Glenoleon aurora Tillyard, 1916:56 New 1985b: 56 New 1985b: 57 Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Machado, Renato Jose Pires Oswald, John David Zootaxa 2020 2020-06-16 4796 1 1 322 3G97W Tillyard, 1916 Tillyard 1916 [151,550,639,666] Insecta Myrmeleontidae Glenoleon Animalia Neuroptera 157 158 Arthropoda species aurora  ( Figs. 76–78)    Glenoleon aurora Tillyard, 1916:56(OD); Esben-Petersen 1923:586(cit); Stange 1976:305(cat); New 1985b:52(key, rd, ill); New 1996:81(cat); Stange 2004:103(cat); Oswald 2018(cat).    Glenoleon pictus  New 1985b: 56(OD); New 1996:83(cat); Stange 2004:105(cat); Oswald 2018(cat). new synonym    Glenoleon tergitus  New 1985b: 57(OD); New 1996:84(cat); Stange 2004:106(cat); Oswald 2018(cat). new synonym   Diagnosis.Legs elongate; tibial spurs reaching T2 apex; forewing costal area uniareolate; hind wing with no broad bands on apical half; male genitalia elongate; female pregenital small and rounded; male gonarcus+mediuncus semi-triangular in posterior view.   Description.Lengths: forewing: 23–27 mm; hind wing: 21–25 mm. Head ( Figs. 76a–b): Labrumpale; with a line of elongate setae. Clypeuspale to orange; with few elongate black setae. Fronspredominantly pale to orange with a large dark brown mark around antennae (in some specimens the mark is smaller and present only on ventral margin of antennal base); set with few short black setae. Genapale. Vertexraised; in anterior view mostly orange with two small transverse light brown marks laterally, and a small medial line (marks almost imperceptible in some specimens); in dorsal view mostly pale with three dark brown rounded marks, a medial one on posterior margin and other two anterior to that; set with short black setae. Ocularsetae absent. Antennaeclubbed; elongate, about twice longer than pronotum; distance between antennae wider than scape width; scape, pedicel and apical flagellomeres (about eight) black; four to five subapical flagellomeres pale, remaining segments brown; torular membrane pale; flagellomeres almost as long as wide at base, apical ones much wider than long; all segments set with short black setae. Mandiblesmostly pale, with tip black. Palpi, maxillary and labial pale with scattered dark brown marks, mainly on apical segments; apical labial palpomere fusiform, palpimacula opening oval-shaped, located medially. Thorax ( Fig. 76b): Pronotumlonger than wide; posterior margin about as wide as anterior; subapical furrow present; mostly pale except for some dark brown marks as follows: a central longitudinal line (discontinuous at furrow in some specimens), two short curved lines on posterior area, anterior margins; beset with short black setae but with some long setae at borders. Mesonotummostly pale, with some dark brown areas distributed on segments as follows: prescutum with two marks on anterior and posterior margins (connected in some darker specimens), scutum with a large longitudinal central mark and two narrow longitudinal lines on each side, scutellum with two rounded spots on anterior margin and three small lines on posterior margin (central line generally larger); covered with short black setae. Metanotummostly pale, with some dark brown marks as follows: a large rounded mark on each side of prescutum, a large longitudinal lateral line on each side of scutum, two large marks on anterior margin of scutellum and a central mark on posterior margin. Pterothoracic pleuramostly pale with scattered dark brown areas around some sclerites margins, mainly anterior ones; covered with white setae; Miller’s organ present. Wings ( Fig. 76d): Fairly broad; anterior Banksian line present in both wings, posterior absent; veins mostly pale, but some veins intercalated with brown spots, beset with short black setae. Male pilula axillarispresent. Forewingmembrane hyaline with amber infuscations around some crossveins, inferior margin and tip; pterostigma pale, with a small amber mark at base in some specimens; CuA fork located between RP origin and first fork; two or three presectoral crossveins; subcostal veinlets mostly simple, but in some specimens with some forked veinlets; posterior area narrower than prefork area. Hind wingmembrane colour hyaline, with a rounded rhegmal mark, and few amber marks at tip, in some darker specimens all these marks are larger, particularly the rhegmal spot, but in a few paler specimens marks extremely reduced or absent; MP fork located between RP origin and first fork; subcostal veinlets simple; one presectoral crossvein with a medial spur. Legs ( Figs. 76a–b): All pairs of legs, femur elongate (> 3.5x length of coxa); tibia slightly longer than femur, and about twice longer than tarsi; tibial spurs extending over T2 apex; T2, T3 and T4 about same size, T1 slightly longer than T2, T5 twice longer than T1; claws about half of T5 length; coxa and trochanter set with short white setae; femur, tibia and tarsi set whit short black setae and scattered long black setae (some specimens with few short white setae on femur internal surface); T5 ventrally with two rows of thick, long, black setae. Prolegsense hair absent; tibia with antennal cleaning setae ventroapically; coxa pale with some dark brown marks on external surface, trochanter pale, femur pale with tip dark brown and a subapical brown mark on internal surface of some specimens, tibia pale with three dark brown rings, tarsi pale with T3, T4 and tip of T5 dark brown. Mesolegwith same colour pattern of proleg. Metalegwith femur and tibia slightly longer than in other legs; colour similar to other legs except for tibia with only tip dark brown, and tarsi entirely pale in some specimens. Abdomen ( Fig. 76c): Tergites with posterior area brown with scattered irregular pale marks, but anterior area mostly pale with few dark brown marks. Sternites in general entirely pale, but some specimens with few dark brown marks in some sternites. Tergites and distal sternites set with short black setae, remaining sternites covered with short white setae.   FIGURE 76.  Glenoleon aurora: a) head, anterior; b) head and thorax, dorsal; c) female abdomen apex, lateral; d) wings, dorsal.   FIGURE 77.  Glenoleon aurora: male: a) terminalia, lateral; b) genitalia, lateral; c) genitalia, posterior; d) 9 thsternite, ventral; female: e) terminalia, lateral; f) terminalia, ventral (note pregenital plate hidden beneath sternite). Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Male Terminalia ( Figs. 77a–d): Ectoproctposterior margin rounded in lateral view, covered with elongate black setae. 9 thsterniteposterior margin with a medial excavation in ventral view, but rounded in lateral view; set with elongate black setae. Gonarcusbroad, arched, with anterior margin elongate. Mediuncusfused with gonarcus forming a semi triangular structure. Paramereelongate in lateral view and with tip acute and more sclerotized. Female Terminalia ( Figs. 76c, 77e–f): Ectoproctposterior margin rounded covered with thin elongate setae. Lateral gonapophysesrounded, smaller than ectoproct, set with cavisetae. 7 thtergite with the posterior ventral corner elongate and acute in lateral view. 7 thsternitedistal margin with a medial short invagination in ventral view; covered with long black setae. Pregenital platesmall, curved in lateral view, but rounded in ventral view. Posterior gonapophysesbroad and elongate; covered with long black setae, and many cavisetae on the apex. 9 thtergitewith a small membranous digitiform process, ventral margin covered with many elongate pale setae. Anterior gonapophysesa small lobe, beset with very short sclerotized setae. Ventral membrane,gonapophyseal plates absent.   Distribution( Fig. 78). Australia: NSW, NT, SA, WA. Known from scattered records across mainland Australia; most records in southern half.   FIGURE 78.Distribution of  Glenoleonspecies (part).  Adult activity period.Records for October to April.   Biology.Unknown, larva unknown.  Name-bearing types.  Glenoleon aurora: Lectotype(by subsequent designation by New (1985b)[as “ Holotype”]), male, BMNH, high-resolution image examined. Type locality: Australia, New South Wales, Broken Hill (town). From original description: “Hab.---Broken Hill, N.S.W. Several specimens taken by Mr. O. Lower, in 1900 and 1902. Types, ♂ ♀, in Coll. Tillyard; ( ♂, December 4th, 1900; ♀, November 10th, 1902; Broken Hill; O. Low- er)”. From New (1985b): “ Holotype, ♂(end of abdomen missing), New South Wales, Broken Hill, 4.xii.1900, O. Lower (BMNH). [ Paratype, ♀, same locality, 10.xi.1902(BMNH); another ♀labeled as paratype, same data (ANIC); neither ♀is truly  aurora(see below); they are likely to represent G.  tillyardi, sp. nov.]”. From Stange (2004): “ Holotypemale, Broken Hill, New South Wales, 4.xii.1900, Lower (BMNH!)”. In the original description Tillyard (1916)explicity states “several specimens” and “Types, ♂ ♀”; thus, the type series consisted of multiple specimens, but no holotypewas fixed. We interpret New’s (1985b:52)citation of the male specimen as the “ holotype, ♂”, and two additional female specimens of the type series as paratypes, to be sufficiently explicit as to constitute a valid designation of the male specimen as a lectotypeunder Art. 74.5; consequently, the female specimens are paralectotypes. The lectotypespecimen was illustrated in the original description and bears a “ holotype” label. The lectotypeand two paralectotypefemales are not conspecific; the paralectotypesare specimens of  Megagonoleon banksi(not  Glenoleon tillyardi, as tentatively cited by New). Lectotypecondition: good; left antennae and foreleg missing.   Glenoleon pictus:  Holotype(by original designation), female, ANIC, examined. Type locality: Western Australia. Fromoriginal description: “ Holotype, ♀, ‘W. Australia,  12.x.1915’ ‘229’ ( ANIC)”. Condition: relatively good, left antenna, right meso and metalegs, and left metatarsi broken; left wings damaged, mainly at the apex dorsally; right hind wing with tip missing; terminalia dissected.   Glenoleon tergitus:  Holotype(by original designation), female, ANIC, examined. Type Locality: Australia, Western Australia,  19 kmN of Norseman. Fromoriginal description: “ Holotype, ♀, Western Australia, 12 [miles] N. Norseman,  25.xi.1958, E. F. Riek( ANIC)”. Condition: good; terminalia dissected.  Additional material examined( 36♂, 47♀).   AUSTRALIA:  New South Wales:  13mE of Broken Hill,  13.iii.1963, K. Dansie( 1♀, SAMA);  Tibooburra: 27 mi,  1.xi.1967, R. McInnes( 1♂, ANIC);   2.xi.1949, EF Riek( 1♂, ANIC);   Northern Territory: Alice Springs:  17 kmNE of Yambah,  xi.1965( 1♂, FSCA);   1miE of Alice Springs,  23.iv.1966, N. McFarland( 1♂, SAMA);   4 miSW of Alice Springs,  18.ii.1966, Britton, Upton& McInnes( 1♂, ANIC);  Emily Gap:  6 miSE of Alice Springs,  17.ii.1966, Britton, Upton& McInnes( 1♂, 2♀, ANIC);  Standley Chasm:  42 kmW of Alice Springs,  11.x.1972, MS Upton( 1♂, 1♀, ANIC);   ii.1966( 1♀, ANIC);  Trephina Gorge:  70 kmENE of Alice Springs,  29.i.1984, M.S & B.J. Moulds( 1♂, AMSA);   South Australia: Aroona Dam:  3.xi.1969( 1♂, SAMA);  Blackwood:  850ft.,  8.ii.1966, N. McFarland( 1♀, AMSA);   27.ii.1966( 1♀, SAMA);   29.i.1969( 1♂, MVM);   ii.1969( 1♂, 1♀, SAMA);   iii.1969( 1♀, SAMA);   i.1969( 2♀, SAMA);  Bucharinga Gorge:  30 kmNNW Quorn,  18.xii.1985, C. Reid( 2♀, ANIC);  Coober Pedy:  25.xi.1989, R.B. Miller( 1♂, 1♀, FSCA);  Kurlge:  850ft, M.V.L., N.B. Tindale( 1♀, SAMA);   i.1966( 1♂, SAMA);   ii.1962( 4♂, 3♀, SAMA);  Ediacara:  iii.1958( 1♂, SAMA);  Everard Park:  xi.1970( 1♀, SAMA);  Gauler Ranges:  xii.1989( 1♂, 1♀, SAMA);  Innamincka:  xi.1996( 1♂, SAMA);  7.2 kmSW of Table Hill, 27 o37’57’’S– 140 o49’46’’E,  04–09.xi.1996, Stony Des. Sur. INcamp ( 1♀, SAMA);  Leigh Creek:  x.1964–  iii.1965, G.C. Gregory( 1♀, ANIC);   x.1968( 1♀, SAMA);  Maree Picnic Ground:  2.xi.1955, at light, E.T. Giles( 1♂, SAMA);  Mount Aroona:  29.xi.1951( 1♂, MVM);  Mount Davies:  xi.1963( 1♀, SAMA);  Mount Painter: Flinders Range, H.G. Stokes( 5♀, 6♂, SAMA);  Mount Serle:  16.i.1965( 1♂, 1♀, SAMA);  Mudla Bore:  xii.1974( 2♀, SAMA);  Musgrave Range:  ii.1966( 1♂, 1♀, SAMA);   8 kmNE Mount Woodroole, 26 o17’10’’S– 131 o48’20’’E, Pitjantjatjara Landssurvey,  15.x.1994( 2♂, 3♀, SAMA);  Port Augusta: Pichi Richi Pass,  17.i.1976, M.S. & B.J. Moulds( 1♂, AMSA);  Rev.A.P. Burgess: ( 1♂, SAMA);  Uno Station:  ii.2009( 1♀, SAMA);   iii.2010( 1♀, SAMA);  Yunta:  xii.1942( 1♂, 5♀, MVM);  Wirreandah CreekCrossing: 30 km S. Hawker,  26.xi.1975, at light, G.F. Gross& V. Potezny( 1♀, SAMA);   Western Australia: Blackstone Range:  iii.1956( 2♀, 1♂, SAMA); Dampi- er:  20.iv.1971, MS Upton( 1♀, ANIC);  Duri:  31.i.1976, K.E. Carbany( 1♂, AMSA);  NO LABEL: ( 1♀, SAMA).   Comments.Synonymy of  Glenoleon tergitus: New’s (1985b)original description noted that  G. tergituswas very similar to  G. aurora, but New tentatively differentiated the two species based on terminalic traits and body coloration patterns. He further noted that, because intraspecific variation was poorly understood, the two species might be divergent forms of the same species. Work for the current revision supports the latter view. The body markings of  G. tergitusare only slightly darker than those of  G. auroraand are now known to fall within the range of variation of the latter species. Similarly, the medial emargination of the female 7 thsternite (noted by New as diagnostic for  G. tergitus) has now been found to be intraspecifically variable in prominence in specimens of  G. aurorathat possess both paler “  aurora- type” body markings and darker “  tergitus- type” markings. Based on these observations,  Glenoleon tergitusis here synonymized with  Glenoleon aurora. Synonymy of  Glenoleon pictus: New (1985b)described  G. pictusfrom a single female specimen. In the original description it was contrasted with  auroraand  tergitus, and differentiated from them primarily based on its darker body and wing coloration and an uncertain reference to “ventral ornamentation” of the terminalia. We have ex- amined the holotypeand find that it represents only a specimen on the dark end of the range of variation found in  aurora. The terminalia of the holotypedo not fall outside the range of variation expected in  aurora. Based on these observations,  Glenoleon pictusis here synonymized with  Glenoleon aurora. Phylogenetic relationships:  Glenoleon aurorais very similar and closely related to  G. froggatti,  G. minutillusand  G. osmyloides( Fig. 4), based on general body colour pattern. However, all of these species are easily separated based on the shape of structures of both the male and female terminalia. 1915-10-12 ANIC Australia From 161 162 1 1 Western Australia holotype 1958-11-25 ANIC N. Norseman & E. F. Riek Australia Norseman 161 162 1 1 Western Australia holotype 1963-03-13 SAMA K. Dansie Australia 13 m E of Broken Hill 161 162 1 1 New South Wales [578,1207,837,863] 1967-11-01 ANIC R. McInnes Australia Tibooburra 161 162 1 1 New South Wales 1949-11-02 ANIC Riek Australia 161 162 1 1 New South Wales [307,1247,872,899] 1965-11 FSCA Australia Alice Springs 161 162 1 1 Northern Territory 1966-04-23 SAMA McFarland Australia 1 mi E of Alice Springs 161 162 1 1 Northern Territory 1966-02-18 ANIC Britton & Upton & McInnes Australia 4 mi SW of Alice Springs 161 162 1 1 Northern Territory [298,1329,945,971] 1966-02-17 ANIC Britton & Upton & McInnes Australia Emily Gap 161 162 3 2 1 Northern Territory 1972-10-11 ANIC MS Upton Australia Standley Chasm 161 162 2 1 1 Northern Territory [987,1209,981,1007] 1966-02 ANIC Australia 161 162 1 1 Northern Territory 1984-01-29 AMSA M. S & B. J. Moulds Australia Trephina Gorge 161 162 1 1 Northern Territory 1969-11-03 SAMA Australia Aroona Dam 161 162 1 1 South Australia [316,973,1052,1079] 1966-02-08 AMSA N. McFarland Australia 259 Blackwood 161 162 1 1 South Australia [985,1259,1053,1079] 1966-02-27 SAMA Australia 161 162 1 1 South Australia 1969-01-29 MVM Australia 161 162 1 1 South Australia [247,540,1089,1115] 1969-02 SAMA Australia 161 162 2 1 1 South Australia [553,803,1089,1115] 1969-03 SAMA Australia 161 162 1 1 South Australia [816,1050,1089,1115] 1969-01 SAMA Australia 161 162 2 2 South Australia 1985-12-18 ANIC C. Reid Australia Bucharinga Gorge 161 162 2 2 South Australia [631,1263,1124,1151] 1989-11-25 FSCA R. B. Miller Australia Coober Pedy 161 162 2 1 1 South Australia SAMA M. V. L., N. B. Tindale Australia 259 Kurlge 161 162 1 1 South Australia [551,778,1161,1187] 1966-01 SAMA Australia 161 162 1 1 South Australia [787,1069,1161,1187] 1962-02 SAMA Australia 161 162 7 3 4 South Australia [1079,1432,1160,1187] 1958-03 SAMA Australia Ediacara 161 162 1 1 South Australia [151,553,1197,1223] 1970-11 SAMA Australia Everard Park 161 162 1 1 South Australia [563,1033,1197,1223] 1989-12 SAMA Australia Gauler Ranges 161 162 2 1 1 South Australia [1044,1432,1197,1223] 1996-11 SAMA Australia Innamincka 161 162 1 1 South Australia [151,1360,1232,1259] 1996-11-04 1996-11-09 1996-11-04 SAMA Stony Des. Sur. IN Australia -27.6325 Table Hill 20 140.82944 161 162 1 1 South Australia 1964-10 1965-03 1964-10 ANIC G. C. Gregory Australia Leigh Creek 161 162 1 1 South Australia [731,966,1269,1295] 1968-10 SAMA Australia 161 162 1 1 South Australia 1955-11-02 SAMA E. T. Giles Australia Maree Picnic Ground 161 162 1 1 South Australia [445,904,1304,1331] 1951-11-29 MVM Australia Mount Aroona 161 162 1 1 South Australia [918,1348,1305,1331] 1963-11 SAMA Australia Mount Davies 161 162 1 1 South Australia SAMA Flinders Range, H. G & Stokes Australia Mount Painter 161 162 11 5 6 South Australia [801,1279,1340,1367] 1965-01-16 SAMA Australia Mount Serle 161 162 2 1 1 South Australia 1974-12 SAMA Australia Mudla Bore 161 162 2 2 South Australia [424,932,1377,1403] 1966-02 SAMA Australia Musgrave Range 161 162 2 1 1 South Australia 1994-10-15 SAMA Australia -26.28611 Pitjantjatjara Lands 20 131.80556 161 162 5 3 2 South Australia 1976-01-17 AMSA M. S. & B. J. Moulds Australia Pichi Richi Pass Port Augusta 161 162 1 1 South Australia [557,930,1449,1475] SAMA Burgess Australia Rev. 161 162 1 1 South Australia [943,1337,1449,1475] 2009-02 SAMA Australia Uno Station 161 162 1 1 South Australia 2010-03 SAMA Australia true Uno Station 161 162 1 1 South Australia [312,679,1484,1511] 1942-12 MVM Australia Yunta 161 162 6 5 1 South Australia 1975-11-26 SAMA S. Hawker & G. F. Gross & V. Potezny Australia Wirreandah Creek 161 162 1 1 South Australia [597,1340,1520,1547] 1956-03 SAMA Australia Blackstone Range 161 162 3 2 1 Western Australia 1971-04-20 ANIC Upton Australia 161 162 1 1 Western Australia [593,1090,1557,1583] 1976-01-31 AMSA K. E. Carbany Australia Duri 161 162 1 1 Western Australia [1101,1412,1556,1583] SAMA Australia 161 162 1 1 Western Australia