The subgenus Empidideicus (Anomaloptilus) (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae) in Madagascar Evenhuis, Neal L. Gharali, Babak Zootaxa 2022 2022-12-22 5222 5 401 426 Evenhuis & Gharali Evenhuis & Gharali 2022 [151,862,1302,1329] Insecta Bombyliidae Empidideicus Animalia Diptera 9 410 Arthropoda species irwini sp. nov. Anomaloptilus  ( Figs 9, 18, 21, 30, 31, 43, 55, 56, 69, 70)  Types.   Holotype♂ and 2♂, 2♀  paratypesfrom MADAGASCAR: Toliara Province: Ifaty, 22 kmN Toliara, 23°11.5′S, 43°37′E,  18 Apr 1998, hand netted, spiny forest, M.E. Irwin, E.I. Schlinger( CAS).  Holotypein CAS.  Paratypesin CASand BPBM.   Diagnosis. Most similar to E. ( A.) contrasticus  n. sp.by the short mouthparts, the proboscis not exceeding the oral margin, but can be easily separated from it by yellow scutellum (black in E. ( A.) contrasticus  n. sp.) and the eyes holoptic or nearly so below the antennae (clearly dichoptic in E. ( A.) contrasticus  n. sp.).   Description:  Male( Fig. 9). Lengths: 0.98–1.20 mm. Wing: 1.00– 1.10 mm. Head( Fig. 21): globular, wider than long; eyes dichoptic above antennae separated at vertex by 1.5× distance between lateral ocelli, but holoptic or nearly so below level of antennae, separated by width of one ommatidium; occiput and postgena black; frons slightly depressed medially, with small black spot medially; face white, tip of oral margin white; antennae with scape yellow, short, subtrapezoidal; pedicel yellow, subconical, wider than long; first flagellomere black, lanceolate, length 2.5× width; second flagellomere black, three-fourths length of first flagellomere, with minute transparent apical style; mentum white; clypeus white, minute; proboscis dark slightly exerted beyond oral margin; labrum sclerotized, stiff, pointed apically, length subequal to proboscis; palpus not evident.   FIGURES 23–24. Malagasy  Empidideicus( Anomaloptilus), antennae. 23, E. ( A.) andriambahomananii,  n. sp.; 24, E. ( A.) nanus, n. sp.  Thorax( Fig. 30). Mesonotum matte black with white markings in following areas: dorsolaterally from humeral callus to postalar callus, interrupted above wing base, interhumeral mark not coalesced with mark on humeral callus; scutellum yellow; mesonotal disc and dorsum of scutellum with short fine brown hairs; pleura bare; pleura black with white on following: posterodorsal corner of anepisternum and anepimeron, upper half of meron and metepisternum; halter stem grayish brown, knob white.  Legs. Coxae and femora yellow, mid femur with some brown on basodorsal half; rest of legs white except tarsal segments 3–5 brown.  Wing( Fig. 43). Elongate, length 2.5× width; subhyaline; veins brown; costa ends slightly beyond end of R 4+5; vein Sc incomplete; Rs faded at connection with R 1; R 4+5slightly curved, ending in wing margin beyond level of end of M 2; vein M 1curved to wing margin; M 2straight; cell dm closed by apical crossvein, width one-half that of crossvein r-m; A 1very thin, straight to wing margin; anal cell broadly open at wing margin; fringe of hair on posterior margin of wing well shortest at wing tip becoming longer and more sparse toward base.  Abdomen( Fig. 55). Dorsum black, with thin white band posteriorly; tergites with sparsely scattered minute black hairs; sternites brown medially, white laterally.  Genitalia( Fig. 69). Hypopygium shiny brown. In ventral view with gonocoxites rounded, rectangular, small cleft medially bearing paired trident-shaped process, paired pegs medially on basal portion of gonocoxite lobes, with thin dark sclerotization basally and large seta medially on each lobe ( Fig. 69A); gonostylus subtriangular with long medial process; lateral arms of parameral sheath apodemes extending well below gonocoxa, foliate apically; aedeagal bulb large, rounded; aedeagal apodeme extending slightly beyond lateral arms of parameral sheath, with broad lanceolate lateral rami; upper portion of parameral sheath with bulbous apex in ventral view ( Fig. 69C); epandrium subrectangular with large rounded, sclerotized apicoventral processes; cerci large, not exerted ( Fig. 69B).  Female: As in male except eyes more dichoptic ( Fig. 18); thorax subshiny ( Fig. 31); tergal pattern of abdomen ( Fig. 56) similar to that in E. ( A.) hauseri  n. sp.( Fig. 54) but dark areas more pronounced. Genitalia ( Fig. 70): genital fork U-shaped, with two inwardly-directed process on lateral arms, median portion of “U” membranous, evanescent laterally, spermatheca spheroid-ellipsoid, sclerotized brown, longer than wide, small invagination apically with numerous glandular trichomes, with striations on basal three fourths; apical spermathecal duct subequal to length of spermatheca, thin, transparent; sperm pump minute, slightly sclerotized, without evident apical or basal valves; basal duct 1.5× length of apical duct, corrugated, slightly wider than apical duct; common duct absent.   Etymology. The specific epithet honors the collector, Michael E. Irwin and for his continued support of taxonomic research on Malagasy Diptera. 4003029356 1998-04-18 CAS M. E. Irwin & E. I. Schlinger Madagascar -23.191668 Ifaty 855 43.616665 9 410 3 2 Toliara holotype 4003029365 [1231,1433,1447,1473] CAS Madagascar 9 410 1 Toliara holotype 4003029367 [151,486,1483,1509] CAS, BPBM Madagascar 9 410 1 Toliara paratype