Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales) Rio, Cédric Del Stull, Gregory W. Franceschi, Dario De European Journal of Taxonomy 2020 2020-05-14 645 1 130 4QR83 (Baill. ex Grandid.) Sleumer Sleumer Grandid. [476,1112,404,432] Magnoliopsida Icacinaceae Pyrenacantha Plantae Icacinales 79 80 Tracheophyta species humblotii  Fig. 26.1–26.9    Material examined  Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description   MADAGASCAR• 1987;  M. Nicoll, P. Lowry& A. Rakotozafy570; P[ MNHN-P-P00440635].  Other material   MADAGASCAR• s.d.;  REH334; P[ MNHN-P-P06637527]• s.d.;  Humblots.n.; P[ MNHN-P-P00440634].    Description FRUIT. Elliptical, slightly accrescent at the apex, red when mature. Epicarp pilose-puberulent with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, shriveled when dry. Mesocarp 440–560 µmthick when dry. Calyx persistent, separated from the fruit by an elongated gynophore. Length 17–22 mm, width 11–20 mm, width 5–13 mm. ENDOCARP. Reddish-brown, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca 17 mm, width ca 11.7 mm, thickness ca 7.4 mm. Trace of keel present in the upper part. Apex with acute protuberance, asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits primarily elongate, 0.4–1.3 mmin diameter, more or less randomly arranged with 9–13 pits longitudinally and 10–12 pits transversally (ca 115–130 pits per face). Pits associated with spiny tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles ca 2–3 mmin length and 548–628 µmin diameter at the base, more or less capitate at the apex, with 16–20 cells in width. Tubercle cells sclerotic, digitate and elongate. Ridges rounded and large, delimiting a dense reticulum enclosing all pits in an areole. Endocarp wall 480–566 µmthick (excluding pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with three cell layers: outermost layer with 3–4 rows of isodiametric to anticlinally oriented cells, cells 8.3–12.8 µmin length, followed by a layer with ca 13–14 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells 16.9–56.3 µmin width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells 9.2–11.9 µmin width, lining the locule surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae; papillae 10.5–20.0 µm (av. 15.3 µm) in diameter. Locule surface not lacunate. 2620302385 [189,1295,589,617] 1987 P M. Nicoll & P. Lowry & A. Rakotozafy Madagascar MADAGASCAR 79 80 MNHN-P-P00440635 1 2620302392 [189,962,691,718] P REH Madagascar MADAGASCAR 79 80 MNHN-P-P06637527 1 2620302460 P Humblot 79 80 MNHN- P-P00440634 1