Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) Jimmy Cabra-García Antonio D. Brescovit Zootaxa 2016 2016-01-27 4069 1 1 183 3G97Q Cabra-García & Brescovit 2016 [151,417,617,643] Arachnida Tetragnathidae Glenognatha GBIF Animalia Araneae 99 100 Arthropoda species vivianae sp. nov.      Types.Male holotypefrom Barragem do Rio Paraitinga, Salesópolis, São Paulo, Brazil, [ 23º32´5.42´´S, 45º46´56.62´´W], elev. [  870m],  11–18.vi.2002, Eq. IBSPleg., deposited in IBSP 163681; Paratypes: 13♂ 10♀ from the type locality, 11–18.vi.2002, Eq. IBSP leg., deposited in IBSP 147861;  1♂from Reserva Natural da Cachoeira, Antonina, Paraná, Brazil, [ 25º24´2,4´´S, 48º41´18.75´´W], elev. [  100m],  28.vi–2.vii.2003, H.  Hofer et al.leg., deposited in IBSP  131182;  1♂ 2♀from Estaçao Braskem de Proteçao Ambiental, Triunfo,   Rio Grandedo Sul, Brazil, [ 29º56´28,27´´S, 51º41´24.41´´W], elev. [  6m],  19.xi.2002, R. Ottleg., deposited in MCN34952;  1♂ 1♀from Parque do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo,  São Paulo, Brazil, [ 23º39´11,45´´S, 46º37´47.15´´W], elev. [  811m],  13–20.v.2002, J. Valvassorileg., deposited in IBSP 59239.   Etymology.The species epithet is in honor of the first author’s wife, Viviana Motato-Vásquez, in acknowledgment of her constant support and encouragement. The name is a noun in genitive.   Diagnosis.Males of  G. vivianaecan be easily distinguished from all other  Glenognathaspecies by the bifurcated embolus tip ( Figs. 82D, 84C). Females resemble those of  G. australisby the bean-shaped spermathecae ( Figs. 83 A–D); distinguished from the latter species by having the Prt1 and Prt 2 subequal in size ( Fig. 81D).   Male ( holotype). Habitus as in Figures 80 A–D. Carapace brown, darker along furrows. Sternum brown with darker edges. Abdomen oval, with two irregular dusky bands that join medially in the posterior region. Silver guanine spots scattered in two longitudinal bands dorsally and in lateral surfaces. Venter with a median dusky band that ramifies laterally from posterior tracheal spiracle, guanine silver spots absent. Legs pale yellow-brownish. Tracheal spiracle well-sclerotized. Total length 2.20. Cephalothorax 1.00 long, 0.81 wide, 0.72 high. Abdomen 1.25 long, 1.00 wide, 1.00 high. Sternum 0.52 long, 0.55 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.09. ALE 0.08. PME 0.10. PLE 0.08. AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.09, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.09, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 2.11. Chelicerae brownish. Three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth ( Figs. 81A-C). Ret 1 on the posterior surface ( Fig. 81B). Leg measurements: I: femur 1.50, patella 0.37, tibia 1.55, metatarsus 1.25, tarsus 0.72, total 5.40; II: 1.30, 0.37, 1.28, 1.00, 0.65, 4.61; III: 0.97, 0.25, 0.72, 0.65, 0.30, 2.90; IV: 1.25, 0.25, 1.05, 0.90, 0.47, 3.92. DTS 0.16. DTE 0.52. Palp as in Figures 82E–H. Conductor lamina apically rounded ( Figs. 82 A– C, 84 A–B). Embolus tip bifurcated ( Figs. 82D, 84C).  Female (IBSP 147809). Coloration and general habitus as in male ( Figs. 80E–H). Tracheal spiracle wellsclerotized. Total length 2.55. Cephalothorax 1.08 long, 0.93 wide, 0.8 high. Abdomen 1.45 long, 1.30 wide, 1.32 high. Sternum 0.6 long, 0.65 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.09. ALE 0.08. PME 0.09. PLE 0.08. AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.11, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 2.10. Chelicerae brownish, with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth ( Figs. 81D–F). Leg measurements: I: femur 1.52, patella 0.37, tibia 1.45, metatarsus 1.30, tarsus 0.75, total 5.40; II: 1.30, 0.37, 1.25, 1.17, 0.62, 4.72; III: 1.07, 0.27, 0.62, 0.68, 0.38, 3.05; IV: 1.25, 0.27, 1.05, 0.92, 0.50, 4.00. DTS 0.18. DTE 0.60. Tracheal system as in Figures 83E–G. Genitalia with bean-shaped spermathecae ( Fig. 83 A–D). Uterus externus divided into two distinct portions ( Fig. 83 A–C).   FIGURE 80.  Glenognatha vivianae  new speciesfrom Brazil (IBSP 147809). A–D, male habitus. A, dorsal. B, lateral. C, ventral. D, frontal. E–H, female habitus. E, dorsal. F, lateral. G, ventral. H, frontal. Scale bars, 200 µm. TS: posterior tracheal spiracle.  Variation.Male total length 1.7–2.5 ( N= 10; average 2.1), cephalothorax length 0.9–1.2 ( N= 10; average 1.0), femur I length 1.2–1.5 ( N= 10; average 1.4). Female total length 2.1–3.2 ( N= 10; average 2.5), cephalothorax length 1.0–1.3 ( N= 10; average 1.1), femur I length 1.1–1.5 ( N= 10; average 1.3).   Distribution.Known from the states of São Paulo, Paranáand   RioGrandedo Sulin Brazil( Fig. 135).    Additional material examined (N =1096). BRAZIL:  São Paulo:  São Paulo, Parque do Estado, [ 23º39´S, 46º37´W], elev. [  811m], pitfall,  1–7.xi.2001, J. Valvassori, leg., 1♀( IBSP 59154); 1♂ (IBSP 59155); 1♀ (IBSP 59233); 1♂ (IBSP 59234); 2♂ (IBSP 59235); 1♂ (IBSP 59236); 2 ♀ (IBSP 59237); 1♂ (IBSP 59238); 6♂ (IBSP 59240); 2♀ (IBSP 59242); 1♂ (IBSP 59243); 13–20.v.2002, 1 ♀ (IBSP 59244); 2♂ 2 ♀ (IBSP 59245); 1♀ (IBSP 59246); 1♂ (IBSP 59247); 1♀ (IBSP 59248);  1♀( IBSP 59250); Biritiba Mirim, Barragem do rio Biritiba-Mirim, [ 23º33´S, 46º2´W], elev. [  751m],  10–15.v.2003, Equipe Biotaleg., 1♀ (IBSP 117427); 1♀ (IBSP 117428); 1 immature (IBSP 11 7429); 1♂ (IBSP 117430); 1♂ (IBSP 117431); 1♂ (IBSP 117432); 1♂ (IBSP 117433); 1♂ (IBSP 117434); 1 immature (IBSP 117435); 1 immature (IBSP 117436); 1♂ (IBSP 117437); 1♂ (IBSP 117438); 1♀ (IBSP 117439); 1 immature (IBSP 117440); 1♀ (IBSP 117441); 1 immature (IBSP 147790); 10–15.v.2003, 3♀ (IBSP 147791); 10–15.v.2003, 2♂ (IBSP 147792); 10–15.v.2003,  1♂ 1♀( IBSP 147793); Salesópolis, Barragem do RioParaitinga, [ 23º32´S, 45º46´W], elev. [  870m],  18–25.vi.2002, Eq. IBSP leg., 1♀ (IBSP 146596); 1♂ (IBSP 147309); 1♀ (IBSP 147311); 11–18.vi.2002, 11♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147642); 17♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147643); 3♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147644); 4♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147645); 2♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147646); 10♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147647); 5♂ 7♀ (IBSP 147648); 4♂ 13♀ (IBSP 147649); 9♂ 6♀ (IBSP 147650); 13♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147651); 7♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147652); 2♂ (IBSP 147653); 6♂ 6♀ (IBSP 147654); 11♂ 6♀ (IBSP 147655); 3♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147656); 4♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147657); 13♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147658); 11–18.vi.2002, 7♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147797); 9♂ 6♀ (IBSP 147798); 2♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147799); 12♂ 8♀ (IBSP 147800); 7♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147801); 1♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147802); 3♂ (IBSP 147803); 4♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147804); 5♂ 6♀ (IBSP 147805); 3♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147806); 2♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147807); ♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147808); 3♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147809); 11♂ 7♀ (IBSP 147810); 4♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147811); 11♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147812); 3♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147813); 7♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147814); 6♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147815); 6♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147816); 9♂ 10♀ (IBSP 147817); 2♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147818); 8♂ 4♀ 1 immature (IBSP 147819); 9♂ 7♀ 1 immature (IBSP 147820); 7♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147821); 2♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147822); 5♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147823); 1♀ (IBSP 147824); 3♂ 3♀ 2 immature (IBSP 147825); 9♂ 6♀ 1 immature (IBSP 147 826); 12♂ 17♀ (IBSP 147827); 6♂ 2♀ 1 immature (IBSP 1 47828); 8♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147829); 10♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147830); 28♂ 29♀ 1 immature (IBSP 147 831); 6♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147832); 6♂ 8♀ (IBSP 147833); 9♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147834); 2♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147835); 3♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147836); 3♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147837); 4♂ 6♀ (IBSP 147838); 10♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147839); 4♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147840); 4♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147841); 3♂ (IBSP 147842); 5♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147843); 7♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147844); 5♂ 8♀ (IBSP 147845); 2♂ (IBSP 147846); 9♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147847); 9♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147848); 3♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147849); 5♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147850); 3♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147851); 5♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147852); 2♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147853); 11♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147854); 1♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147855); 8♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147856); 9♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147857); 6♂ 15♀ (IBSP 147858); 6♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147859); 13♂ 8♀ (IBSP 147860); 12♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147862); 12♂ 4♀ (IBSP 149115); 4♂ 10♀ (IBSP 149202); 9♂ 6♀ (IBSP 149203); 2♂ (IBSP 149204); 3♂ (IBSP 149205); 4♂ 2♀ (IBSP 149206); 1♂ 1♀ (IBSP 149207); 4♂ 1♀ (IBSP 149208); 4♂ 4♀ (IBSP 149209); 3♂ 4♀ (IBSP 149210); 7♂ 6♀ (IBSP 149211); 3♂ 3♀ (IBSP 149212); 7♂ 13♀ (IBSP 149213); 13♂ 3♀ (IBSP 149214); 7♂ 3♀ (IBSP 149215); 16♂ 4♀ (IBSP 149216); 3♂ 2♀ (IBSP 149217); 2♂ 2♀ (IBSP 149218). 1701205063 2002-06-11 2002-06-18 2002-06-11 IBSP Eq. Brazil Salesopolis 870 -23.534838 Types. Male 1 -45.782394 Barragem do Rio Paraitinga 99 100 IBSP 163681 2 Sao Paulo holotype 1701205083 2003-06-28 2003-07-02 2003-06-28 Brazil 100 -25.400667 Reserva Natural da Cachoeira 1 -48.68854 Antonina 99 100 1 1 Parana holotype 1701205095 82-11-13 IBSP Brazil Hofer 99 100 1 Parana holotype 1701205098 2002-11-19 MCN R. Ott Brazil 6 -29.941185 Estacao Braskem de Protecao Ambiental 1 -51.690113 Triunfo 99 100 3 2 1 Rio Grande do Sul holotype 1701205084 2002-05-13 2002-05-20 2002-05-13 IBSP J. Valvassori Brazil 811 -23.653181 Parque do Estado de Sao Paulo 1 -46.62976 Sao Paulo 99 100 IBSP 59239 2 1 1 Sao Paulo holotype 1701205079 [199,959,1636,1661] Brazil Sao Paulo 101 102 1 Sao Paulo 1701205080 2001-11-01 2001-11-07 2001-11-01 IBSP J. Valvassori Brazil 811 -23.65 Parque do Estado 1254 -46.616665 101 102 IBSP 59154 1 1 Sao Paulo 1701205108 2003-05-10 2003-05-15 2003-05-10 IBSP Equipe Biota Brazil 751 -23.55 rio Biritiba-Mirim 1255 -46.033333 101 102 IBSP 59250 1 1 Sao Paulo 1701205101 2002-06-18 2002-06-25 2002-06-18 IBSP Eq Brazil 870 -23.533333 Rio 1255 -45.766666 101 102 IBSP 147793 2 1 1 Rio