Osmia tergestensis Ducke, 1897: 41 Tergosmia Osmia ononidis Ferton, 1897: 44 Osmia (Tergosmia) tergestensis ononidis Ferton in Warncke (1988) Osmia Rondoui Pérez, 1902: 66 Osmia wolhynica Noskiewicz, 1922: 9 Osmia atlantica Benoist, 1934: 107 Anthocopa tergestensis remota Tkalců, 1979: 320 Almería (Velez Rubio) ( Zanden 1983 ) Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenera Hemiosmia, Tergosmia and Erythrosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species Müller, Andreas Zootaxa 2020 2020-05-14 4778 2 201 236 6TB47 Ducke, 1897 Ducke 1897 [151,691,1377,1403] Insecta Megachilidae Osmia Animalia Hymenoptera 21 222 Arthropoda species tergestensis Tergosmia      Osmia tergestensis Ducke, 1897: 41. Type material: Lectotype ♀, by designation of Zanden (1983), “Triest” ( Italy), Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. Type species of  TergosmiaWarncke.     Osmia ononidis Ferton, 1897: 44. Type material: Lectotype ♀, by designation of Tkalců (1979), “Massenenie” ( France), Mu- séum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris. Combination  Osmia (Tergosmia) tergestensis ononidisFerton in Warncke (1988). New synonymy.     Osmia Rondoui Pérez, 1902: 66. Type material: Lectotype ♀, by designation of Tkalců (1979), “Gèdre” ( France), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris. Synonymy in Warncke (1988).     Osmia wolhynica Noskiewicz, 1922: 9. Type material: Syntypes ♂, “Lösstal bei Krasny Staw in der Nähe von Lublin” ( Poland), type depository unknown. Synonymy in Warncke (1988).     Osmia atlantica Benoist, 1934: 107. Type material: Holotype ♀, “Asni” ( Morocco), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris. Synonymy in Zanden (1985).     Anthocopa tergestensis remota Tkalců, 1979: 320. Type material: Holotype ♀, “O-Türkei” ( Turkey), Atatürk Universitesi, Fac- ulty of Agriculture, Entomology Museum, Erzurum. Synonymy in Warncke (1988).  Literature records. AUSTRIA:  Burgenland,  Carinthia,  Lower Austria,  Vienna?( Gusenleitner et al. 2012; Zettel et al. 2015). BULGARIA:  Blagoewgrad(Sandanski) ( Tkalců 1979). CROATIA: Međimurje(Sveta Jelena) ( Józan 2009). CZECH REPUBLIC:  Jihomoravský kraj(Brno, Devin, Hady, Klobouky, Palava, Pouzdrany) ( Tkalců 1979; Bogusch et al. 2007; P. Bogusch, personal communication). FRANCE: Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Alpes- Maritimes, Aude, Essone, Hautes-Alpes, Hautes-Pyrénées, Nord, Vienne( Benoist 1931; Zanden 1983). GEORGIA: Mtskheta-Mtianeti(Džvari) ( Ebmer 1997). GREECE:  Thessaly(Platania) ( Standfuss et al. 2003). HUNGARY: Transdanubian Hills, Transdanubian Mountains, West Hungary( Józan 2011). ITALY: Abruzzi, Aosta,  Calabria, Friuli-Venezia Giulia,  Lazio,  Piemonte( Zanden 1983, 1997; Pagliano 1994). KAZAKHSTAN:  Almaty(Alma Ata) ( Ebmer 1997). POLAND: southeastern Poland ( Banaszak 2000; Bogdanowicz et al. 2004). PORTUGAL:  Braga(Fafe) ( Baldock et al. 2018). SPAIN:  Almería(Velez Rubio) ( Zanden 1983). SLOVAKIA:  Košický kraj(Turna nad Bodvou) ( Tkalců 1979; Bogusch et al. 2007). SLOVENIA: Gorenjska( Bohinj), Obalno-kraška( Komen) ( Gogala 1999). SWITZERLAND:  Ticino,  Valais( Amiet et al. 2004). TURKEY:  Ankara( Ankara),  Erzurum( Erzurum, Merkez, Palandöken),  Konya(Madensehir, Sille),  Mersin(Tarsus),  Van(Güzeldere pass) ( Tkalců 1979; Warncke 1988; Özbek & Zanden 1992; Özbek 2013). UKRAINE:  Crimea( Zanden 1983; Fateryga et al. 2018).   New records.  BULGARIA:  Blagoevgrad: Kresno,  12.5.1979, 1♀(leg. M. Kocourek);   Burgas: SE Neseber,  28.6.1982, 1♂(leg. M. Kocourek);   Haskovo:  30 kmSW Svilengrad, 41°43ʹN/ 26°02ʹE,  500 m,  21.6.2008, 4♀(leg. M. Halada);   Plovdiv: Rodopi, Hrabrino,  5.7.1997, 2♀(leg. Z. Pedr);   Stara Zagora: Rodopi, Galabovo,  1.8.1997, 1♀(leg. Z. Pedr).  CROATIA:  Lika-Senj: Gospic, 44°25.8ʹN/ 15°31.5ʹE,  600 m,  24.5.2005, 2♂(leg. Z. Pedr).  FRANCE:  Bouches-du-Rhône: Alpilles, Aureille,  19.5.2004, 1♀, 1♂(leg. A. Müller);   Hautes-Alpes: Vallé du Durance, Prelles,  6 kmSW Briancon, 44°51.51ʹN/ 06°34.71ʹE,  1200 m,  6.6.1997, 1♀(leg. O. Niehuis);  Pyrénées- Orientales: Eyne, La Font del Sastre, 42.29°N/ 02.05°E,  1630 m,  15.7.2008, 1♂(leg. L. Ree Blondiau).  GREECE:  Aegean Islands: Chios, Armolia, 38.2723°N/ 26.0445°E,  1.5.2012, 1♂(leg. M. Taylor);   Central Greece: Andikira,  25 kmSE Delphi,  8.5.2005, 3♀, 3♂(leg. J. Halada);   Peloponnese: Agios Petros, Oros Parnion,  1700 m,  11.7.1997, 2♀(leg. W.Arens).  ITALY:  Aosta: Gimillan,  1900 m,  11.7.1996, 1♀, 1♂(leg. A. Müller);   Piemonte: Sestriere,  2080 m,  26.7.1975, 1♀(leg. R. Bärfuss);   Puglia: Gargano, M.S. Angelo, Foresta Umbra,  3.7.1994, 1♀(leg. A. Müller);   Trentino-Alto Adige: Monte Baldo, Riserva Naturale Corna Piana,  1400–1600 m,  23.7.2010, 1♀(leg. A. Mül- ler).  MOROCCO:  Drâa-Tafilalet: Agouim,  14.5.1997, 1♀(leg. K. Denes);   Fès-Meknès: N Aknoul,  4.5.2003, 1♂(leg. M. Snizek);   Marrakesh-Safi: Ijoukak,  50 kmSW Asni, 31°00ʹN/ 8°07ʹW,  22.4.1996, 1♀(leg. M. Schwarz);   Souss-Massa: Irherm,  20.4.1990, 1♀(leg. M. Halada).  PORTUGAL:  Faro: Fafeenv., Lagoa,  15.7.1994, 1♀(leg. P. Seidler).  RUSSIA:  North Caucasian: Kislovodsk,  15.7.1914, 1♂(leg. Bartnev).  SLOVAKIA:  Nitra: Štúrovo,  12.6.1977, 1♀(leg. M. Kocourek).  SPAIN:  Almería: Almería, 36.51.233N / 02.45.431W,  1280 m,  8.6.2007, 1♀, 1♂(leg. M. Engel);   Jaén: Sierra Pozo, Puento Liano,  1800 m,  12.6.2003, 1f (leg. M. Kafka);   León: La Magdalena,  1000 m,  11.7.1987, 1♀(leg. M. Schwarz);   Murcia: Pto. De Jumilla,  800 m,  19.5.2003, 1f (leg. J. Halada). TUR- KEY:  Agri: Agrienv.,  27.6.1993, 1♂(leg. M. Halada);   Ankara: Soguksuenv.,  80 kmN Ankara,  1300 m,  14.6.2001, 2♂(leg. K. Denes);   Bolu: Bolu lake,  21.6.1993, 1m (leg. K. Denes);   Erzurum: Erzurum, Palandöken,  2200 m,  13.7.1994, 1♀(leg. E. Yildirim);   Konya: Madensehir,  1300 m,  23.6.1984, 1♀(leg. K. Warncke);   Kütahya:  30 kmN Kütahya,  13.6.2000, 2♀, 1♂(leg. M. Halada);   Sivas: Mezikiran Gecidi,  20 kmE Gürün,  10.7.1997, 1♂(leg. M. Halada);   Yozgat: Saraykentenv.,  70 kmE Yozgat,  1300 m,  13.6.2001, 1♀(leg. K. Denes).  UKRAINE:  Crimea: Jalta,  10.7.1985, 1♀(leg. K. Denes).   Distribution.From southern Moroccoover the Iberian Peninsula ( Portugal, Spain) and Franceto southern Switzerland; from southern and eastern Austria, southernmost Czech Republic, southeastern Poland, Slovakiaand Hungaryover southern Ukraineto southern European Russia; from Italy, Sloveniaand the Balkan Peninsula ( Croatia, Greece, Bulgaria) over Turkeyto the Caucasus (Georgia) and Central Asia ( Kazakhstan). The record from Egyptgiven by Ducke (1900)and quoted by Warncke (1988)is most probably erroneous.  Subspecific classification. Warncke (1988)recognized two subspecies of  O. tergestensis, i.e. O. t.  tergestensis Ducke, 1897occurring in eastern and southeastern Europe and O. t.  ononidis Ferton, 1897distributed in northern Africa, southwestern Europe and Turkey. The investigation of a large material of  O. tergestensisfrom its entire distribution range revealed no clear morphological gaps nor consistent patterns with respect to e.g. colour of pilosity or density of tergal punctation between different populations. Thus, these two taxa are synonymized here.  Pollen hosts.Oligolectic on Fabaceae(Tab. 1; Özbek 1979, 2013; Özbek & Zanden 1992; Rozen et al.2010); pollen hosts are species of Loteae (e.g.  Lotus, Hippocrepis), Hedysareae (e.g.  Onobrychis), Genisteae, Galegeae (e.g.  Astragalus) and other Fabaceaetribes.  Nesting biology.  O. tergestensisnests in preexisting cavities, i.e. under or between stones, in holes and fissures of rocks and stones, in dense grass tussocks, occasionally also in hollow broken stems of  Heracleum(Apiaceae)( Fig. 15, 17; Benoist 1931; Ferton 1897; Müller et al. 1997; Ivanov & Filatov 2008; Rozen et al. 2010). The nests contain one to five brood cells, which are constructed closely beside each other and completely hidden within the cavity. The cells, whose orientation varies from horizontal to nearly vertical and which are neither glued to the substrate nor to adjacent cells, are three-layered with a central layer built of mud and small pebbles sandwiched between two layers of large petal pieces of  Cistus(Cistaceae),  Geranium(Geraniaceae),  Helianthemum(Cistaceae),  Hieracium(Asteraceae),  Linum(Linaceae),  Ononis(Fabaceae)and probably other plant taxa ( Fig. 16; Benoist 1931; Ferton 1897; Müller et al. 1997; Ivanov & Filatov 2008). In narrow cavities, the space in front of the cell(s) is sometimes filled with earth fragments up to a length of 0.5 cm( Ferton 1897). 2618692312 [368,1186,512,540] 1979-12-05 M. Kocourek Bulgaria Kresno 22 223 1 1 Blagoevgrad 2618692349 1982-06-28 SE Neseber & M. Kocourek Bulgaria Burgas 22 223 1 1 Burgas 2618692389 2008-06-21 M. Halada Bulgaria 500 41.716667 30 km SW Svilengrad 1154 26.033333 22 223 4 4 Khaskovo 2618692464 [297,927,584,612] 1997-07-05 Z. Pedr Bulgaria Hrabrino Rodopi 22 223 2 2 Plovdiv 2618692402 1997-08-01 Z. Pedr Bulgaria Galabovo Rodopi 22 223 1 1 Stara Zagora 2618692365 [371,1433,620,648] 2005-05-24 Z. Pedr Croatia 600 44.43 Gospic 113 15.525 22 223 2 2 Licko-Senjska 2618692324 [151,1114,656,684] 2004-05-19 A. Muller France Bouches-du-Rhone Aureille Alpilles 22 223 2 1 1 2618692333 1997-06-06 Valle du Durance & O. Niehuis France 1200 44.8585 Prelles 11 6.5785 Hautes-Alpes 22 223 1 1 2618692367 2008-07-15 L. Ree Blondiau France Orientales 1630 42.29 La Font del Sastre 691 2.05 Eyne 22 223 1 1 2618692352 2012-05-01 M. Taylor Greece Islands 38.2723 Armolia 6 26.0445 Chios 22 223 1 1 Voreio Aigaio 2618692306 2005-05-08 J. Halada Greece Andikira 22 223 6 3 3 Sterea Ellada 2618692398 1997-11-07 W. Arens Greece 1700 Oros Parnion Agios Petros 22 223 2 2 Peloponnisos 2618692356 [373,1140,837,864] 1996-11-07 A. Muller Italy 1900 Gimillan Aosta 22 223 2 1 1 2618692452 1975-07-26 R Barfuss Italy 2080 Sestriere 22 223 1 1 Piemonte 2618692449 [557,1432,873,900] 1994-07-03 Gargano, M. S & A. Muller Italy Foresta Umbra Angelo 22 223 1 1 Puglia 2618692378 2010-07-23 Italy 1500 Riserva Naturale Corna Piana Monte Baldo 22 223 1 1 Trentino-Alto Adige 2618692431 [206,996,944,971] 1997-05-14 K. Denes Morocco Agouim Draa-Tafilalet 22 223 1 1 2618692390 2003-05-04 N Aknoul & M. Snizek Morocco Fes-Meknes 22 223 1 1 2618692475 [351,1432,980,1008] 1996-04-22 M. Schwarz Morocco 31.0 Ijoukak 1218 -8.116667 Marrakesh-Safi 22 223 1 1 2618692316 [151,766,1017,1044] 1990-04-20 M. Halada Morocco Irherm Souss-Massa 22 223 1 1 2618692338 1994-07-15 P. Seidler Portugal Lagoa Fafe 22 223 1 1 Faro 2618692374 [286,1094,1052,1079] 1914-07-15 Bartnev Russia Kislovodsk North Caucasian 22 223 1 1 2618692458 1977-12-06 M. Kocourek Slovakia Sturovo Nitra 22 223 1 1 2618692495 2007-06-08 M. Engel Spain 1280 SPAIN 22 223 2 1 1 2618692455 [379,1187,1125,1152] 2003-12-06 M. Kafka Spain Jaen 1800 Puento Liano Sierra Pozo 22 223 1 2618692491 1987-11-07 La Magdalena & M. Schwarz Spain 1000 Leon 22 223 1 1 2618692335 [645,1360,1160,1188] 2003-05-19 J. Halada Spain 800 Pto. De Jumilla 22 223 1 Murcia 2618692440 1993-06-27 M. Halada Spain Agri Agri 22 223 1 1 2618692388 2001-06-14 K. Denes Spain 1300 Soguksu Ankara 22 223 2 2 2618692330 [392,948,1233,1259] 1993-06-21 K. Denes Spain Bolu lake Bolu 22 223 1 2618692405 1994-07-13 E. Yildirim Spain Erzurum 2200 Palandoken Erzurum 22 223 1 1 2618692396 [531,1241,1269,1296] 1984-06-23 K. Warncke Spain 1300 Madensehir Konya 22 223 1 1 2618692481 2000-06-13 M. Halada Spain Kutahya 22 223 3 2 1 2618692369 1997-10-07 M. Halada Spain Mezikiran Gecidi Sivas 22 223 1 1 2618692445 [257,1189,1341,1367] 2001-06-13 K. Denes Spain 1300 Saraykent Yozgat 22 223 1 1 2618692411 1985-10-07 K. Denes Ukraine Jalta 22 223 1 1 Crimea