, Humberto Fonseca Andersen, Trond Zootaxa 2008 2008-09-29 1887 1 1 75 Mendes & Andersen, 2008 Mendes & Andersen 2008 [151,446,1005,1031] Insecta Chironomidae Gravatamberus Animalia Diptera 42 43 Arthropoda species apicalus sp. nov.  ( Figs 43–47).   Type material:  Holotypemale,  VENEZUELA: Aragua: Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Rancho Grande, 10º21.047’N, 67º41.198’W, approximately  1000 ma.s.l.,  16–18.ix.1999, sweep net& light trap, rainforest, T. Andersen( MIZA).  Paratype: 1 male, as holotype( ZMBN).  Diagnostic characters:The species can be separated from all other members of the genus by having less than 10 setae in cell m proximal to RM; Sc with 0–1 seta; costal extension 147–154 µmlong, ending close to the wing tip; and AR 0.84–0.88.   Etymology:From Latin  apicalus, meaning apex, referring to the long costal extension nearly reaching the wing tip.  Male(n = 1–2). Total length 1.61–1.64 mm. Wing length 1.01–1.05 mm. Total length / wing length 1.56– 1.59. Wing length / length of profemur 2.50–2.65. Coloration brown, thorax dark brown without distinct pattern.  Head.AR 0.84–0.88. Ultimate flagellomere 248–270 µmlong, stout subapical seta 29–54 µmlong. Temporal setae 8, including 3–4 inner verticals, 1–2 outer verticals, and 3 postorbitals. Clypeus with 13–16 setae. Tentorium, stipes, and cibarial pump as in Figure 43. Tentorium 73–91 µmlong, 16–20 µmwide. Stipes 86– 93 µmlong, 32–41 µmwide. Palp segment lengths (in µm): 14–16, 23–25, 57–59, 73–77, fifth segment not measurable. Third palpomere with 2 sensilla clavata subapically, longest 9 µmlong.  Thorax( Fig. 44). Antepronotum with 1–2 setae. Dorsocentrals 12–15; acrostichals 12–14, all scalpellate; prealars 5–6, extended anteriorly; supraalar 1. Scutellum with 2 setae.  Wing( Fig. 45). VR 1.41. C extension 147–154 µmlong. Brachiolum with 1–2 setae, Scwith 0–1 seta, C extension with 15–17 non-marginal setae, R with 12–13 setae, R 1with 13 setae, R 4+5with 12 setae, M 1+2with 29–35 setae, M 3+4with 13–16 setae, Cuwith 10–12 setae, Cu 1with 8–10 setae, PCu with 9–10 setae, Anwith 10–14 setae. Cell m with 1–4 setae, r 4+5with 100–200 setae, m 1+2with 100–150 setae, m 3+4with 26–43 setae, cuwith 5–19 setae, and an with 18–36 setae.   FIGURES 43–47.  Gravatamberus apicalus  sp. n., male. 43—tentorium, stipes, and cibarial pump; 44—thorax; 45—wing; 46—anal point and tergite IX and dorsal aspect of left gonocoxite and gonostylus; 47—hypopygium with anal point and tergite IX removed, dorsal aspect to the left and ventral aspect to the right.  Legs.Spur of foretibia 27–29 µmlong, spurs of midtibia 29–34 µmand 14–18 µmlong, spurs of hind tibia 36–39 µmand 16–18 µmlong. Width at apex of foretibia 23 µm, of midtibia 23 µm, of hind tibia 29 µm. Comb with 9–11 setae, longest 34–36 µm, shortest 20 µmlong. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 8.   TABLE 8.Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs of  Gravatamberus apicalus  sp. n., male (n = 1–2).    fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4  p1 407–414 490–500 310 154 115 65  p2 396–407 410–429 209 90 65 36  p3 429–454 468–490 259–288 130–144 119–137 54–58  ta5 LR BV SV BR  p1 32 0.62 3.34 2.95 3.4  p2 25 0.49 4.77 3.93 4.4  p3 29 0.55–0.59 3.35–3.48 3.27–3.44 5.8–6.1  Hypopygium( Figs 46–47). Tergite IX with 2 setae, laterosternite IX with 5–6 setae. Phallapodeme 52–54 µmlong, transverse sternapodeme 59–63 µmlong. Gonocoxite 116 µmlong. Gonostylus 59 µmlong, megaseta 4 µmlong. HR 1.96, HV 2.73–2.78.   Biology and distribution: This species is known only from the typelocality in the coastal mountain range in Venezuela, where it was collected in an old rainforest reserve at about  1000 maltitude. 1999-09-16 1999-09-18 1999-09-16 MIZA T. Andersen Venezuela 1000 10.350783 Rancho Grande 1 -67.68663 Parque Nacional Henri Pittier 42 43 1 Aragua holotype [380,840,1194,1220] ZMBN Venezuela 42 43 1 1 Aragua paratype Venezuela 1000 Venezuela 44 45 1