Hidden diversity in deep-water bandfishes: review of Owstonia with descriptions of twenty-one new species (Teleostei: Cepolidae: Owstoniinae) Smith-Vaniz, William F. Johnson, David Zootaxa 2016 4187 1 1 103 [151,363,367,393] Actinopterygii Cepolidae Owstonia Animalia Perciformes 67 68 Chordata species mundyi sp. nov.     Holotype.  USNM 427880, 128mm SL, gravid female, Kiribati( Line Islands), off southwest point of Christmas Island, shrimp trawl in 150 fms [=  274 m], Townsend Cromwell Cruise60, sta. 53, R. Barkley et al.,  22 Aug. 1972.    Paratypes.  USNM427319(2, 121− 125 mmSL), both gravid females, same data as holotype.   Diagnosis.A species of  Owstoniawith LL pattern type1; nape and cheeks without scales; oblique body scale rows in mid-lateral series 97–108.   Description.(When counts vary those of paratypesare given in parentheses.) A species of  Owstoniawith LL pattern type1, consisting of a simple lateral line that originates from posttemporal sensory canal near anterodorsal margin of gill opening, curves upward and backward then continues posteriorly just below dorsal-fin base to soft rays 20–23. Dorsal fin III, 23; anal fin I, 15–16; pectoral fin 17–18; gill rakers 13+22/23 (12+23–24). Vertebrae: precaudal 11, caudal 18, total 29; anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to 1st haemal spine 3. Oblique body scale rows in mid-lateral series about 106/108 (97–105); nape and cheeks naked. Lower margin of preopercle without spines. Papillae in slight depression behind tip of premaxillary ascending processes 4, arranged in 2 almost equally spaced pairs; each papilla is slightly tapered vertically and capped with a small flap, which condition is more apparent in the holotype( Fig. 14D). Teeth in outer row of each premaxilla 20/22 (19–24); 2–3 inner teeth anteriorly. Teeth in lateral row of each dentary 9‒15; symphyseal teeth 2/3 (2−3), small and conical, and with 2–3 small inner teeth anteriorly. Pelvic fin apparently sexually dimorphic, depressed fin short and extending only to anal-fin origin in the three gravid typespecimens but much longer in a male tentatively identified as  O. mundyi(see Distribution and Remarks). Caudal fin lanceolate. Caudal fin 2.1‒2.4 times in SL; head 3.4‒3.9 times in SL; body depth at anal-fin origin 5.0‒5.2 times in SL.   FIGURE 56.  Owstonia mundyi, holotype, (right side reversed), USNM 427880, 128 mm SL, Kiribati (Line Islands), Christmas Island. Photograph by Sandra J. Raredon. Color pattern in alcohol: Dorsal fin uniformly pale; membrane connecting maxilla and premaxilla with prominent black stripe that extends nearly to end of ascending process, and inner membrane covering posterior part of dentary also black. Based on videos of individuals at Kingman Reeftentatively identified as  O. mundyi( Figs. 57, 58), upper part of head and body red, becoming paler below; and presumed male (see "Distribution") with distal margin of dorsal fin and elongate pelvic-fin soft ray white. Caudal and anal fins pale with narrow red margins and dorsal fin with narrow submarginal red stripe, wider posteriorly.  Owstonia mundyiand  O. hawaiiensisappear to have virtually identical life coloration. Proportions of 128 mmSL holotypeare given first, followed by those of the 121–125 SL paratypes(in parentheses), as percentages of SL: predorsal length 25.1 (22.9–26.0); preanal length 50.7 (50.6–52.2); dorsal-fin base 64.6 (64.4–64.6); anal-fin base 36.0 (37.0–40.0); pelvic-fin length 21.9 (21.9–24.0); caudal-fin length 42.0 (42.0–47.0); body depth at anal-fin origin 19.4 (19.3–19.6); head length 28.4 (25.5–27.5); upper jaw length 12.3 (12.2–12.3); upper jaw depth 5.3 (4.9–5.5); orbit diameter 10.4 (9.4–11.6). As percentages of head length: upper jaw length 43.4 (40.2–43.7); orbit diameter 36.5 (37.0–42.3).   FIGURE 57.  Owstonia mundyi? (see discussion under Distribution), female, Kingman Reef, 338 m, submersible dive P5-654. Photograph by pilot Terry Kerby, courtesy of HURL.   FIGURE 58.  Owstonia mundyi? (see discussion under Distribution), male, Kingman Reef, 338 m, submersible dive P5-654. Photograph by pilot Terry Kerby, courtesy of HURL.  Comparisons.The western Indian Ocean  O. lepiotaalso lacks nape scales and has a high number (95) of oblique body scale rows in mid-lateral series but differs in having 5–6 cheek scale rows (vs. naked cheek) and analfin rays II,15 (vs. I, 15‒16 in  O. mundyi).  Owstonia nudibuccaand  O. totomiensis, the only other congeners that lack cheek scales, differ from  O. mundyimost obviously in having LL pattern type3 and fewer oblique scale rows in mid-lateral series, 38‒60 (vs. 97‒108).   Etymology.Named for Bruce C. Mundy, NOAA National Marine Fishery Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, who arranged for us to receive the typespecimens of this species and called our attention to important video frame grabs in support of his important submersible observations on  Owstoniaspp.   Distribution.( Fig. 24) Specimens came only from the  Christmas Island typelocality, and presumably the same species has also been observed and filmed ( Figs. 57, 58) at Kingman Reef, 6°25.702'N, 162°26.338'W. Specimens were trawled in about 274 mat the typelocality and observed in 342 mat Kingman Reef. We tentatively identify the Kingman Reefspecies as  O. mundyibecause Kingman Reefand Kiribatiare both in the Line IslandGroup. However, we note that the life colors of the presumed female ( Fig. 57) are remarkably similar to that of  O. hawaiiensis; it also agrees in having a relatively short caudal fin, in contrast to the presumed male  O. mundyi( Fig. 58) which appears to have a much longer caudal fin than that of a male  O. hawaiiensis( Fig. 41); calculated caudal-fin lengths of the two fish, based on the video images ( Figs. 41and 58), are approximately 39% SL and 47% respectively.   Remarks.Bruce Mundy (in litt, July 2009) observed a pair of  Owstoniaat Kingman Reef( Figs. 57, 58), one with short pelvic fins and the other with long fins, alternately swimming in and out of holes on a vertical rock face. Sexually dimorphic pelvic fins occur in several other species of  Owstonia, so a reasonable hypothesis is that a single species with sexually dimorphic fins was observed. Apparent color differences of the two photographed fish are an artifact of the different distances of the camera from each fish, affecting the intensity of illumination. 1416599887 1972-08-22 USNM Townsend Cromwell Cruise & R. Barkley Kiribati 274 Line Islands 67 68 USNM 427880, 128 1 Line Islands holotype 1416599897 [199,1253,546,571] 1972-08-22 USNM Townsend Cromwell Cruise & R. Barkley Kiribati 274 Line Islands 67 68 USNM 427319 1 Line Islands paratype