A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina Whitfield, James B. Janzen, Daniel H. Winifred Hallwachs, Dyer, Lee A. Smith, M. Alex Hebert, Paul D. N. Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. ZooKeys 2019 890 1 685 http://zoobank.org/82BE301F-4B50-4C32-A9E5-994A9EBC3F1F Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Insecta Braconidae Glyptapanteles GBIF Animalia Glyptapanteles sujeevanratnasinghami Hymenoptera 0 1 Arthropoda species sujeevanratnasinghami  Female. Body length 2.37 mm, antenna length 3.23 mm, fore wing length 2.48 mm.  Type material.    Holotype: COSTA RICA• 1♀; 07-SRNP-67768, DHJPAR0027506;  Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Potrero Argentina; pastures; Malaise;  520 m; 10.89021, -85.38803;  09.viii.2007; DH Janzen& W Hallwachsleg.; ( CNC).   Paratypes.• 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67051, DHJPAR0025589; same data as for holotype except:  21.viii.2007; ( CNC). • 1 ( 1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67156, DHJPAR0025694; same data as for holotype except:  15.viii.2007; ( CNC). • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) ( 1♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67236, DHJPAR0025774; same data as for holotype, except:  10.viii.2007; ( CNC). • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67268, DHJPAR0025806; same data as for holotype except:  21.viii.2007; ( CNC). • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67790, DHJPAR0027528; same data as for holotype except:  07.xi.2007; ( CNC). • 1 ( 1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-3891, DHJPAR0027545; same data as for holotype except:  18.i.2008; ( CNC). • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) ( 1♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-3889, DHJPAR0027543; same data as for holotype except:  12.i.2008; ( CNC).  Other material.  Reared material.  COSTA RICA:   Areade Conservacion Guanacaste,  Guanacaste,  Sector Pitilla,  Sendero Mismo: • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) ( 1♀, 0 ♂); 11-SRNP-31020, DHJPAR0043089; rain forest;  680 m; 10.98758, -85.41967;  16.iv.2011; Petrona Riosleg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoon in larval mummy formed on 21.iv.2011; adult parasitoid emerged on 29.iv.2011. • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) ( 1♀, 0 ♂); 11-SRNP-31035, DHJPAR0043100; same data as for preceding except:  19.iv.2011; cocoon adhered to the leaf substrate.   Areade Conservacion  Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Memo: • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) ( 1♀, 0 ♂); 11-SRNP-31023, DHJPAR0043082; rain forest;  740 m; 10.98171, -85.42785;  16.iv.2011; Freddy Quesadaleg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 21.iv.2011; adult parasitoid emerged on 04.v.2011.  Malaise-trapped material.   COSTA RICA:   Area de Conservacion Guanacaste,  Guanacaste,  Sector Cacao,  Sendero Cima: • 1 ( 1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 99-SRNP-19182, DHJPAR0013441; cloud forest; Malaise;  1460 m; 10.93328, -85.45729;  18.x.1999; DH Janzen& W Hallwachsleg.   Areade ConservacionGuanacaste, Alajuela, Sector RinconRain Forest, Vado Rio  Francia: • 1 ( 1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-66912, DHJPAR0025450; Malaise;  400 m; 10.90093, -85.28915;  17.vii.2007; DH Janzen& W Hallwachsleg.• 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-41764, DHJPAR0026207; same data as for preceding except:  25.iii.2008. • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 08-SRNP-41743, DHJPAR0026186; same data as for preceding except:  08.iii.2008. • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 08-SRNP-41727, DHJPAR0026170; same data as for preceding except:  18.ii.2008. • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-41714, DHJPAR0026157; same data as for preceding except:  12.ii.2008.   Areade ConservacionGuanacaste, Alajuela, Sector  San Cristobal,   RioBlanco Abajo: • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-66577, DHJPAR0025115; rain forest; Malaise;  500 m; 10.90037, -85.37254;  04.vii.2007; DH Janzen& W Hallwachsleg.• 1 ( 1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-3080, DHJPAR0026661; same data as for preceding except:  12.iii.2008. • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 08-SRNP-3126, DHJPAR0026707; same data as for preceding except:  18.iii.2008. • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) ( 1♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-3197, DHJPAR0026778; same data as for preceding except:  24.iii.2008. • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-3540, DHJPAR0027121; same data as for preceding except:  23.iv.2008. • 1 ( 1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-3572, DHJPAR0027153; same data as for preceding except:  23.iv.2008.   Areade ConservacionGuanacaste, Alajuela, Sector  San Cristobal,  Bosque Trampa Malaise: • 1 ( 1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67393, DHJPAR0025931; rain forest;  815 m; 10.86280, -85.38460;  16.vi.2007; DH Janzen& W Hallwachsleg.• 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 07-SRNP-67449, DHJPAR0025987; same data as for preceding except:  22.vi.2007. • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67500, DHJPAR0026038; same data as for preceding except:  10.vii.2007. • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67802, DHJPAR0027598; same data as for preceding except:  03.viii.2007. • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 07-SRNP-67840, DHJPAR0027636; same data as for preceding except:  01.xi.2007.   Areade ConservacionGuanacaste, Alajuela, Sector  San Cristobal,   EstacionSan Gerardo: • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67345, DHJPAR0025883; rain forest;  575 m; 10.88009, -85.38887;  15.viii.2007; DH Janzen& W Hallwachsleg.  Diagnosis. Hind coxa punctate only ventrally ( Fig. 208A, J), hind telotarsus longer than fourth tarsomere, distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate, phragma of the scutellum completely concealed ( Fig. 208F) propodeum medially rhomboid-shaped with transverse rugae, but no trace of median longitudinal carina ( Fig. 208F), anteroventral contour of mesopleuron convex ( Fig. 208A, I), edges of median area on T2 polished and followed by a deep groove ( Fig. 208G, H), and fore wing with r vein curved, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a slight stub ( Fig. 208K).   Figure 208.  Glyptapanteles sujeevanratnasinghamisp. nov. female 07-SRNP-67156 DHJPAR0025694, 07-SRNP-67768 DHJPAR0027506 AHabitus B, DHead BFrontal view DDorsal view CHead, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view EMesonotum, dorsal view FScutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view GT1-3, dorsal view H, JMetasoma HDorsal view JLateral view IMesosoma, lateral view KFore and hind wings, male 07-SRNP-67795 DHJPAR0027533.  Coloration ( Fig. 208 A-K). General body coloration satin black except scape and pedicel yellow, but inner and outer sides brown; first three-four proximal antennal flagellomeres dorsally lighter (light brown) than ventrally (dark brown), remaining flagellomeres dark brown on both sides; tegulae, labrum, and mandible yellow; middle area of clypeus, middle area of face just below antennal sockets, propleuron distally, mesosternum, dorsal furrow of pronotum, area of mesoscutum just above of dorsal furrow of pronotum, epicnemial ridge, dorso-ventrally edge of mesopleuron, distal corners of mesoscutum, apex of scutellum, and lateral ends of metanotum with yellow-brown/reddish tints; glossa, maxillary and labial palps pale yellow/ivory. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs dark yellow, except coxae and trochanters pale yellow/ivory, and claws brown; hind legs dark yellow except proximal half of coxae black and distal half yellow-brown, femora distally brown, and tibiae (with both ends darker) and tarsomeres dark yellow/orange. Petiole on T1 brown, contours darkened and sublateral areas ivory/pale yellow; T2 with median and wide adjacent areas brown, both forming a rectangle-shape area, and lateral ends ivory/pale yellow; T3 medially brown, shape of that dark area coinciding in both proximally and distally extremes with the width of median plus adjacent areas on T2; however, dark area not reaching distal edge of T3, rather T3 distally with a wide yellow band, and lateral ends on T3 ivory/pale yellow; T4 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with a narrow ivory/pale yellow transparent band. In lateral view, T1-3 ivory/pale yellow; T4 yellow-brown; T5 and beyond brown. S1-3 ivory/yellow; S4 yellow, but medially with a brown spot; penultimate sternum and hypopygium brown.  Description.  Head( Fig. 208 A-D). Head rhomboid with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.23:0.08, 0.24:0.08, 0.24:0.08), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.15:0.06, 0.11:0.06), antenna longer than body (3.23, 2.37); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face flat or nearly so, punctate-lacunose, interspaces wavy and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate-lacunose and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.09, 0.11). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed. Vertex laterally pointed or nearly so and dorsally wide.  Mesosoma( Fig. 208A, E, F, I). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Distal 1/3 of mesoscutum with lateral margin slightly dented, punctation distinct throughout, interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation distinct throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, but not in the same plane, phragma of the scutellum completely concealed; BSonly very partially overlapping the MPM; ATSdemilune with a little, complete and parallel carinae, dorsal ATSgroove with semicircular/parallel carinae. Transscutal articulation with small and homogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation sloped, smooth and shiny. Metanotum with BMupward; MPMcircular without median longitudinal carina; AFMwithout setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM; PFMthick, smooth and with lateral ends rounded; ATM proximally with a groove with some sculpturing and distally smooth. Propodeum with transverse rugae, proximal half curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half rugose; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle distally framed by a short concave carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum and dorsal furrow smooth, but ventral furrow with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine punctations throughout and dorsally with a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron convex; precoxal groove deep with transverse lineate sculpture; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped.  Legs( Fig. 208A, J). Ventral margin of fore telotarsus slightly excavated and with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.12, 0.07). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface, dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.29, 0.20), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus longer than fourth tarsomere (0.15, 0.12).  Wings( Fig. 208K). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area; vein 2CUa absent and vein 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe very narrow, subdistally evenly convex and subproximally straightened, and setae evenly scattered in the margin.  Metasoma( Fig. 208A, G, H, J). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only laterally, petiole parallel-sided in proximal half and then narrowing (length 0.35, maximum width 0.16, minimum width 0.08) and with scarse pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.16, length T2 0.16), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.16, maximum width 0.19, minimum width 0.08); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.20, 0.16) and with scattered pubescence only distally. Pubescence on hypopygium scattered.  Cocoons.Beige or white oval cocoon with silk fibers evenly smooth. Cocoon adhered to the leaf substrate.  Comments. In some females, the whole propleuron is yellow-brown and the T3 distally lacking of a yellow band.  Male. Similar in shape and color to female; although the coloration on some body parts varies: the dark area on T3 extending to the distal edge. In some males (e.g., 08-SRNP-3540), the coloration of hind coxae is different: the coxae are black, but distally yellow-brown. Also, the metepimeron has some faintly transverse lineate sculpture. In other males, the hind coxae with two colorations: proximal half brown and distal half yellow-brown (e.g., 07-SRNP-66577). Other males have the entire propleuron yellow and the coloration of the mesopleuron is more distinctive than in females (e.g., 07-SRNP-67500). Some males with femora distally and tibiae proximally brown.  Etymology. Sujeevan Ratnasingham is (since 2010) the chair of Informatics, International Barcode of Life project (iBOLD).  Distribution. Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Pitilla (Sendero Memo and Sendero Mismo), during April 2011at 680 mand 740 min rain forest. Adult parasitoids were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Cacao (Sendero Cima), Sector RinconRain Forest (Vado Rio Francia), and Sector San Cristobal(Bosque Trampa Malaise, EstacionSan Gerardo, RioBlanco Abajo, and Potrero Argentina), during October 1999; June-August and November 2007; and January-April 2008 at 400, 500, 520, 575, 815 and 1,460 min pastures, rain forest and cloud forest.  Biology. The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is solitary.  Host.   Psaliodessp. Guenee( Geometridae: Larentiinae) feeding on  Cyathea multiflora( Cyatheaceae). Caterpillars were collected in third and fourth instar. 2456368407 2007-08-09 CNC de Conservacion & DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 520 10.89021 Potrero Argentina 1 -85.38803 Sector San Cristobal 1 1 Guanacaste holotype 2456368550 2007-08-21 CNC de Conservacion & DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 520 10.89021 Potrero Argentina 1 -85.38803 Sector San Cristobal 4 1 Guanacaste paratype 2456368467 2007-08-15 CNC de Conservacion & DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 520 10.89021 Potrero Argentina 1 -85.38803 Sector San Cristobal 4 1 Guanacaste paratype 2456368451 2007-08-10 CNC de Conservacion & DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 520 10.89021 Potrero Argentina 1 -85.38803 Sector San Cristobal 4 1 Guanacaste paratype 2456368392 2007-08-21 CNC de Conservacion & DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 520 10.89021 Potrero Argentina 1 -85.38803 Sector San Cristobal 4 1 Guanacaste paratype 2456368447 2007-11-07 CNC de Conservacion & DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 520 10.89021 Potrero Argentina 1 -85.38803 Sector San Cristobal 4 1 Guanacaste paratype 2456368433 2008-01-18 CNC de Conservacion & DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 520 10.89021 Potrero Argentina 1 -85.38803 Sector San Cristobal 4 1 Guanacaste paratype 2456368448 2008-01-12 CNC de Conservacion & DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 520 10.89021 Potrero Argentina 1 -85.38803 Sector San Cristobal 4 1 Guanacaste paratype 2456368397 2011-04-16 Petrona Rios Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 680 10.98758 Sendero Mismo 1 -85.41967 Sector Pitilla 4 1 Guanacaste 2456368420 2011-04-19 Petrona Rios Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 680 10.98758 Sendero Mismo 1 -85.41967 Sector Pitilla 4 1 Guanacaste 2456368871 2011-04-16 Freddy Quesada 740 10.98171 Guanacaste, Guanacaste 1 -85.42785 4 1 Guanacaste, Guanacaste 2456368538 1999-10-18 de Conservacion & DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Costa Rica Area de Conservacion 1460 10.93328 Sendero Cima 1 -85.45729 Sector Cacao 4 1 Guanacaste 2456368374 2007-07-17 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs France 400 10.90093 Malaise 1 -85.28915 4 1 2456368399 2008-03-25 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Francia 400 10.90093 Malaise 1 -85.28915 4 1 2456368994 2008-03-08 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Francia 400 10.90093 Malaise 1 -85.28915 4 1 2456368426 2008-02-18 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Francia 400 10.90093 Malaise 1 -85.28915 4 1 2456368989 2008-02-12 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Francia 400 10.90093 Malaise 1 -85.28915 4 1 2456368478 2007-07-04 Malaise & DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Saint Kitts and Nevis 500 10.90037 Rio Blanco Abajo 1 -85.37254 4 1 2456368415 2008-03-12 Malaise & DH Janzen & W Hallwachs San Cristobal 500 10.90037 Rio Blanco Abajo 1 -85.37254 4 1 2456369126 2008-03-18 Malaise & DH Janzen & W Hallwachs San Cristobal 500 10.90037 Rio Blanco Abajo 1 -85.37254 4 1 2456368410 2008-03-24 Malaise & DH Janzen & W Hallwachs San Cristobal 500 10.90037 Rio Blanco Abajo 1 -85.37254 4 1 2456368413 2008-04-23 Malaise & DH Janzen & W Hallwachs San Cristobal 500 10.90037 Rio Blanco Abajo 1 -85.37254 4 1 2456368439 2008-04-23 Malaise & DH Janzen & W Hallwachs San Cristobal 500 10.90037 Rio Blanco Abajo 1 -85.37254 4 1 2456368527 2007-06-16 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Saint Kitts and Nevis 815 10.8628 Bosque Trampa Malaise 1 -85.3846 4 1 2456368482 2007-06-22 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs San Cristobal 815 10.8628 Bosque Trampa Malaise 1 -85.3846 4 1 2456368375 2007-07-10 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs San Cristobal 815 10.8628 Bosque Trampa Malaise 1 -85.3846 4 1 2456368512 2007-08-03 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs San Cristobal 815 10.8628 Bosque Trampa Malaise 1 -85.3846 4 1 2456368495 2007-11-01 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs San Cristobal 815 10.8628 Bosque Trampa Malaise 1 -85.3846 4 1 2456368631 2007-08-15 DH Janzen & W Hallwachs Saint Kitts and Nevis 575 10.88009 Estacion San Gerardo 1 -85.38887 4 1