Phyllorhina rubra Noack, 1893: 586 A review of the bats (Chiroptera) of the Republic of Congo, including eight species new to the country Bates, Paul J. J. Cameron, Kenneth Pearch, Malcolm J. Hayes, Benjamin Acta Chiropterologica 2013 2013-12-01 15 2 313 340 3M388 (Noack, 1893) Noack 1893 [918,1326,461,487] Mammalia Hipposideridae Hipposideros Animalia Chiroptera 6 318 Chordata species ruber  Noack’s leaf-nosed bat      Phyllorhina rubraNoack, 1893: 586, pl. 18, f. 14, 15. Lugerrunjere, = Ngerengere River, Eastern Province, Tanzania.   New material   HZM.75.40173, ♂, HZM.76.40174, ♂,  29 July, 2012, Airport Road, Lekoumou, 2°45.724’S, 13°34.953’E;  HZM.77.40175, ♂, HZM.78.40176, ♂,  30 July, 2012, Lebayi Cave, Lekoumou, 2°42.045’S, 13°35.968’E. Itis listed without comment or details in Anciaux de Faveaux (1971), Baron (1999)and ACR (2012). However, these are the first authenticated records for Congo( Appendix I); it is considered by Happold and Happold (2013)to be probably fairly common in Africa in suitable habitats.   Description A small leaf-nosed bat with a forearm length of 50.5–52.1 mm( Table 2). The noseleaf is simple. There are two supplementary leaflets and the anteri- or leaf is without an emargination in the mid-part of its anterior border. Within the noseleaf, there is a narial lappet situated on the outer edge of each  FIG. 4.  Rhinolophus alcyone, HZM.16.40193, (A): superior connecting process; (B): sella; (C): baculum (dorsal view — left and lateral view — right). Scale for A and B = 2 mm; scale for C = 1 mm  TABLE 2. External measurements (mm) and bacular length (mm) of 14 bat species recently collected at Lekoumou, Congo. Acronyms explained in the Materials and Methods section include means, ranges, and, where relevant, standard deviations. Numbers in parentheses refer to sample size where they differ from those stated in column 2    Species No./sex FA EAR TIBIA HF TAIL BAC L MASS   Rhinolophidae    Rhinolophus alcyone ♂ 52.9 18.5 23.7 12.9 25.4 3.3 13.5  ♀ 53.0 22.4 24.5 12.2 23.6 * 12.5   Hipposideridae    Hipposideros ruber 4♂♂ 51.0 ± 0.75 14.3 ± 2.11 21.0 ± 1.45 8.7 ± 0.37 31.8 ± 2.82 0.8 (1) 9.2 ± 0.66  50.5–52.1 12.3–17.2 19.6–22.6 8.2–9.0 29.5–35.2 * 8.5–10.0    H. caffer ♂ 49.7 15.8 20.7 8.4 30.7  notfound 9.0    Triaenops afer ♂ 57.5 10.3 20.5 10.0 28.8 1.8 15.0  2♀♀ 54.4, 54.7 10.6, 13.3 18.4, 19.3 8.7, 9.8 28.8, 29.5 * 12.0 (1)   Nycteridae    Nycteris hispida ♂ 35.8 16.5 17.2 6.9 39.6 3.0 4.7   Vespertilionidae    Glauconycteris alboguttata♀ 39.5 9.2 19.5 8.6 40.4 * 8.9    G. beatrix ♀ 40.8 9.5 20.8 4.9 40.2 * 6.0    Hypsugo crassulus ♂ 26.7 7.8 11.6 6.1 * 3.9 4.0    Mimetillus moloneyi ♂ 30.2 8.1 11.0 6.9 27.3  notfound 9.5    Neoromicia brunnea ♂ 35.7 10.8 13.4 7.8 31.7 3.0 6.8    N. nana ♂ 31.1 7.6 13.5 5.8 24.9 1.8 3.8    N. tenuipinnis 2♀♀ 29.6, 30.4 8.7, 8.8 10.9, 11.3 6.1, 6.5 26.7, 27.7 * 3.8, 4.3    Pipistrellus nanulus ♂ 26.1 8.2 9.5 6.2 21.1 4.3 3.8   Miniopteridae    Miniopterus inflatus 2♂♂ 45.8, 46.6 8.6, 9.7 18.1, 18.2 9.8, 10.2 40.7, 42.8  notfound 8.5, 10.0  2♀♀ 45.4, 48.8 10.0, 10.1 17.3, 18.7 8.8, 10.5 42.3, 42.4 * 9.0, 9.5 nostril; the internarial septum is small and bluntly triangular. The intermediate leaf is cushion-like, shaped like an inverted triangle, and without distinctive features; it is narrower than the posterior leaf, which has one small indistinct compartment, separated by septa at each end of the leaf but is otherwise simple and featureless. Pelage colour (although difficult to determine in wet specimens) appears to range from dark brown to orange. Skull length (SL) is 18.71–19.30 mmand upper toothrow length (C–M 3) is 6.56–6.94 mm( Table 3). The anterior and postero-lateral chambers of the rostrum are both well inflated. The postero-median chambers are small and slightly inflated. The frontal depression is very shallow; the well defined supraorbital ridges join the well developed sagittal crest in the mid-part of the constriction between the rostrum and the braincase. The first upper premolar (P 2) is minute and lies in the toothrow or is extruded such that the canine is sometimes in contact with the second upper premolar (P 4). In the lower dentition, the first premolar (P 2) is three-quarters the crown area and half the height of the second premolar (P 4— Fig. 5B). The baculum is very short ( 0.8 mm) and simple ( Fig. 6A).   Taxonomic notes Although the measurements and morphology of the four specimens collected in Lekoumou closely correspond to  H. ruberas described in Monadjem et al. (2010), the work of Vallo et al. (2008), amongst others, clearly shows that this species, together with  H. caffer(see below), probably comprises a number of cryptic species. Vallo et al. (2008)suggested that there are at least two lineages in the CongoBasin but did notexpand on the taxonomic implications of these findings. Therefore, in the current study we have followed recent literature such as Simmons (2005)and Monadjem et al. (2010)and referred the five specimens of small African leaf-nosed bats collected syntopically in Lekoumou to  H. ruber(the larger form [CBL> 16.0 mm] — four specimens) and  H. caffer(the smaller form [CBL <16.0 mm] — one specimen). We expect however that they may be reassigned in the future when knowledge of the ruber-cafferspecies group is more complete. The subspecific status of these four specimens is notclear. Happold and Happold (2013)refer specimens from Senegalto Gabonto  H. ruber guineensisand those ranging from the Central African Republicand Angolato eastern Africa to  H. r. ruber.  TABLE 3. Cranial and dental measurements (mm) of 14 bat species recently collected at Lekoumou, Congo. Acronyms explained in the Materials and Methods section include means, ranges, and, where relevant,standard deviations. Numbers in parentheses refer to sample size where they differ from those stated in column 2    Species No./sex  GTL SL CBL CCL ZB  BB C–M 3 C–M 3  ML   Rhinolophidae    Rhinolophus alcyone  ♂ 23.90 23.35 21.27 20.53 11.97 9.28 8.77 9.47 16.09   ♀ 23.70 22.82 21.31 20.21 11.57 9.38 8.62 9.58 15.98   Hipposideridae    Hipposideros ruber  4♂ ♂ 19.30 ± 0.19 19.09 ± 0.26 16.89 ± 0.30 16.45 ± 0.27 10.55 ± 0.10 8.84 ± 0.36 6.80 ± 0.18 7.28 ± 0.16 12.36 ± 0.16  19.04–19.48 18.71–19.30 16.59–17.21 16.21–16.83 10.47–10.66 8.40–9.26 6.56–6.94 7.06–7.41 12.13–12.51    H. caffer  ♂ 18.26 18.13 15.83 15.45 * 8.61 6.18 6.78 11.40    Triaenops afer  ♂ 20.73 20.12 18.25 17.29 8.97 7.42 6.91 7.48 12.90   2♀ ♀ 19.52, 19.53 18.73, 19.02 17.23, 17.46 16.48, 16.68 8.78 (1) 7.41, 7.72 6.46, 6.61 7.01, 7.03 12.08, 12.12   Nycteridae    Nycteris hispida  ♂ * * * * 10.01 7.39 5.58 6.04 10.95   Vespertilionidae    Glauconycteris alboguttata  ♀ 13.50 * 13.49 12.92 9.91 7.62 4.76 5.30 10.18    G. beatrix  ♀ 11.74 * 11.44 11.40 8.52 7.14 4.19 4.48 8.56    Hypsugo crassulus  ♂ 13.80 * 12.15 11.52 8.45 6.75 4.47 4.92 9.05    Mimetillus moloneyi  ♂ 14.19 * 13.83 13.53 10.62 8.07 4.87 5.20 10.34    Neoromicia brunnea  ♂ 14.27 * 13.48 12.95 9.11 7.09 5.18 5.58 10.19    N. nana  ♂ 11.72 * 11.11 10.32 7.31 6.14 3.89 4.18 7.91    N. tenuipinnis  2♀ ♀ 12.83, 12.88 * 12.33, 12.44 11.67, 11.70 7.78, 7.98 6.21, 6.33 4.33, 4.44 4.78, 4.83 9.20, 9.32    Pipistrellus nanulus  ♂ 11.99 * 11.64 11.01 7.69 6.13 4.18 4.51 8.51   Miniopteridae    Miniopterus inflatus  2♂ ♂ 16.76, 17.16 16.13, 16.55 16.16, 16.28 15.09, 15.51 9.20, 9.40 7.85, 8.09 6.69, 6.72 6.94, 7.00 12.27, 12.50   2♀ ♀ 16.42,16.61 15.63,15.97 15.63, 15.95 14.74, 14.88 9.08 7.74, 7.93 6.65, 6.65 6.93, 6.94 12.03, 12.19  FIG. 5. Lateral view of anterior skull and mandible of (A):  Hipposideros caffer, HZM.244.40187, ♂ and (B):  H. ruber, HZM.78.40176, ♂. Scale = 2 mm The specimens from Congoare collected from a locality that is equidistant from both these subspecific geographical ranges. 2813185313 29 July, 2012 HZM Lekoumou -2.7620666 Airport Road 1 13.58255 Airport Road 6 318 HZM.75.40173, HZM.76.40174 2 2 2813185314 30 July, 2012 HZM Democratic Republic of the Congo However -2.7007499 Lebayi Cave 1 13.599466 It 6 318 2 2 Lekoumou