Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae) Lowry Ii, Porter P. Haevermans, Thomas Labat, Jean-Noël Schatz, George E. Leroy, Jean-François Wolf, Anne-Elizabeth Adansonia 2000 3 2000-12-31 22 1 11 31 J.-F. Leroy, Lowry, Haevermans, Labat & G.E. Schatz J. - F. Leroy, Lowry, Haevermans, Labat & G. E. Schatz 2000 Magnoliopsida Sarcolaenaceae Perrierodendron Plantae Malvales 12 23 Tracheophyta species occidentalis sp. nov.   Arbor 3-20 malta. Folia petiolo (0.3-)0.5-1(-1.5) longo, indumento stellato obtecto; lamina obovata usque elliptica, chartacea, 3-6.5(-8) × 2-5 cm, utrinque indumento stellato parce induta, apice truncata retusa obtusave, margine integra vel irregulariter subundulata, basi truncata obtusa emarginatave, nervis secundariis 5- ad 10-jugatis. Inflorescentia axillaris ex floribus 1 ad 5 constans, aliquando in axilla inter ramulum et axin florem solitarium gerens; axe primario 0.5-2 cmlongo, parce stellato-strigoso; pedunculis 1-5 mmlongis, indumento stellato dense obtectis; involucro sub anthesi ca. 2 mmin diam., dense papilloso-strigoso, florem sessilem solitarium ca. 2.5 cmin diam. includente. Flos sepalis 5, imbricatis, coriaceis, asymmetricis, duobus externis ca. 3 × 1 mm, tribus internis 5-6 × ca. 4 mm; petalis 5, obovatis, 8-9(-10) × ca. 6 mm, glabris, apice rotundatis emarginatis, basi breviter unguiculatis; staminibus 50 ad 55 infructu persistentibus; ovario imperfecte biloculari in quoque loculo ovula duo gerente, breviter conico, a basi usque ad styli basin dense piloso, ca. 3.5 × 3 mm; stylo glabro, ca. 3.5 mmlongo, ca. 1 mmin diam. Fructus late obovoideus, apice in rostrum brevem conicum productus, 1.2-1.5 × 0.7-0.9 cm, exocarpio tenui, crustaceo, utrinque laevi (eporcato), trichomatibus stellato-strigosis ramulos 1-2 mmlongos gerentibus vestito; involucro maturitate ca. 0.7 cmin diam. cum staminium reliquiis persistentibus cupulam sub fructu formante; seminibus in quoque fructu uno duobusve.   TYPUS. —  Service Forestier( Capuron) 20603, Madagascar, Prov. Toliara, forêt d’Analamarina( Hazoroa) au sud-estde Sakaraha, [ 23°00’S, 44°33’E],  500-600 m,  28 Dec. 1961, fr. ( holo-, P!;  iso-, P!, TEF).  Trees 3-20 mtall. Young twigs with stellate indumentum. Leaves obovate to elliptical, dull brown above, dull green below (in dry material), chartaceous, 3-6.5(-8) × 2-5 cm, with scattered stellate indumentum on both surfaces, apex truncate or retuse to obtuse, margin subentire, slightly undulate, base truncate to obtuse or emarginate, venation brochidodromous, with ca. 5-10 pairs of alternate to subopposite secondary veins, midrib weakly channeled above, raised below; petiole (0.3-)0.5- 1(-1.5) long, adaxially canaliculate, covered with stellate indumentum; stipules linear, caducous, 1.5- 2 mmlong. Inflorescences axillary, with 1-5 flowers, primary axis 0.5-2 cmlong, sparsely stellate-strigose, occasionally with an axillary flower borne between the stem and the inflorescence axis; peduncles 1-5 mmlong, densely covered with stellate indumentum; bracts minute (?), caducous; involucre in flower ca. 2 mmin diam., densely papillate-strigose, containing a single sessile flower ca. 2.5 cmin diam.; sepals 5, imbricate, coriaceous, asymmetrical, the 2 small external ones 3 × 1 mm, narrowly triangular, the 3 larger internal ones ca. 5- 6 × 4 mm, glabrous and papyraceous where covered by the adjacent sepals, densely stellate strigose below where exposed;petals5,contorted in opposite direction from sepals, obovate, ca. 8-9(-10) × 6 mm, glabrous, apex rounded, notched, claw short; disc cupuliform, 0.5 mmhigh, margin entire; stamens ca. 50-55, persistent in fruit, filament 5 mmlong, anthers 1 × 1 mm, basifixed; ovary shortly conical, densely pilose (glabrous at the base of the style), 3.5 × 3 mm, with 2 incomplete locules each containing 2 ovules; style glabrous, 3.5 mmlong, 1 mmin diam., stigma 1 mmlong, crateriform, margin distinctly undulate. Fruits broadly obovoid, 1.2-1.5 × 0.7-0.9 cm, apex extended into a short conical rostrum, exocarp thin, crustaceous, smooth on outer and inner surfaces, without ridges, branches of stellate-strigose indumentum 1-2 mmlong, transparent yellow with a reddish core, endocarp thin, crustaceous; involucre forming a cup with persistent remains of the stamens, 0.7 cmin diam. at maturity; seeds 1-2 per fruit, spherical or hemispherical, 6-9mmin diam.,brown, cotyledons very contorted, radicle included, 3-4 mmlong. — Fig. 6.   Perrierodendron occidentalisis widely distributed in western Madagascar, extending from Isalo PN to Ambalabe and Analamary in the S, with an outlying population at Manongarivo SSE of Soalala in the NW ( Fig. 4). It occurs on sandy substrates in seasonally dry, deciduous forests. With the exception of one collection made in 1973 and another last year,  P. occidentalishas not been recorded since the early 1960s. This species closely resembles  P. boinense, but can be distinguished from it by having smooth (unribbed) fruit with the apex extended into a short, conic rostrum, a thin, crustaceous endocarp, and sepals ca. 5-6 mmlong and petals ca. 8-9(-10) mm long.  VERNACULAR NAMES. — Fotona, Nato, Tsiandala, Tsitaka.    PARATYPES. — MADAGASCAR,  Prov. Fianarantsoa:  Cremers 3584, Ambasy, ouest Ambalavao, [ 21°28’S, 46°12’E],  900-1000 m,  9 Dec. 1974, fl. ( P[2 sheets], TAN);   Decary 16384, Isalo PN, [22°08’- 22°40’S, 45°10’- 45°24’E],  2 Nov. 1940, fl. ( P);    Humbert 19511, Isalo PN, sudde Sahanafa, [ 22°20’S, 45°18’E],  1000 m,  28 Nov.-4 Dec. 1946, fl. ( P[2 sheets]);   SF 4- R-258, Lalanandro, [ 22°18’S, 46°06’E],  29 Jan. 1925, ster. ( P);   SF 59-R-141, Ambondrona, [ 21°54’S, 46°52’E],  9 June 1954, ster. ( P);   SF 74-R-47, Lalanandro, [ 22°18’S, 46°06’E],  1 June 1952, ster. ( P);   SF 239-R-239, Isalo PN, [22°08’- 22°40’S, 45°10’- 45°24’E],  23 July 1955, ster. ( P);   SF 13761, Massif d’Ingaro, Ambalavao, [ 21°36’S, 46°22’E],  13 Feb. 1955, fr. ( P, TEF),   SF 13878, Isalo PN, [22°11’- 22°43’S, 45°10’- 45°21’E],  22 Jul. 1955, ster. ( P, TEF).   Prov. Mahajanga:  Perrier de la Bâthie 1644, Manongarivo( Ambongo), [ 16°16’S, 45°22’E],  Nov. 1903, fl. ( P).   Prov. Toliara:   Humbert 19395, bassin de la Malio(affluent de Mangoky), près d’Ambalabe, [ 21°58’S, 45°15’E],  400-450 m,  23-27 Nov. 1946, fl. ( P[2 sheets]);   Randrianaivoet al. 315, Zombitse PN,  12 kmE of Sakaraha,  1 kmN of Andranomaitso, 23°53’07”S, 44°38’42”E,  600-800m,  4 Feb. 1999, fr. ( G, K, MO, P, TAN);   SF 5-R-350, Sakaraha STF, [ 22°53’S, 44°32’E],  24 Feb. 1956, ster. ( P);   SF( Capuron) 20599, Analamary, forêt d’Analamarina( Hazoroa), au sud-estde Sakaraha, [ 23°00’S, 44°33’E],  28 Dec. 1961, bud ( P). 5183914349 1961-12-28 P Service Forestier & Capuron Madagascar 550 -23.0 d'Analamarina 1257 44.55 Sakaraha 12 23 1 Prov. Toliara holotype 5183914326 [990,1126,1676,1700] 1961-12-28 P, TEF de Sakaraha Madagascar 550 -23.0 Sakaraha 1257 44.55 Sakaraha 12 23 1 Toliara isotype 5183914310 1974-12-09 1974-12-09 1940-11-02 P, TAN Cremers Madagascar Prov. 950 -22.666666 Ambasy 1259 45.4 Cremers 14 25 SF 59, SF 74, SF 239, SF 13761, SF 13878 1 Prov. Fianarantsoa paratype 5183914332 1940-11-02 1974-12-09 1940-11-02 P Decary Madagascar Prov. 950 -22.666666 Isalo PN 1259 45.4 Cremers 14 25 SF 59, SF 74, SF 239, SF 13761, SF 13878 1 Fianarantsoa paratype 5183914372 1946-11-28 1946-12-04 1946-11-28 P Humbert Madagascar Prov. 1000 -22.666666 Isalo PN 1259 45.4 Sahanafa 14 25 SF 59, SF 74, SF 239, SF 13761, SF 13878 1 Fianarantsoa paratype 5183914346 1925-01-29 1974-12-09 1940-11-02 P SF Madagascar Prov. 950 -22.666666 Lalanandro 1259 45.4 Lalanandro 14 25 SF 59, SF 74, SF 239, SF 13761, SF 13878 1 Fianarantsoa paratype 5183914330 1954-06-09 1974-12-09 1940-11-02 P SF Madagascar Prov. 950 -22.666666 Ambondrona 1259 45.4 Ambondrona 14 25 SF 59, SF 74, SF 239, SF 13761, SF 13878 1 Fianarantsoa paratype 5183914304 1952-06-01 1974-12-09 1940-11-02 P SF Madagascar Prov. 950 -22.666666 Lalanandro 1259 45.4 Lalanandro 14 25 SF 59, SF 74, SF 239, SF 13761, SF 13878 1 Fianarantsoa paratype 5183914341 1955-07-23 1974-12-09 1940-11-02 P SF Madagascar Prov. 950 -22.666666 Isalo PN 1259 45.4 Cremers 14 25 SF 59, SF 74, SF 239, SF 13761, SF 13878 1 Fianarantsoa paratype 5183914367 1955-02-13 1974-12-09 1940-11-02 P, TEF SF Madagascar Prov. 950 -22.666666 Ambalavao 1259 45.4 Massif d'Ingaro 14 25 SF 59, SF 74, SF 239, SF 13761, SF 13878 1 Fianarantsoa paratype 5183914338 1955-07-22 1974-12-09 1940-11-02 P, TEF SF Madagascar 950 -22.666666 Isalo PN 1259 45.4 Cremers 14 25 1 Fianarantsoa paratype 5183914369 1903-11 1974-12-09 1940-11-02 P Perrier de la Bathie Madagascar Prov. 950 -22.666666 Ambongo 1259 45.4 Manongarivo 14 25 SF 59, SF 74, SF 239, SF 13761, SF 13878 1 Prov. Mahajanga paratype 5183914352 1946-11-23 1946-11-27 1946-11-23 P Humbert Madagascar Prov. 425 -22.666666 Malio 1259 45.4 Cremers 14 25 SF 59, SF 74, SF 239, SF 13761, SF 13878 1 Prov. Toliara paratype 5183914302 1999-02-04 1974-12-09 1940-11-02 G, K, MO, P, TAN Randrianaivo Madagascar Prov. 700 -22.666666 Andranomaitso 1259 45.4 Sakaraha 14 25 SF 59, SF 74, SF 239, SF 13761, SF 13878 1 Fianarantsoa paratype 5183914309 1956-02-24 1974-12-09 1940-11-02 P SF Madagascar Prov. 950 -22.666666 Sakaraha STF 1259 45.4 Cremers 14 25 SF 59, SF 74, SF 239, SF 13761, SF 13878 1 Fianarantsoa paratype 5183914306 1961-12-28 1974-12-09 1940-11-02 P SF & Capuron Madagascar Prov. 950 -22.666666 d'Analamarina 1259 45.4 Analamary 14 25 SF 59, SF 74, SF 239, SF 13761, SF 13878 1 Fianarantsoa paratype