First record of subgenus Synaldis Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae, Dinotrema Foerster) from Chile, with description of ten new species Dias de Oliveira, Franciélle Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria ZooKeys 2024 2024-07-10 1206 275 314 Dias de Oliveira & Penteado-Dias 2024 Insecta Braconidae Dinotrema Animalia Hymenoptera Arthropoda species pilosicaudatum sp. nov. Synaldis   Figs 72–82   Type material.    Holotype: Chile• ♀(  MNNC); Osorno, Parque Nacional Puyehue, Antillanca;  40 ° 46 ' 55 " S, 72 ° 12 ' 39 " W; alt.  987 m;  16–30 Mar. 2020; D. Amorimand V. Silvaleg.; Malaise trap.   Paratypes: Chile• 1 ♂(  MNNC); same data as for holotype, except  40 ° 46 ' 28 " S, 72 ° 12 ' 41 " W; alt.  1054 m;  14 Jan. – 3 Feb. 2017; sweeping•  1 ♀(  DCBU514534) and 1 ♂(  DCBU514551); same data as for holotype.   Diagnosis. This species differs from other New World species of  Synaldisby the combination of the following characteristics: in lateral view, eye as wider as or slightly wider than temple (Fig. 74); mandible with three relatively large teeth, diagonal carina present, mandibular apex (at least slightly) wider than base (Fig. 74); F 13.70–3.85 × as long as wide (Fig. 76); mesoscutal pit present, conspicuous (Fig. 77); propodeum with areola, median longitudinal carina and transverse carinae complete (Fig. 81); propodeum with a distinct protuberance in lateral view (Fig. 78); fore wing vein cu-a postfurcal, 1 - CU 1 as long as or shorter than cu-a (Fig. 79); hind tibia 8.9–9.1 × as long as wide; T 1rugose – foveolate (Fig. 80); ovipositor sheath with several distinct, erect setae, except on 1 / 4 apical almost glabrous (Fig. 82).   Dinotrema( S.) pilosicaudatum sp. nov.is similar to  D.( S.) latusdentertium sp. nov., their distinctions are given in the identification key.   Description.  ♀. Length. Body: 2.0– 2.2 mm. Fore wing: 2.4 mm. Hind wing: 1.65 mm.  Head: in dorsal view (Fig. 73), 1.7–1.8 × as wide as long, 1.4 × as wide as mesosoma, ca as wide at eyes as temples. Frons with weak mid groove. POL1.3 × as OD, OOL2.90–3.15 × as OD. In lateral view (Fig. 74), eye 1.4–1.5 × as high as wide, 1.0–1.1 × as wide as temple. Face 1.6 × as wide as high (Fig. 75), 2.0 × as wide as clypeus, punctate, with longitudinal ridge dorsally. Clypeus 1.65 × as wide as high, slightly concave ventrally. Malar space 0.6 × as clypeus height. Paraclypeal fovea short size. Mandible 1.5 × as long as wide (Fig. 74), diagonal carina present. Mandibular apex 1.1–1.2 × wide as base. Upper tooth almost rounded. Middle tooth acute, longer than other teeth. Lower tooth rounded, as long as upper tooth. Upper tooth as wide as lower, wider than middle tooth. Antenna with 18–20 segments (Fig. 76), 0.9–1.0 × as long as body. Scape 2.0 × as long as pedicel. F 13.7–3.9 × as long as wide, 1.3–1.4 × as long as F 2. F 22.6 × as long as wide. F 32.1 × as long as wide. AF2.0–2.1 × as long as wide. Maxillary palp 1.2 × as long as head height.  Mesosoma: 1.2–1.4 × as long as high (Fig. 78), 2.1–2.2 × as long as wide. Mesoscutum as long as wide, notauli absent on horizontal surface of mesoscutum (Fig. 77). Mesoscutal pit present, oval – elongate, occupying 0.2–0.3 × of mesoscutal length. Prescutellar depression 2.0–2.1 × as long as wide, with median carina incomplete posteriorly to complete, smooth laterally. Side of pronotum crenulate. Precoxal sulcus crenulate medially, not reaching anterior and / or posterior margins of mesopleuron (Fig. 78). Posterior mesopleural furrow smooth. Propodeum mainly smooth (Fig. 81), with areola as high as wide; median longitudinal carina complete; transverse carinae complete. Propodeum with a distinct protuberance in lateral view (Fig. 78) Propodeal spiracle small, 0.3 × distance from spiracle to base of propodeum.  Wings: fore wing 2.5–2.6 × as long as wide, vein 1 - SR present, (r + 3 - SR) 5.1–5.4 × as long as r-m, SR 1 2.0–2.2 × as long as (r + 3 - SR); cu-a postfurcal, 1 - CU 1 0.7–1.0 × as long as cu-a. Marginal cell 4.2–4.3 × as long as wide, submarginal cell 2.0–2.2 × as long as wide, first subdiscal cell 3.05 × as long as wide (Fig. 79). Hind wing 5.8 × as long as wide, vein 1 - M 0.4 × as long as M + CU, 1.2 × as long as 1 r-m; m-cu absent.  Legs: hind femur 4.9–5.2 × as long as wide. Hind tibia 8.9–9.1 × as long as wide, 1.1–1.2 × as long as hind tarsus. First segment of hind tarsus 1.9–2.1 × as long as second segment.  Metasoma: 1.6–1.7 × as long, and 0.8 × as wide as mesosoma (Fig. 72). T 1rugose – foveolate (Fig. 80), 2.1–2.3 × as long as wide, apex 1.2–1.3 × as wide as base. Ovipositor 0.6–0.7 × as long as metasoma, 2.5 × as long as T 1, 1.5–1.7 × as long as hind femur. Ovipositor sheath with several distinct, erect setae (except on 1 / 4 apical almost glabrous, Fig. 82), 0.5 × as long as metasoma, 1.8 × as long as T 1(Fig. 72).  Color: head dark brown, except mandibles and pedicel yellow. Mesosoma orange – yellow, except pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum, and metanotum brown. Metasoma brown except ovipositor yellow. Wings hyaline, veins brown.  Male.Body length 2.1–2.3 mm. Head 1.3 × as wide as mesosoma. POL1.6 × as OD, OOL2.6 × as OD. Face 1.5–1.6 × as wide as high, 1.9 × as wide as clypeus. Clypeus 1.8 × as wide as high. Malar space 0.7 × as clypeus height. Mandible 1.4 × as long as wide. Antenna with 22 segments, 1.2 × as long as body. Scape 1.8 × as long as pedicel. F 11.1–1.3 × as long as F 2. F 22.6–2.8 × as long as wide. F 32.3–2.4 × as long as wide. AF2.6 × as long as wide. Mesosoma 2.0 × as long as wide. Fore wing 2.4 × as long as wide, vein SR 1 1.8 × as long as (r + 3 - SR). Hind wing 4.65 × as long as wide; vein 1 - M 0.5 × as long as M + CU, 1.3 × as long as 1 r-m. Hind femur 4.6–5.0 × as long as wide. Hind tibia 9.6 × as long as wide. Metasoma 1.3–1.5 × as long as mesosoma. T 12.0 × as long as wide. Color as in ♀or brown to dark brown, except mandibles and legs yellow, propleuron, mesopleuron ventrally orange.   Etymology. The epithet is an adjective combining pilosi(from pilosus, Latin for hairy), caudatum(from cauda, Latin for tail). The species name refers to its ovipositor sheath with several distinct, erect setae (Fig. 82).   Figures 72–82.   Dinotrema( Synaldis) pilosicaudatum sp. nov.(holotype ♀, except 81, 82paratype ♀) 72habitus, lateral view 73head, dorsal view 74head and mandible, lateral view 75head, frontal view 76antenna 77mesonotum, dorsal view 78mesosoma, lateral view 79wings 80 T 1, dorsal view 81propodeum, dorsal view 82ovipositor and sheath, lateral view.   Distribution.  Chile.   Comments.   Dinotrema( S.) pilosicaudatum sp. nov.can be associated with the Nearctic species  D.( S.) glabrifovea( Fischer, 1967)based on similarities in the shape of mandibles, relative length of the flagellomeres, and propodeal sculpture. However, in  D.( S.) glabrifoveathe mesoscutal pit is absent, the face and clypeus are relatively wider, and the antenna comprises 25 segments, among other distinguishing characteristics (according to Peris-Felipo and Belokobylskij 2017). 4904869315 2020-03-16 2020-03-30 2020-03-16 Malaise trap MNNC D. Amorim & V. Silva Chile Antillanca 987 -40.781944 Osorno 19 -72.21083 Parque Nacional Puyehue 1 1 holotype 4904869310 2017-01-14 2017-02-03 2017-01-14 sweeping MNNC D. Amorim & Silva Chile Antillanca 1054 -40.774445 Chile 19 -72.21139 Parque Nacional Puyehue 1 1 paratype 4904869330 2020-03-16 2020-03-30 2020-03-16 Malaise trap DCBU D. Amorim & Silva Chile Antillanca 987 -40.781944 Osorno 19 -72.21083 Parque Nacional Puyehue DCBU 514534, DCBU 514551 2 1 1 paratype