Revision of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Marquesas Islands
Wagner, Warren L.
Wagner, Anthony J.
Lorence, David H.
PhytoKeys
2013
2013-11-27
30
33
64
67AB1C1F-9BEF-5EDB-97A0-32492581C689
F. Br., Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 130: 272. 1935.
F. Br., Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 130: 272. 1935.
Dicotyledoneae
Gesneriaceae
Cyrtandra
GBIF
Plantae
Cyrtandra feaniana
Tubiflorae
13
46
Angiospermae
species
feaniana
Type. Marquesas Islands: Hiva Oa: Feani, 800 m, 8 December 1921, F.B.H. Brown 827 (holotype: BISH-509530!)
Description. Shrub 1.5-3 m; stems glabrous or with a few scattered hairs when young. Leaves opposite, lanceolate to elliptic, 2.5-19 x1.3-7.2 cm, glabrous, margins crenulate-serrulate, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate, petioles 1-5 cm. Flowers 1-3 in cymes arising in the leaf axils, usually somewhat shorter than the leaves, glabrous or with scattered hairs, peduncles 10-45 mm long, ca. 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter, pedicels 18-35 mm long, bracts inconspicuous, narrowly lanceolate or triangular, 1-5 mm long, deciduous; calyx usually white, occasionally greenish white, 10-24 mm, divided nearly to the base, lobes lanceolate, tardily deciduous; corolla white, glabrous externally, tube 18-23 mm long, the lobes subequal, broadly obovate, 10-12 mm long; ovary narrowly ovoid, glabrous, style ca. 7 mm long, minutely puberulent. Berries pale orange, ca. 15 mm long, narrowly ovoid, glabrous.
Distribution. Marquesas Islands, occurring on Hiva Oa and Tahuata, and known from a few collections made in 1922 on Nuku Hiva and Ua Huka, from 700 to 1100 m.
Ecology. Cyrtandra feanianais known from ridges and summit areas of montane wet forest dominated by Metrosideros collinaand other shrubs and trees such as Weinmannia marquesanaforest with diverse fern understory and other shrubs and trees such as species of Coprosma, Crossostylis, Freycinetia, Ilex, Melicope, Polyscias, Psychotria, and Xylosma.
Conservation status. IUCN Red List Category: Endangered EN B1ab (i,ii,iii) + 2ab (i,ii,iii). B2: total area of occupancy less than 5000 km2 (ca. 799 km2). B1a, severely fragmented; B1b (i-iii), habitat continuing decline inferred. The suitable habitat for Cyrtandra feanianaon Nuku Hiva (ca. 340 km2), Ua Huka (ca. 83 km2), Hiva Oa (ca. 315 km2), and Tahuata (ca. 61 km2) is restricted to mountain slopes and summits, indicated as an endangered environment that is threatened by human activity (deforestation and fire), feral animals, and invasive plants, reducing the extent of the forest ( Florence and Lorence 1997; Mueller-Dombois and Fosberg 1998; Meyer and Salvat 2009).
Specimens examined. Marquesas Islands. Nuku Hiva:Toovii, 800-1000 m, October 1922, Quayle 1335 (BISH, BKL, US). Ua Huka:9 November 1922, Quayle, 1792 (BISH); 9 November 1922, Quayle 1750 (BISH). Hiva Oa:Feani, 800 m, Brown 827 (BISH); Feani, 3900 ft, 23 January 1932, LeBronnec 804 (BISH); Feani ridge to upper slopes of dry side of island, 1050 m, 12 February 1975, Oliver & Schaefer3152 (BISH, CBG, US); Feani, 1000 m, 11 November 1989, MacKee & Cherrier 44704 (BISH); sentier d'Atuona ala cretede Feani, haute vallee coteAtuona, 980 m, 6 November 1975, Schaefer5943 (BISH, CBG, CHR, NSW, PTBG, US [2]); Atuona-Feani Trail, crest of ridge and top of leeward slope, 1200-1300 m, 24-26 September 1963, Sachet & Decker 1152 (BISH, CBG, CHR, MO, NSW, PTBG, US [2]); Mt. Feani, trail from Atuona to Hanamenu, 1180 m, 10 February 1975, Oliver & Schaefer3101 (BISH, CBG, CHR, L, MO, NSW, PTBG,US); Mt. Feani, trail from Atuona to Hanamenu, 1180 m, 11 February 1975, Oliver & Schaefer3111 (BISH, US); Mt. Feani, trail from Atuona to Hanamenu, 1120 m, 5 March 1975, Oliver & Schaefer3238 (BISH, CBG, CHR, NSW, US), Oliver & Schaefer3239 (BISH, CBG, US); 30 m above camp near "the source" (Vaiumete) on trail from Atuona to Hanamenu, 1000 m, 29 Jan 2003, Price, Dunn & Lorence 200 (P, PAP, PTBG, US); Feani area, on Hanamenu trail, summit crest, heading from Vaiumete et Vaiumioi (source) toward Hanamenu, 1090 m, 9°47'9.86"S, 139°4'7.06"W, 30 Jan 2003, Perlman, Wood, Lorence, Meyer & Dunn 18348 (BISH, P, PAP, PTBG, US); Atuona, piste de Hanamenu, NW du Mt. Temetiu, 1090 m, 9°48'S, 139°5'W, 30 July 1988, Florence, Lorence, Perlman & Wagner 9634 (BISH, K, P, PAP, PTBG, US); chemin d'Atuona aHanamenu par Feani, 1040 m, 11 February 1975, Schaefer5174 (MPU), Schaefer5174B (MPU), Schaefer5174C (MPU); Vaipahee Falls area, ridge crest, Kaava ridge further toward Feani, 914 m, 9 August 1988, Perlman 10261 (AD, BISH, E, F, MO, NY, P, PTBG, US); trail to Feani and Hanamenu, 3300 ft [1006 m], 29 July 1988, Perlman, Wagner, Lorence & Florence 10178 (BISH); trail to Feani and Hanamenu, along plateau rim and ridge trail, 1097 m, 30 July 1988, Perlman 10184 (BISH, PAP, PTBG); trail to Hanamenu, 1000 m, 9°47'9.29"S, 139°4'56.7"W, 1 August 2005, Perlman 19760 (AD, BISH, NY, P, PAP, PTBG, US); Matauuna, 27 February 1930, Pacific Entomol. Surv. HO 1004 b (BISH); above Atuona, 700 m, 6 October 1930, Pacific Entomol. Surv. Ex 47 (BISH); 3900 ft [1189 m], 23 January 1932, Pacific Entomol. Surv. 6B 804 (BISH); windswept summit, along trail between Mt. Feani and Timetiu, 1100 m, 30 July 1988, Wagner & Lorence 6223 (BISH, P, PTBG, US); N side of Mt. Temetiu, 1100 m, 23 March 1929, Mumford & Adamson 151 (BISH, S, UC); NE slope of Mt. Temetiu, 2200 ft, 24 July 1929, Mumford & Adamson 467 (BISH, S); N side of Mt. Temetiu, 1100 m, 9 October 1930, Pacific Entomol. Surv. 151 (BISH); Temetiu, 1189 m, 9°48'S, 139°4'W, 25 August 1995, Wood 4378 (BISH, MO, PAP, PTBG, US); summit of Temetiu, top of highest peak, 1262 m, 25, August 1995, Perlman, Wood & Meyer 14880 (PAP, PTBG, US, WU); summit of Mt. Ootua, 920 m, 10 May 1929, Mumford & Adamson 388 (BISH, S, UC); Mt. Ootua, central part, 860 m, 29 July 1977, Gagne1214 (BISH, US); Mt. Ootua, off road between Airport and Puamau, along ridge and summit, on N facing slope, 841- 866 m, 21 August 1995, Perlman & Wood 14863 (AD, BISH, MO, P, PAP, PTBG, US, WU); Mt. Ootua, summit area, 830 m, 9°46'25"S, 138°58'27.5"W, 19 Feb 2003, Perlman 18476 (BISH, P, PAP, PTBG, US); Mt. Ootua summit area, 838 m, 9°45'9.90"S, 138°58'29.5"W, 19 July 2004, Perlman & Wood 19215 (BISH, P, PAP, PTBG, US). Tahuata:Summit of ridge above Vaitahu, near Haaoiputeomo, on ridge near antenna, along ridge crest between Vaitahu & Hanatetena, 823 m, 1 September 1995, Perlman, Wood & Luce 14923 (PAP, PTBG, US); summit ridge near Haaiputeomo, satellite dish region NE of Vaitahu, 762-823 m, 9°57'19"S, 139°5'7.4"W, 17-19 July 1997, Wood 6570 (BISH, P, PAP, PTBG, US, WU); Haaoiputeomo, on SE side of slope above village of Hanatetena, summit ridge of island, 793 m, 2 September 1995, Perlman, Wood & Luce 14932 (BISH, P, PAP, PTBG, US, WU); ridge between Amatea & Haaoiputeomo, SE facing slopes and cliffs over Hanatetena village, 835 m, 11 July 1997, Perlman, Wood & Luce 15953 (PTBG, US) & 847 m, 15956 (P, PAP, PTBG, US, WU); ridge between Amatea and Haaoiputeomo, S facing slope, 786 m, 9°56'S, 139°4'W, 19 July 1997, Perlman 16025 (PAP, PTBG, US), 750 m, Perlman 16017 (MO, P, PAP, PTBG, US, WU); au-dessus de Hamatea, sur la cretecentrale de U'ua'o, 850 m, 31 May 1975, Thibault 82 (BISH, CBG, PTBG, US).
Discussion. Cyrtandra feanianaalong with the closely related Cyrtandra ootensisare the most commonly occurring species of Cyrtandrain the Marquesas Islands. In addition Cyrtandra feanianahas the widest distribution, along with Cyrtandra ootensis, occurring on four islands, although seemingly rare on Nuku Hiva and Ua Huka and has not been collected on either island since 1922. Specimens with more than a few hairs on various parts of the plant are here identified as Cyrtandra ootensis. This includes all of the specimens from Fatu Hiva that are nearly glabrous, but have much larger leaves like other populations of Cyrtandra ootensis. Alternatively, it is possible that these glabrate Fatu Hiva populations represent hybrids or hybrid derivatives between Cyrtandra feanianaand Cyrtandra ootensis. This hypothesized hydridization if correct would require the colonization of Fatu Hiva by Cyrtandra feanianafollowed by hybridization with Cyrtandra ootensisto produce the glabrate larger-leaved plants. Figure 9. Cyrtandra feanianaF. Br. AHabit BInflorescence CFlower, lateral view DCalyx EFlower, face view FFruit. Drawn from Perlman 18476 (US) and photographs of Perlman 14932 ( A, F), Perlman 14863 (US) and Photographs ( B, C, E), and Schafer 980 ( D).