The Family Cladoniaceae (Lecanorales) in the Galapagos Islands Yánez-Ayabaca, A. Ahti, T. Bungartz, F. Phytotaxa 2013 129 1 1 33 Nyl. (1876 a: 560) Nyl. 560 1876 [151,631,302,328] Lecanoromycetes Cladoniaceae Cladonia Fungi Lecanorales 15 16 Ascomycota species corymbosula  ( Fig. 4a–b)  Primary thalluspersistent, of short-laciniate, thick squamules, surface scarcely pruinose, rugulose and cracked, esorediate; podetiarare, grayish green, small, 0.6–1.7 cmtall, terete to ± flattened, hyphae of the stereome relatively loose (not compact) and frequently with longitudinal cracks; tips clavate, unbranched to moderately branched, ascyphose, typically bearing closely aggregated, “turban-like” apothecia; surfaceecorticate, densely sorediate-granulose; microsquamules absent; pycnidianot seen; apotheciapale brown, globular and closely aggregated and thus resembling a “turban”.  Spot tests and chemistry: P+ orange red, K-, C-, KC-, UV-; fumarprotocetraric acid.  Distribution and ecology: A new record for Ecuadorand the Galapagos Islands. Currently known from Isabela, Santiago, and Santa Cruz Island; known from the humid zone only, on rock or thin soil; possibly quite rare, but the basal squamules lacking the characteristic podetia might be overlooked.  Notes: The species can easily be recognized by its relatively short podetia topped by closely aggregated, “turban-like” apothecia. The species could be mistaken for  C. peziziformis, which has similarly aggregated apothecia.  Cladonia peziziformis, however, has corticate podetia, its cortex peeling off in relatively large squamules. In contrast, podetia of  C. corymbosulaare ecorticate, and typically sorediate; they always lack squamules. Despite previous reports,  Cladonia peziziformiscannot be confirmed for the Galapagosand the reports are almost certainly based on misidentifications of  C. corymbosula. Material lacking podetia is not uncommon and can often be identified if compared to the squamulose primary thalli of specimens that bear podetia. It is generally difficult, however, to distinguish clear cut characters that help identify these specimens when the characteristic podetia are missing.  Selected specimens examined:  ECUADOR. GALAPAGOS:  Isabela Island, Volcán Alcedo, on the crater rim near the hut, 0°26’33”S, 91°5’31”W,  1100 m, humid zone, on rock,  3 July 2006,  Aptroot, A.65262( CDS31848).   Santa Cruz Island, near Los Gemeloscraters, 0°36’31”S, 90°22’4”W,  350 m, humid zone, on soil,  31 May 2005,  Aptroot, A.63384( CDS30130).   Santiago Island, summit of Cerro Gavilán, inner N- and NEexposed crater rim, 0°12’20”S, 90°47’3”W,  840 m, humid zone, on rock,  23 Mar 2006,  Aptroot, A.65721( CDS32313). CDS 31848 2006-07-03 CDS Aptroot, A. Ecuador Isabela Island, Volcan Alcedo 1100 -0.4425 Isabela Island, Volcan Alcedo 21 -91.09195 15 16 1 Galapagos CDS 30130 2005-05-31 CDS Aptroot, A. Ecuador Santa Cruz Island 350 -0.6086111 Los Gemelos 21 -90.36778 15 16 1 Galapagos CDS 32313 2006-03-23 CDS Aptroot, A. Ecuador Santiago Island 840 -0.20555556 Cerro Gavilan 21 -90.784164 15 16 1 Galapagos