Revision of the enigmatic South African Cryptolaryngini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with description of a new genus and twenty-two new species Haran, Julien M. Marvaldi, Adriana E. Benoit, Laure Oberlander, Kenneth Stals, Riaan Oberprieler, Rolf G. European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-06-30 877 1 1 89 Haran Haran & Marvaldi & Benoit & Oberlander & Stals & Oberprieler 2023 [588,931,890,917] Insecta Curculionidae Cryptolarynx GBIF Animalia Coleoptera 21 22 Arthropoda species hirtulus sp. nov.   urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0CC60E56-F3AF-42E8-924C-97CBB58B6D15  Figs 1E, 2E, 3E, 4E, 5E, 6D–F    Differential diagnosis   Cryptolarynx hirtulus sp. nov.belongs to the  C. vitisspecies group, see the Remarks section under that species for details. In this group it is most closely related to  C. squamulatus sp. nov., see the Differential diagnosis section under that species for diagnostic characters and genetic distances.    Etymology The species name is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ hirtus’, meaning ‘hairy’, and refers to the suberect scales in the strial punctures, which give the species a slightly hairy appearance. The specific epithet is an adjective in the masculine form.    Material examined    Holotype REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA•  ♂; “REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA.  Western Cape Province, Worcester.  29.viii.2019. J. Haranleg.” “ 33.623° S 19.472° E. Near  Oxalisspp. JHAR02356_0101. Cirad-CBGP coll.” “Holotype.  Cryptolarynx hirtulus. Haran 2023”; SAMC.    Paratypes REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA–  Western Cape• 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀(preserved in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; CBGP•  1 ♀; Clanwilliam  29 kmN, flat valley-bottom; 31.950° S, 18.717° E;  29 Aug. 1989; S. Endrödy-Youngaand J. Klimaszewskileg.; ground and vegetation; E-Y:2675; TMSA•  1 ♀; Clanwilliam N, Olifants River ca 500 mW, roadside cut with boulders; 32.150° S, 18.883° E;  29 Aug. 1989; S. Endrödy-Youngaand J. Klimaszewskileg.; flowering vegetation; E-Y:2674; TMSA•  2 ♂♂; Malmesbury; 33.454° S, 18.743° E;  10 Sep. 2019; J. Haranleg.; at base of  Oxalisspp.; JHAR02561; CBGP•  1 ♀; Touws River  16 kmSW; 33.402° S, 19.886° E;  23 Jul. 2019; J. Haranleg.; emerged from bulbs of  Oxalis obtusa; JHAR02444; CBGP.–   Northern Cape• 1 ♂; Wupperthalarea, Botterkloof Pass 5 kmfrom top; 31.783° S, 19.267° E;  17 Jul. 1995; S. Neserleg.; feeding on leaves of  Homeria[now  Moraea] sp. ( Iridaceae) growing in road verge; SANC•  1 ♀; Calvinia N, Hantamsberg; 31.352° S, 19.803° E;  1544 m;  9 Nov. 2018; R. Borovecleg.; FFWS•  1 ♂; Nieuwoudtville  8–12 kmSE; 31.467° S, 19.300 °E;  18 Sep. 1986; R. Oberprielerleg.; on  Galenia africana[now  Aizoon africanum(L.) Klak, Aizoaceae]; SANC•  1 ♂; Vanrhyns Pass, stony mountainside; 31.383° S, 19.033° E;  18 Aug. 1983; S. Endrödy-Youngaand M-L. Penrithleg.; pitfall traps 78 days with meat bait; E-Y:1940; TMSA•  1 ♀; Vanrhyns Pass, E base; 31.367° S, 19.033° E;  25 Sep. 1994; C.L. Bellamyleg.; on flowers and vegetation; shrub vegetation on coarse sand; E-Y:3044; TMSA.   Description( ♂)  MEASUREMENTS. Body length 2–2.6 mm.  COLOUR AND VESTITURE. Body integument black, antennae, tarsi and sometimes tibiae reddish. Dorsal vestiture (pronotum + elytra) consisting of short, recumbent, subtriangular clothing scales, 1.2–2 × as long as wide, subcontiguous on interstriae, and longer, suberect scales, at least 4× as long as wide, in each strial puncture, visible in lateral view; scales creamy-white, brown and black; pale scales usually concentrated in two longitudinal stripes on pronotum and on elytral interstriae 4 and forming a pair of pale spots surrounded by black scales on interstriae 1–4 at apical ⅔ of elytra.  HEAD. Forehead as wide as epifrons near antennal insertions, narrower than width of an eye, scales not entirely concealing integument. Eyes moderately convex, in dorsal view only slightly exceeding outline of head, surrounded by a ring of short pale scales directed towards centre of eye; distance between eye and scrobe larger than width of antennal club. Epifrons narrow, distance between antennal insertions 0.5× length of scape, scales at least 3× as long as wide, suberect, overlapping. Frons with single pair of long lateral setae. Epistome without single median seta. Antennal funicles with segments 1–2 elongate, 2.5× as long as wide; 3–4 slightly longer than wide, compressed, slightly angular on inside; 5–6 globular; 7 transverse.  PRONOTUM. Strongly transverse (W:L ratio 1.4), widest near midlength, sides arcuate; apex and base subequal in width.  ELYTRA. Broadly ovate, slightly longer than wide (W:L ratio 0.9), sides convex, widest near midlength.  LEGS. Tibiae with black apical mucro; protibiae with outer margin straight, inner margin bisinuate; metatibiae with inner setal fringe, the setae shorter than segment 5 of metatarsus. Tarsi with segment 2 isodiametric or slightly wider than long.  ABDOMEN. Ventrite 1 flat or slightly concave, bearing plumose scales in impression; other surfaces with overlapping creamy-white scales, partly concealing integument.  TERMINALIA. Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio 0.25), 1.5–2.0 × as long as temones, sides moderately convex, widest near midlength; curvature in profile weak and regular, dorsoventrally slightly narrowed before apex. Copulatory sclerite weakly sclerotised or not discerned in examined specimens. Parameroid lobes separate, divided by deep median notch, each lobe narrowed anteapically and rounded at apex, bearing long setae marginally and discally, all setae orientated centrifugally. Spiculum gastrale with basal arms regularly curved.   Sexual dimorphism The sexes can be distinguished by the width of the forehead (as wide as epifrons in male, distinctly wider in female), and females also lack the metatibial mucro and plumose scales on ventrite 1.    Life history Adults of  C. hirtulus sp. nov.were found at several localities in homogenous stands of  Oxalis obtusa. Some were extracted from galleries in the soil, emerging from the bulbs of  O. obtusa(JHAR02444, Fig. 6E–F). Adults were collected between July and September, with freshly emerged specimens encountered in July and August (JHAR02356; JHAR02444).    Distribution   Cryptolarynx hirtulus sp. nov.occurs at various localities in the southern and northern parts of the Cederberg mountain range and in the area of Malmesbury ( Fig. 13). Specimens were collected from 120 to 1544 mabove sea level.    Remarks The amplification of COIsequences from several populations of this species failed repeatedly, probably due to mismatches in the primer sequences. At intraspecific level, genetic distances between distant populations were found to be up to 1.3% in EF1(JHAR02356; JHAR02561), suggesting that several lineages may exist in the species as described here. It should be noted that the preliminary phylogenetic relationships were not fully resolved for EF1between this species and  C. robustus sp. nov.( Fig. 12). 4145879338 2019-08-29 SAMC J. Haran South Africa -33.623 Worcester 72 19.472 Worcester 21 22 JHAR02356_0101 1 1 Western Cape Province holotype 4145879341 2019-08-29 CBGP J. Haran South Africa -33.623 Western Cape 72 19.472 Worcester 21 22 3 2 1 Western Cape paratype 4145879309 1989-08-29 TMSA S. Endrody-Younga & J. Klimaszewski -31.95 Clanwilliam 72 18.717 Clanwilliam 21 22 1 1 paratype 4145879352 1989-08-29 TMSA S. Endrody-Younga & J. Klimaszewski 23 24 -32.15 Olifants River 72 18.883 21 22 1 1 Clanwilliam N paratype 4145879364 2019-09-10 CBGP J. Haran -33.454 Malmesbury 72 18.743 Malmesbury 23 24 JHAR02561 2 2 paratype 4145879328 2019-07-23 CBGP J. Haran -33.402 Touws River 72 19.886 23 24 JHAR02444 1 1 paratype 4145879375 1995-07-17 SANC S. Neser -31.783 Wupperthal 72 19.267 Wupperthal 23 24 1 1 Northern Cape paratype 4145879399 2018-11-09 FFWS R. Borovec 1544 -31.352 Hantamsberg 72 19.803 23 24 1 1 Calvinia N paratype 4145879395 on Galenia africana [now Aizoon africanum (L.) Klak, Aizoaceae] 1986-09-18 SANC R. Oberprieler -31.467 Nieuwoudtville 72 19.3 Nieuwoudtville 23 24 1 1 paratype 4145879348 1983-08-18 TMSA S. Endrody-Younga & M-L. Penrith -31.383 Vanrhyns Pass 72 19.033 Vanrhyns Pass 23 24 1 1 paratype 4145879332 on flowers and vegetation; shrub vegetation on coarse sand 1994-09-25 TMSA C. L. Bellamy -31.367 Vanrhyns Pass 72 19.033 Vanrhyns Pass 23 24 1 1 paratype