Weber, 1913 :595 Myers, 1939 :19 Owstonia pectinifer Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola, 1984 :229 Prokofiev, 2010 :408 Sphenanthias Owstonia O . pectinifer Owstonia sibogae Sphenanthias sibogae Hidden diversity in deep-water bandfishes: review of Owstonia with descriptions of twenty-one new species (Teleostei: Cepolidae: Owstoniinae) Smith-Vaniz, William F. Johnson, David Zootaxa 2016 4187 1 1 103 Weber Weber [151,473,1855,1881] Actinopterygii Cepolidae Owstonia Animalia Perciformes 81 82 Chordata species sibogae     Sphenanthias sibogae  Weber, 1913:595, pl 2, figs. 4 & 4a (original description; Timor Sea, 10°27.9'S, 123°28.7'E, Indonesia; depth 216 m); Weber and de Beaufort, 1932:114, fig. 20 (redescription).    Sphenanthias pectinifer  Myers, 1939:19(original description; off Dumalag Island, Davao Gulf, Mindanao, Philippines, R/V Albatross sta. D.5255; depth 100 fms [ 183 m]).    Owstonia pectinifer.  Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola, 1984:229, unnumbered color photograph (brief description);  Prokofiev, 2010:408, figs. 1 & 2 (  Sphenanthiassynonymized with  Owstonia;  O. pectiniferprovisionally recognized as a valid species).   Owstonia sibogae. Endo et al., 2016:37 ( lectotypedesignation of  Sphenanthias sibogae, ZMA 112.568, 82 mm SL, Timor Sea; comparative material six specimens, 80.5‒122 mmSL).     Materialexamined. 19 specimens, 82–156 mmSL:  Indonesia  ZMA119.382(2, ca. 93–122), Timor Sea, 10°27.9'S, 123°28.7'E,  216 m, M. Weber,  2 Feb. 1900;   ANSP152035(2, 113 C&S–156) and  ANSP152642(1, 100), Sumbawa, Saleh Bay, 8°34'S, 117°46'E,  150–280 m, T. Gloerfelt-Tarp,  16 Jul. 1981;   NMNH1985–363(2, 97–98), Sulawesi, 1°57.8'S, 119°15'E,  215 m, P. Fourmanoir, R/ V Corindon II, sta. 271; MNHN 1985–356 (1, 58),  Sulawesi, 1°57.8'S, 119°15'E,  215m, R/ V Corindon II, sta. 271;  BMNH1986.10.6.61 (1, 90), Indonesia, no other data.   Philippines  USNM93455(1, 138), holotypeof  Sphenanthias pectiniferMyers, Mindanao,  DavaoBay, E. of Dumalag Island, 7°3'N, 125°39'E,  183 m, R/ V Albatross, sta. D5255,  18 May 1908;   USNM93456(1, 104), Panalangan Point, Talajit Island, between Samar and Masbate, 11°57'N, 124°12'24"E,  250 m, R/ V Albatrosssta. D.5396,  15 Mar. 1909;  CAS32914 (2, 78–96), Luzon Island, Ragay Gulf, Quezon, Pusago Point,  250 m, J.E. Norton,  11 Nov. 1966;  CAS33848 (5, 90–126 C&S), Marinduque Island, SE of Salomagee I.,  287–312 m, J. E. Norton,  20 Oct. 1964.   Vietnam  USNM357481(1, 82), vicinity of Gulf of Tonkin, 15°56'48"N, 109°30'E,  260–315 m,  16 Sep. 1963.   Diagnosis.A species of  Owstoniawith LL pattern type1; dorsal-fin spines IV, 23–24 (rarely 24); anal fin II, 15–17 (typically16); oblique body scale rows in mid-lateral series 27–30; cheek scale rows 3; premaxillary stripe short, extending only about 2/3 length of premaxilla; inner membrane covering posterior part of dentary black.   Description.A species of  Owstoniawith LL pattern consisting of type1, a simple lateral line that originates from posttemporal sensory canal near anterodorsal margin of gill opening, curves upward and backward then continues posteriorly just below dorsal-fin base to soft rays 19‒23. Dorsal fin IV, 23–24 (rarely 24); anal fin II, 15– 17 (typically16); pectoral fin 18–20; gill rakers 14–18 + 27–32 = 41–48. Vertebrae: precaudal 12, caudal 17, total 29; anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to 1st haemal spine 4. Oblique body scale rows in mid-lateral series about 27– 30; nape scaly and cheek scale rows 3 ( Fig. 12I). Lower limb margin of preopercle with 8–14 strong spines ( Fig. 8I). Papillae in slight depression behind tip of premaxillary ascending processes 4, arranged in 2 almost equally spaced pairs. Teeth in outer row of each premaxilla 29‒41; no inner teeth anteriorly. Teeth in lateral row of each dentary 15‒26; symphyseal teeth 5‒6 short and peg-like, and with 1–4 inner teeth anteriorly. Pelvic fin probably sexually dimorphic, depressed pelvic fin extending only to anus, to anal-fin origin (most specimens) or to soft ray 4. Caudal fin lanceolate. In 9 specimens, 90‒156 mmSL, caudal fin 1.5‒2.2 times in SL; head 3.8‒5.2 times in SL; body depth at anal-fin origin 3.9‒6.4 times in SL. Color pattern in alcohol: Adults with dorsal fin uniformly pale; membrane connecting maxilla and premaxilla with prominent dark stripe that extends only about 1/2 length of premaxilla ( Fig. 15C), and inner membrane covering posterior part of dentary also black. Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola (1984)recorded the life coloration as "body rosy with areas of pale yellow, maxilla, side of head and pectoral base iridescent; premaxillary groove black, fins greenish yellow, dorsal and anal fins iridescent violet." Proportions of 10 specimens 82‒156 mmSL mm SL, as percentages of SL: predorsal length 19.7‒25.0; preanal length 45.4‒50.9; dorsal-fin base 63.3–72.9; anal-fin base 37.1‒46.5; pelvic-fin length 18.3‒39.3; caudalfin length 45.4‒67.4; body depth at anal-fin origin 19.5‒25.8; head length 19.3‒26.0; upper jaw length 9.9‒12.8; upper jaw depth 5.0‒6.4; orbit diameter 8.1‒11.9. As percentages of head length: upper jaw length 47.4‒53.4; orbit diameter 40.1‒49.8.  Comparisons.Three species have many of the diagonistic characters of  Owstonia sibogaebut differ (characters of  O. sibogaein parentheses) as follows:  Owstonia hastatahas anal fin II, 14 (vs. II, 15–17), oblique body scale rows in mid-lateral series 38 (vs. 27–30) and more precaudal vertebrae and anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to 1st haemal spine 13 and 5 respectively (vs. 12 and 4);  O. elongatahas more dorsal-fin soft rays 24–26 (vs. 23, rarely 24), typically with anal-fin spine I, exceptionally II, see Table 4(vs. II) and more precaudal vertebrae and anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to 1st haemal spine 16 and 8 respectively (vs. 12 and 4);  O. contodonhas more body scale rows in mid-lateral series ca. 48–53 (vs. 27–30) and premaxillary stripe extending entire length of premaxilla (vs. short stripe, extending only about 2/3 length of premaxilla). Four other species (  O. fallax,  geminata,  macrophthalmaand  whiteheadi) agree with  O. sibogaein having LL pattern type1, dorsal-fin spines IV and spines on the lower limb of the preopercle but differ in having anal-fin spines I (vs. II). In addition,  O. geminatahas the inner membrane covering the posterior part of the dentary pale (vs. dark), and the other three species have more oblique body scale rows in mid-lateral series 39–54 (vs. 27–30).   Etymology.Named for the East Indies Siboga Expedition. The results of the "Siboga-Expeditie" (published in many parts from 1901 to 1986) were edited by Max Weber.   Distribution.( Fig. 26) Vietnam, Philippines, and Indonesiawhere trawled in 183– 315 m.   Remarks.Weber's (1913) original description and drawing ( Fig. 74) of  Sphenanthias sibogaewere very inaccurate, especially in reporting 9 instead of 4 dorsal-fin spines and only a single cheek scale. Myers' (1939) comparison of  Sphenanthias pectiniferand  S. sibogaewas not based on his personal examination of any typesof  Sphenanthias sibogae. While questioning the accuracy of Weber's description, he seems to have relied primarily on the total gill raker counts (38‒39) reported in Weber and de Beaufort (1931)for the holotypeand three paratypesof  S. sibogae, versus 45 for the holotypeof  S. pectiniferas justification for his new species. Total gill rakers counts ranged from 41–48 in 13 specimensof  O. sibogae(see Table 7) we examined, suggesting that some of the very small gill rakers near the ends of the gill arch were not counted by Weber and de Beaufort. As indicated in the above synonymies, Endo et al.(2016) designated ZMA 112.568 as the lectotypeof  Sphenanthias sibogae. 1416599848 1900-02-02 ZMA M. Weber Indonesia 216 -10.465 Timor Sea 129 123.47833 Material 82 83 ZMA 119.382 19 1416599853 1981-07-16 ANSP T. Gloerfelt-Tarp Indonesia 215 -8.566667 Saleh Bay 1301 117.76667 Sumbawa 82 83 ANSP 152035, ANSP 152642 1 1416599841 NMNH P. Fourmanoir & V Corindon II Indonesia 215 -1.9633334 Sulawesi 929 119.25 82 83 NMNH 1985-363 1 Sulawesi 1416599847 BMNH V Corindon II Indonesia 215 -1.9633334 Sulawesi 929 119.25 82 83 BMNH 1986.10 1 Sulawesi 1416599842 [212,1233,582,607] USNM Philippines Philippines 82 83 USNM 93455 1 holotype 1416599861 1908-05-18 V Albatross Iceland 183 7.05 Davao 1303 125.65 82 83 1 Davao holotype 1416599851 1909-03-15 USNM V Albatross Iceland 250 11.95 Panalangan Point 925 124.206665 82 83 USNM 93456 1 Samar and Masbate holotype 1416599857 1966-11-11 CAS J. E. Norton Iceland 250 Pusago Point Ragay Gulf 82 83 1 Quezon holotype 1416599850 1964-10-20 CAS Salomagee I. & J. E. Norton Iceland 300 Marinduque 82 83 1 Marinduque holotype 1416599858 1963-09-16 USNM Vietnam 288 15.946667 Gulf of Tonkin 889 109.5 82 83 USNM 357481 1 holotype