Noronhia candicans A taxonomic revision of the genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands Hong-Wa, Cynthia Boissiera 2016 2016-10-21 70 1 292 47QH3 1345050 H. Perrier H. Perrier [499,889,380,408] Magnoliopsida Oleaceae Noronhia Plantae Lamiales 60 60 Tracheophyta species candicans    Lectotypus(designated here): MADAGASCAR. Prov. Mahajanga: Bassinmoyen du Bemarivo(Boina), [ 15°27’S 47°40’E],  IX.1902,  Perrier de la Bâthie8829( P[ P00418071]!; isolecto-: P[ P00418072]!).  Syntypus: Bassinmoyen du Bemarivo(Boina), [ 15°27’S 47°40’E],  500 m,  IX.1902,  Perrier de la Bâthie8828( P[ P00418073]!).   Description  Shrubsto small trees to 5 mtall, trunk to 10 cmdiameter; young twigs cylindrical, 0.7-1.8 mmdiameter, glabrous; bark medium gray, smooth to slightly rugose. Leavesopposite, persistent; bud scales persistent; blades dark green above, lighter below, oblong to broadly elliptic, 4-12 3 1.6-5.2 cm, very coriaceous, glabrous, domatia absent, base acute to truncate, margin flat to slightly undulate, apex acute to acuminate, the acumen 1-16 mmlong, midrib sunken above, distinctly raised below, secondary veins barely visible, 7-12 per side, 5-15 mmapart, looping 1-6 mmfrom the margin; petiole medium to light gray, 3-10 3 1.1-2.7 mm, entirely woody, glabrous. Flowersfasciculate; pedicel 3-20 mmlong, sparsely pubescent; calyx sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, lobes triangular, 2-2.6 3 1.5-2 mm; corolla purplish brown, urceolate, 4.5-7 mmlong, glabrous on both sides, the tube 3-5 mmlong, lobes widely ovate, apex obtuse; corona present, 1.2-1.7 mmlong, undivided; stamens 1.8-2 mmlong, anthers oblong, 1.3-1.8 mmlong; pistil 2.2-2.5 mmlong, stigma capitate. Fruitingpedicel 4-25 3 1-1.5 mm; young fruits green, reddish when mature, ovoid, 10-17.5 3 6-10 mm, surface smooth, apex apiculate to rostellate, the rostellum flattened, rounded, style persistent; dry pericarp 0.3-1.3 mmthick; endocarp woody; seed 7.5-10.5 3 5-6 mm.   Distribution, ecology and phenology   Noronhia candicansoccurs in low- to mid-elevation dry forests from Montagne des Français and Daraina in the north to Sofia in the west ( Fig. 3). It produces flowers and fruits from September to March.   Conservation status There were 28 collections representing 21 localities available for analysis, which resulted in an EOO of 27,250 km 2, an AOO of 68 km 2, and 14 subpopulations representing 10 locations, of which seven occur within protected areas (Andavakoera-Andrafiamena-Ambohipiraka, Ankarana, Loky-Manambato, and Montagne d’Ambre). The actual AOO is likely larger but would not exceed 2,000 km 2. In addition, the locations that are not encompassed within protected areas are affected by fire, land conversion, and illegal and/or artisanal mining resulting in habitat degradation and loss and reduction in the number of mature individuals. Therefore,  N. candicansis assigned a preliminary status of “Vulnerable” [VU B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab (i,ii,iii,iv,v)].   Notes   Noronhia candicanscan be recognized by its very coriaceous, oblong to elliptic leaf blades, with barely visible venation and its fasciculate, purplish-brown flowers. It differs from  N. crassinodisH. Perrierby its oblong to elliptic (vs. ovate) leaf blades with an acute to acuminate (vs. mucronulate) apex, barely visible (vs. conspicuous) venation, and purplish brown (vs. reddish) flowers. This species was described based on two syntypes, Perrier de la Bâthie 8828and 8829, of which a specimen of the latter was chosen as the lectotypeas it has more reproductive organs.   Additional specimens examined   MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: AnkaranaRS, 12°54’43”S 49°06’39”E,  180 m,  19. II.1994,  Andrianarisata45( MO, P);  ibid. loc., 12°54’36”S 49°06’25”E,  130 m,  16.X.1997,  Bardot-Vaucoulon775( K, MO, P, TAN);  ibid. loc., tsingy close to Campement des Anglais, 12°50’47”S 49°06’18”E,  82 m,  25. V.1999,  De Block1013( BR, MO, P, TAN);  ibid. loc., from Campement des Anglaistowards Campement des Américains, 12°50’47”S 49°06’18”E,  82 m,  13. I.2002,  De Block1193( BR, G, MO, P, TAN);  Andrafiamena, Anjahankely, 12°55’00”S 49°20’25”E,  390 m,  27.XII.2010,  Burivalovaet al. 140( G, MO);  Daraina, forêt d’Antsahabe, 13°12’58”S 49°32’55”E,  830 m,  4.XII.2004,  Gautier4825( Daraina, G, K, MO, TEF);  Andrafiamena, Anjahankely, 12°54’46”S 49°19’37”E,  410 m,  10.XI.2010,  Gautier& Ranirison5382( G, MO);  Marivorahona, Betsimiranja, 12°56’27”S 49°07’21”E,  136 m,  18. I.2009, Hong-Wa 566( MO, P, TAN);  Sakaramy, Montagne d’AmbrePN, 12°26’41”S 49°13’45”E,  367 m,  30. V.2010, Hong-Wa 699( MO, P, TAN);  Andrafiabe, Mont Antsahabe, 12°54’50”S 49°19’41”E,  408 m,  3.VII.2010, Hong-Wa 723( MO, TAN);  AnkaranaRS, near Campement des Anglais, 12°54’42”S 49°06’42”E,  240-260 m,  22. V.1993,  Jongkind& Rapanarivo964( MO, P, TAN);  Tanambao-Marivorahona, 13°02’54”S 49°09’30”E,  154 m,  4.VII.2005,  Leopoldet al. 119( CNARP, G, MO, P, TAN);  Daraina, forêt de Bekaraoka, 13°06’32”S 49°42’28”E,  216 m,  12. II.2004,  Nusbaumer& Ranirison1154( Daraina, G, K, MO, TEF);  ibid. loc., Andranovaka, Ankijomantsina, 13°07’56”S 49°28’20”E,  75 m,  29.X.2005,  Rakotonandrasanaet al. 946( CNARP, G, MO, P, TAN);  ibid. loc., forêt de Binara, 13°14’14”S 49°37’19”E,  310 m,  28.III.2004,  Ranirison506( Daraina, G, K, MO, P, TEF);  ibid. loc., forêt d’Ambohitsitondroina, 13°07’56”S 49°28’08”E,  165 m,  7. I.2006,  Ranirison& Nusbaumer1057( Daraina, G, K, MO, TEF);  ibid. loc., 13°08’19”S 49°27’58”E,  200 m,  8. I.2006,  Ranirison& Nusbaumer1066( Daraina, G, K, MO, P, TEF);  Analabe, [ 14°03’S 49°43’E],  200 m,  13.IX.1955,  Service Forestier15497( TEF).  Prov. Mahajanga: Antsohihy, Antonibe, Anjajavy, 15°01’26”S 47°15’34”E,  24 m,  19.VIII.2007,  Rasoafaranaivoet al. 251( MO, P, TAN). 4023240599 1902-09 P du Bemarivo & Perrier de la Bathie Madagascar -15.45 Bassin 1285 47.666668 60 60 P00418071 1 Mahajanga lectotype 4023241189 [454,779,690,717] 1902-09 P du Bemarivo & Perrier de la Bathie Madagascar -15.45 Bassin 1285 47.666668 60 60 P00418072 1 Mahajanga isolectotype 4023240825 1902-09 P Perrier de la Bathie Madagascar 500 -15.45 1285 47.666668 60 60 P00418073 1 Mahajanga syntype 4023241281 1994-02-19 II, MO, P Andrianarisata Madagascar 180 -12.911944 Ankarana 21 49.110832 Prov. 61 61 1 Antsiranana 4023241361 1997-10-16 K, MO, P, TAN Bardot-Vaucoulon Madagascar 130 -12.91 Ankarana 21 49.10694 Prov. 61 61 1 Antsiranana 4023241278 1999-05-25 V, BR, MO, P, TAN De Block Madagascar 82 -12.846389 Campement des Anglais 21 49.105 Prov. 61 61 1 Antsiranana 4023240975 2002-01-13 I, BR, G, MO, P, TAN De Block Madagascar 82 -12.846389 Campement des Americains 21 49.105 Campement des Anglais 61 61 1 Antsiranana 4023240323 2010-12-27 G, MO Burivalova Madagascar 390 -12.916667 Anjahankely 21 49.340275 Andrafiamena 61 61 1 4023241277 2004-12-04 G, K, MO, TEF Gautier & Daraina Madagascar 830 -13.216111 d'Antsahabe 21 49.54861 Daraina 61 61 1 4023240574 2010-11-10 G, MO Gautier & Ranirison Madagascar 410 -12.912777 Anjahankely 21 49.326942 Andrafiamena 61 61 1 4023240469 2009-01-18 I, MO, P, TAN Madagascar 136 -12.940833 Betsimiranja 21 49.122498 Marivorahona 61 61 1 4023241264 2010-05-30 V, MO, P, TAN Madagascar 367 -12.444722 Montagne d'Ambre 21 49.229168 Sakaramy 61 61 1 4023240727 2010-07-03 MO, TAN Madagascar 408 -12.913889 Mont Antsahabe 21 49.328056 Andrafiabe 61 61 1 4023240556 1993-05-22 V, MO, P, TAN Jongkind & Rapanarivo Madagascar 250 -12.911666 Campement des Anglais 21 49.111664 Ankarana 61 61 1 4023241354 2005-07-04 CNARP, G, MO, P, TAN Leopold Madagascar 154 -13.048334 Tanambao-Marivorahona 21 49.158337 61 61 1 4023240711 2004-02-12 II, G, K, MO, TEF Nusbaumer & Ranirison Madagascar 216 -13.10889 Bekaraoka 21 49.70778 Daraina 61 61 1 4023241333 2005-10-29 CNARP, G, MO, P, TAN Rakotonandrasana Madagascar 75 -13.132222 Ankijomantsina 21 49.47222 Andranovaka 61 61 1 4023240932 2004-03-28 G, K, MO, P, TEF Ranirison Madagascar 310 -13.237223 Ankijomantsina 21 49.621944 Andranovaka 61 61 1 4023241447 2006-01-07 I, G, K, MO, TEF Ranirison & Nusbaumer Madagascar 165 -13.132222 d'Ambohitsitondroina 21 49.46889 Andranovaka 61 61 1 4023240852 2006-01-08 I, G, K, MO, P, TEF Ranirison & Nusbaumer Madagascar 200 -13.138611 d'Ambohitsitondroina 21 49.46611 Andranovaka 61 61 1 4023241079 1955-09-13 TEF Service Forestier Madagascar 200 -14.05 Analabe 1289 49.716667 61 61 1 4023240710 2007-08-19 MO, P, TAN Rasoafaranaivo Madagascar Prov. 24 -15.023889 Antonibe 21 47.259445 Antsohihy 61 61 1 Mahajanga