Gonyleptes horridus Gonyleptes bicuspidatus Collonychium bicuspidatum Metagonyleptes hamatus Paragonyleptes simoni Gonyleptes borgmeyeri Gonyleptes curvicornis Gonyleptes melloleitaoi Gonyleptes curvicornis Weyhia curvicornis New systematic assignments in Gonyleptoidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores) Pinto-da-Rocha, Ricardo Benedetti, Alipio Rezende de Vasconcelos, Eduardo Gomes Hara, Marcos Ryotaro ZooKeys 2012 198 25 68 http://species-id.net/wiki/Gonyleptes_horridus Kirby, 1819 Kirby 1819 Arachnida Gonyleptidae Gonyleptes CoL Animalia Gonyleptes horridus Opiliones 8 33 Arthropoda species horridus   Gonyleptes horridusKirby, 1819: 452, pl. 22, fig. 16 (♂); Kury 2003: 128; (male holotype, Brazil, NHM 1863.41, examined from detailed photos).  Gonyleptes bicuspidatusKoch, 1839: 13; (2 females syntypes, Brazil, NHMW, not examined; 2 males & 2 females syntypes, Brazil, ZMB 905, not examined). Syn. n.  Collonychium bicuspidatumBertkau, 1880: 108, pl. 2, fig. 39 (♀); (female nymph holotype, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro [Copacabana], ISNB, not examined). Syn. n.  Metagonyleptes hamatusRoewer, 1913: 213, fig. 89 (♂); (male holotype, Brazil, SaoPaulo, SMF 891, examined). Syn. n.  Paragonyleptes simoniRoewer, 1930: 379, fig. 12 (♂); (male holotype, Brazil, Santa Catarina, Serra Azul, SMF RII 1333, examined). Syn. n.  Gonyleptes borgmeyeri Mello-Leitao, 1932: 305, fig. 167 (♂); (male holotype, MNRJ, lost, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Petropolis). Syn. n.  Gonyleptes curvicornis Mello-Leitao, 1932: 305, fig. 166 (♂); (male holotype, MNRJ, lost, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia). Syn. n.  Gonyleptes melloleitaoiKury & Alonso-Zarazaga, 2011: 54 (replacement name for Gonyleptes curvicornis Mello-Leitao, secondary homonym of Weyhia curvicornisRoewer).  Material examined. BRAZIL. Locality not specified further, male holotype of Gonyleptes horridus, examined by digital photos (NHM 1863.41). SaoPaulo: SaoPaulo, male holotype of Metagonyleptes hamatus(SMF 891). Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro ( Gavea), 1 male (MZSP 1370). Santa Catarina: (Serra Azul), male holotype of Paragonyleptes simoni(SMF RII 1333).  Diagnosis.  Gonyleptes horriduscan be recognized by: the relatively larger size; anterior border of carapace smooth (without tubercles or spines in the corners); frontal hump on anterior border of carapace and ocularium with white small tubercles; prolateral apical apophysis of coxa IV long, with abrupt curvature backwards. Gonyleptes horridus, Gonyleptes perlatusand Gonyleptes pustulatuscan be distinguished from all other species of Gonyleptesby the robust and bifid (two distal tips) retrolateral apical apophysis of coxa IV. Females of Gonyleptes horridusand Gonyleptes perlatuspresent dimorphic sulfur yellow spines on the free tergites, not present in females of Gonyleptes pustulatus. Gonyleptes horriduscan be distinguished from Gonyleptes perlatusby the armature pattern of femur IV of the males (see note on Gonyleptes perlatusbelow). Gonyleptes horridushas relatively smaller tubercles on posterior part of the lateral margins of abdominal scutum than in Gonyleptes perlatus.  Description. Dorsal scutum length 7-9 mm. Anterior margin of carapace without tubercles or spines. Median frontal hump on anterior margin of carapace and ocularium with a pair of tubercles on each one (Fig. 6A). Four scutal grooves delimiting three scutal areas. Scutal areas I, II with low white tubercles in the median region; III with high paramedian tubercles. Lateral margin of dorsal scutum with flattened white tubercles. Pedipalps approximately same length as dorsal scutum. Prolateral apophyses of coxa IV elongated, strongly curved backwards, dorsal branch longest. Retrolateral apophysis of coxa IV bifid. Femur IV straight, with dorsobasal apophyses and longitudinal rows of spines (Fig. 6 B-C). Penis with typical Gonyleptinae-like pattern ( Kury 1992b). Tarsal segmentation: 6(3); 10-12(3); 7-8; 8-9. Females with dimorphic cones (one yellowish huge median spine) on free tergites II and III. General coloration brown with white tubercles (Fig. 6D). Penis (Fig. 7 A-C; MZSP 15496): ventral plate with a deep U-cleft on anterior margin (its distal tips convergent), 3 distal, 1 median and 4 basal pairs of setae, ventrally with a subdistal and a median pair of setae. Stylus sigmoid, with ventral subapical trichomes. Ventral process robust, apex as a flabellum with several small projections on distal margin.  Taxonomical note. All synonyms given in Kury (2003)for Gonyleptes horridusrefer, in fact, to Gonyleptes curvicornis(Roewer, 1913). The type material of Gonyleptes curvicornis Mello-Leitao, 1932 was lost, but the original descriptions and illustrations are sufficient to propose the present synonymy. The types of Metagonyleptes hamatusRoewer and Paragonyleptes simoniRoewer are identical to that of Gonyleptes horridusKirby. The record of Gonyleptes horridusin Santa Catarina (type locality of Paragonyleptes simoni)is dubious. The synonymy of Gonyleptes bicuspidatuswith Gonyleptes horridusis here proposed based on the reasoning of Kury (2003), who considered this nominal species as synonym of Collonychium bicuspidatum. In turn, Collonychium bicuspidatumis clearly a synonym of Gonyleptes horridus.  Figure 6. Gonyleptesspp. male dorsal habitus and femora IV: A-D Gonyleptes horridusKirby (HEMS 103): A habitus, dorsal view B right femur IV ventral view C ditto, dorsal view D picture of the holotype (NHM 1863.41). E-H Gonyleptes curvicornis(Roewer) (MZSP 0871): E habitus, dorsal view F right femur IV ventral view G ditto, dorsal view H picture of a live specimen. B, C at same scale. F, G at same scale. Scale bars: 1 mm.  Figure 7. Gonyleptes horridusKirby. Distal part of penis (MZSP 15496) A dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, left lateral view. Scale bar: 0.02 mm.