Helixarion freycineti Férussac, 1821: 20 Helicarion freycineti : Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 Semper, 1870: 30–31 Pfeiffer & Clessin, 1881: 32 Tryon, 1885: 168 Cox, 1909: 5 Iredale, 1937c: 7 Vitrina ( Helicolimax ) australasia Blainville, 1824: 255 Helix freycineti Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 Helix ( Vitrina ) helicarion Voigt, 1834: 76 Helicarion freycineti Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 Nanina ( Helicarion ) freycineti : Albers & Martens, 1860: 47 Vitrina freycineti : Reeve, 1862 Cox, 1868: 83 Pfeiffer, 1876: 23 Vercularion freycineti : Iredale, 1941: 6 Fastosarion freycineti : Smith, 1992: 231 A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family 2462 Hyman, Isabel T. Ponder, Winston F. Zootaxa 2010 2010-05-14 2462 1 1 148 7T7J8 (Ferussac, 1821) Ferussac 1821 [151,642,1898,1924] Gastropoda Helicarionidae Stanisicarion Animalia Stylommatophora 48 49 Mollusca species freycineti   Figures 6J, 10C, 11C, 13I, 17D–F, 18A, 19A, 20A, 21A      Helixarion freycineti Férussac, 1821: 20.    Helicarion freycineti: Quoy and Gaimard, 1824: pl. 67, fig. 1;  Semper, 1870: 30–31, pl. 3, fig. 6, pl. 6, fig. 10;  Pfeiffer & Clessin, 1881: 32;  Tryon, 1885: 168, pl. 38, figs 32–35;  Cox, 1909: 5;  Iredale, 1937c: 7.     Vitrina( Helicolimax) australasia Blainville, 1824: 255[ nom. nov.for  Helix freycineti Quoy and Gaimard, 1824].     Helix( Vitrina) helicarion Voigt, 1834: 76[ nom. nov.for  Helicarion freycineti Quoy and Gaimard, 1824].     Nanina( Helicarion) freycineti: Albers & Martens, 1860: 47.    Vitrina freycineti: Reeve, 1862: pl. 6, sp. 40;  Cox, 1868: 83, pl. 14, figs 4, 4a;  Pfeiffer, 1876: 23.     Vercularion freycineti: Iredale, 1941: 6, fig. 8.     Fastosarion freycineti: Smith, 1992: 231. Synonymy follows Kershaw (1979).   Material examined.   New South Wales, Australia: AM C391188(one shell measured, photographed; live animal photographed; one specimendissected, radula examined), Yarramundi Regional Park, off Hawkesbury Rd.( 33º40' S, 150º39' E),  21 Jan. 2001, S.A. Clark, M. Shea, A.C. Miller, L. Puslednik.   Description. External morphology: Shell ( Figures 19A, 20A, 21A) reduced, 3.1 whorls, light orangebrown, spire and apex flattened; shape and sculpture as for genus. Animal ( Figure 6J) cream with dark grey markings. Mantle laps moderately long, wide at base, tapering to a blunt point, not fused, uniform in colour. Right mantle lobe moderately large; left and median lobes large, fused to form small lobe over head. Caudal apparatus as for genus; caudal horn moderately small.  Mantle cavity( Figure 10C): As for genus. Mantle with pigmentation of black spots.  Digestive system: As for genus.  Genital system( Figures 13I, 18A): As for genus. Carrefour embedded in albumen gland, talon free. Free oviduct with longitudinal pilasters present in oviduct and deep transverse pilasters in capsular gland. Penis moderately long; epiphallus enters penis through short verge, less than a quarter of penis length; penis internally covered in pustules. Penis retractor muscle attached to tip of epiphallic caecum. Epiphallus longer than penis, internally with longitudinal pilasters.   Radula( Figure 17D–F): As for genus. Radular formula (45.17.1.17.45) × 130 rows.  Range and habitat.  Stanisicarion freycinetiis found in dry sclerophyll forest and occasionally rainforest from around Nowra, south of Wollongong, to the Kempsey Valley, New South Wales. There is also a record from Brunswick Heads near the New South Wales-Queensland border (AM C374677). Specimens are usually found under logs and other debris on the ground.   Remarks.Both  Stanisicarion freycinetiand  S. virenshave been observed to have very distinctive egg masses, shaped with spiralling grooves and coming to a point at the top (like a soft-serve ice-cream) (see Figure 6K). Most other Australian Helicarionidaeappear have smooth spherical eggs (e.g.,  Mysticarion porrectus, C421841; Figure 6C). One unusual feature noted in  S. freycinetiwas the presence of deep pilasters inside the capsular gland. These were absent in all other species, with the exception of  Fastosarion superba. The capsular gland has been shown in the ariophantid  Ariophanta ligulata( Férussac, 1821)to form the final coating on eggs as they are being laid ( Dasen 1933). This soft coating then hardens into a capsule. It appears possible that deep pilasters in the capsular gland of  S. freycinetimay be responsible for the distinctive sculpture of the egg capsule. 2001-01-21 AM S. A. Clark & M. Shea & A. C. Miller & L. Puslednik Australia -33.666668 Hawkesbury Rd. 1204 150.65 49 50 C391188 1 New South Wales