Sipaneopsis duckei Delprete S. maguirei Steyermark (1967: 287) S. maguirei Calyx Two new species of the tribe Sipaneeae (Rubiaceae) from white-sand areas of Brazilian and Colombian Amazon Delprete, Piero G. Phytotaxa 2018 2018-12-10 382 1 125 135 8X68K Delprete Delprete 2018 [136,462,158,185] Magnoliopsida Rubiaceae Sipaneopsis Plantae Gentianales 5 130 Tracheophyta species duckei sp. nov.    Type:— BRAZIL. Pará: Mun. Oriximiná, Campos do Ariramba, campina inundavel do Rio Jaramacarú, solo arenito,  90 m,  8 June 1980(fl, imm fr),  G. Martinelli6869 ( RB 202995)( holotype, MG[ Acc. No.92530]; isotypes, INPA[ Acc. No.101497], NY[2 sheets, barcodes 02693457 and 01552866], RBn.v., UB). ( Fig. 2).    Sipaneopsis duckeiDelpreteis similar to  S. maguirei Steyermark (1967: 287)in several aspects, e.g., stipules entire (not lobed), inflorescences congested-cymose, style slightly shorter or about the same length of the corolla tube, and seeds 6–8 per locule. The previous differs from the latter in having stout, erect stems (vs. thin, reclining, decumbent or ascending in  S. maguirei); stipules (2.5 −)3–6.5 × 1.5–3.5 mm(vs. 1.5–3.5 × 1–2 mm); inflorescences (12–)19–58- flowered (vs. 2–8-flowered); corolla 17.5–22 mmlong and tube 12–16 mmlong when fully elongated (vs. corolla 21–30 mmand tube 15–22 mmlong when fully elongated); and fruits 4–5 × 4–5 mm(vs. 3.5–4 × 3.5–4 mm).  Subshrubto shrub 0.3–1.6 mtall, erect or ascending (rarely decumbent), few- to many-branched; stems stout, woody; young branches sparsely hispid-strigose or appressed to spreading strigose (hairs 0.3–0.6 mmlong). Stipulesfree at base or narrowly connate to the petioles, entire (not lobed) or rarely bilobed at older nodes, base broadly triangular and distal portion linear, or narrowly triangular to narrowly oblong-triangular, (2.5 −)3–6.5 × 1.5–3.5 mm, lobes (when present) narrowly triangular to linear (sometimes with a terminal colleter), hispid-strigose to spreading-strigose outside, sericeous and with a raw of colleters at base (populations in Serra Aracá) or glabrous and with a basal portion of sericeous hairs and a few colleters (populations of Campos do Ariramba) inside, persistent. Leavessubsessile to petiolate; petioles to 5.5 mmlong, hispid-strigose or appressed to spreading-strigose (hairs 0.3–0.5 mmlong); blades ovate, narrowly ovate, elliptic-lanceolate, narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong-elliptic, (2.5 −)3.5–8.5 × (0.6–) 1–3.5 cm, round, obtuse to attenuate at base, acute at apex, subcoriaceous, margins planar or narrowly revolute, dark green above and pale green below when fresh, drying dark brown above and pale brown below, lamina glabrous or and midrib appressed strigose above, lamina glabrous or sparsely strigose and primary and secondary veins sparsely to densely appressed strigose below; secondary veins 6–10 each side of midrib, strongly depressed above, prominent below. Inflorescencecongested-cymose (branched portion reduced), dichotomously branched, (12–)19–58-flowered, 2.2–10 cmlong (including peduncle and flowers), 1–3 cmbroad (expanding after anthesis), sometimes frondose, i.e. subtended by leaf-like bracts (i.e., pherophylls), these (when present) narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 1–3.5 × 0.2–1 cm, acute at apex, lamina sparsely strigose and primary and secondary veins densely appressed-strigose below, margins strigose-ciliate; peduncle 0.7–7.5 cmlong, densely strigose; bracts subtending secondary branches lanceolate, narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong-elliptic, (1–)2–4.5 × (0.3–) 0.5–1.5 mm, attenuate at base, acute at apex; terminal branchlets scorpiod, 0.5–15 mmlong (elongating after anthesis), densely strigose. Flowerssessile to short-pedicellate, secundiflorous, with one bracteole opposing each flower and one subtending each flower (the one subtending the flower smaller than the one opposing the same flower), these sessile, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, decreasing in size towards branch tip, 1.5–4.5 × 0.5–1.1, acute at apex, sparsely strigose, margins ciliate-strigose; central flower sessile to sub-pedicellate, pedicel (when present) to 1.3 mmlong, lateral flowers sessile. Hypanthiumglobose, broadly-obovoid to obovoidturbinate, 1–1.5 × 0.8–1.5 mm, densely to sparsely strigose.  Calyxtube extremely reduced or absent; lobes 5, equal or subequal, ovate, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.7– 0.1 mm, acute at apex, strigose outside, margins strigose-ciliate, glabrous inside, with 1 or 2 colleters at base of each sinus. Corollasalverform, pink, 17.5–22 mmlong when fully elongated; tube cylindrical, slightly expanded at mouth, 12–16 mmlong when fully elongated, 0.5–0.7 mmwide at base, 1.6–2 mmwide at mouth, sparsely appressed-strigose and distally more densely so outside, glabrous at basal 3–3.5 mmand sparsely puberulous at upper portion inside; lobes left-contorted, broadly obovate (almost round), obovate to elliptic, 4.5–7 × 2–4 mmwhen fully expanded (perpendicular to the tube), round, obtuse to acute at apex, sparsely appressed strigose outside, glabrous and papillose inside. Stamensincluded (anthers tips ca. 1–1.3 mmbelow corolla mouth) or about the same length of the tube, inserted 2–3 mmbelow corolla mouth; anthers subsessile, oblong-elliptic, 1.5–2.1 mmlong, acute at both ends. Styleincluded (slightly shorter then or about the same length of the tube), 12–14 mmlong when fully elongated, glabrous; style branches narrowly lanceolate, ca. 1 mmlong. Infructescencea compound dichasium, 6.5–8.5 cmlong, terminal branches scorpiod, 1.5–3 cmlong. Fruitglobose, 4–5 × 4–5 mm, appressed strigose, crowned by the permanent calyx lobes (larger then in flowers, 3–4.5 mmlong), falling off as dispersal unit. Seeds6–8 per locule, irregularly ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.9–1.1 × 0.8–1 mm, rugose-foveolate, testa pale brown.   Distribution and ecology:—A species occurring in two populations in Campos do Ariramba, state of Pará, and in Serra do Aracá (tepui formation), state of Amazonas, in the northernmost region of Amazonian Brazil; endemic to white-sand savannas with sparse trees and shrubs, locally called campinarana, often seasonally inundated; most collections were made at 80–100 maltitude, and a few collections were made at 1200–1220 maltitude on the plateau of Serra Aracá.   FIGURE 2.  Sipaneopsis duckei. A.Branch with two frondose inflorescences and one infructescence (note last fruit on the infructescence). B.Stipule. C.Detail of an inflorescence. D.Flower at early stage of anthesis. E.Flower at intermediate stage of anthesis. F.Flower at final stage of anthesis, with corolla lobes reflexed, and receptive stigmas. G.Indehiscent fruit, fallen off as dispersal unit. A–B:drawn from Egler 273(MG); C, G:drawn from  Rosa& Lira 2268(MG); D–F:drawn from Prance et al. 28853(US). Illustration by Piero Delprete.  Phenology:—Specimens with flowers in anthesis were collected in January, February, May, July, October and December. Three gatherings with flowers and fruits were collected in January, June and July.  Suggested conservation status:—  Sipaneopsis duckeiis known from numerous collections from two distant areas of white-sand savannas, Campos do Ariramba, state of Pará, and Serra do Aracá (tepui formation), state of Amazonas, in the northernmost region of Amazonian Brazil. The extent of occurrence (EOO) is therefore not calculable. The species occurs in remote areas, without imminent threat. It is therefore considered Not Threatened [NT] according to IUCN criteria ( IUCN 2012, 2016).   Etymology:—The specific epithet of this taxon is dedicated to Adolpho Ducke (1876–1959), famous botanist and entomologist that collected for nearly 50 years in the Amazon basin of Brazil, often in remote places still botanically little-known as of today. This epithet is dedicated to him because he was the first botanist to make plant collections in Campos do Ariramba, northern portion of the state of Pará, Brazil, where he also made the first collection of this species. He described his difficult expedition to reach this locality, which took place during 7–27 December 1906, going upstream the Rio Trombetas, and then its affluent Rio Jaramacarú, followed by several days cutting a trail through difficult terrain, in an article published the following year ( Ducke 1907). He collected  Sipaneopsis duckeiDelpretetwo days before reaching the open fields of Campos do Ariramba, in an area of campinarana, on 20 December 1906( A. Ducke s.n. (MG 8020), MG, unicate). The gathering Martinelli 6869 (RB 202995), collected in the same locality 74 years later, is designated as the typeof this taxon because it has duplicates of flowering specimens deposited in several herbaria (INPA, MG, NY [2 sheets], RB, UB).  Notes:—  Sipaneopsis duckeiis also similar to  S. rupicola(Spruce ex K. Schumann 1889: 222) Steyermark (1967: 285, fig. 29g–m) by being a subshrub to shrub with stout, strigose to strigulose branches, subcoriaceous leaves, and inflorescences 19–58-flowered. The former differs from the later by having stipules entire or rarely bilobed at older nodes (lobes narrowly triangular to linear, sometimes with a terminal colleter), base broadly triangular and distal portion linear, or narrowly triangular to narrowly oblong-triangular, (2.5 −) 3–6.5 mmlong, hispid-strigose to spreading-strigose outside; whereas, in  S. rupicolathe stipules are triangular, 4–5 mmlong, entire and caudate, or triangular at base and with 2 or 3 acute lobes, or the base reduced to a line with 6 or 7 linear lobes, densely strigulose outside. In  Sipaneopsis duckeithe corollas are 17.5–22 mmlong when fully expanded, tubes are 12–16 mmlong when fully expanded, sparsely appressed-strigose and distally more densely so outside, glabrous at basal 3–3.5 mmand sparsely puberulous at upper portion inside; lobes are broadly obovate (almost round), obovate to elliptic, 4.5–7 × 2–4 mmwhen fully expanded (perpendicular to the tube), round, obtuse to acute at apex, appressed strigose outside, papillose inside. In  S. rupicolathe corollas are 16–16.2 mmlong when fully expanded; tubes are 11.5 mmlong when fully expanded, sericeous-strigose (densely so near the mouth) outside, glabrous at basal 3.5–4 mmand puberulent above and papillose near the mouth inside; the lobes are left-contorted or irregularly imbricate (1 or 2 external), subequal, oblong-obovate, 4.5–4.7 × 2.2–2.5 mmwhen fully expanded, obtuse to round at apex, sparsely strigulose outside, glabrous inside.    Additional specimens examined( paratypes): BRAZIL.  Amazonas: Mun. Barcelos, Parque Estadual da Serra do Aracá, vegetação arbustiva com afloramentos e alagados, com pequena mata na margem de igarapé, 0°55’24”N, 63°25’58”W,  1220 m,  1 September 2011(fl),  R. C. Forzza, G. Martinelli, M. A. Moraes, D. P. Costa& R. Azoury6632( INPA);  Rio Aracá, afluente do Rio Negro, campinarana, solo arenoso,  24 October 1952(fl),  R. L. Fróes& G. Addison29039( IAN);  Mun. Barcelos, campina, palmar  Barcella odoray sabana sobre arena blanca, ubicadas en la ribera izquierda del Rio Aracámedio, ca. 16 kmal SE (el línea recta) de la boca del Rio Januarí, ca. 00°25’N, 63°23’W,  100 m,  July 1985(fl),  O. Huber, G. T. Prance, J. M. Pires, I. Cordeiro, J. Guedes, C. D. Mota, E. L. S. da Silva& J. A. C. da Silva10782( INPA, NY); base of Serra do Aracá,  0 −3 km Sof Central Massif,  3 km Eof Rio Jauari, white-sand savanna, 0°49’N, 63°19’W,  6 February 1984(fl),  G. T. Prance, M. G. da Silva, L. A. Cisneros& C.D. A. da Mota28853( INPA, MG, NY, UB, US); plateau of northern massif of Serra Aracá, 0°51 −57’ N, 63°21 −22’ W,  1200 m,  11 February 1984(fl),  G. T. Prance, I. L. Amaral, J. J. Pipoly, A. S. Tavares, M. G. da Silva, C.D. A. da Mota& A. Cress28939( INPA, MG, NY, UB, US);  3 km Sof central massif of Serra Aracá, 0°49’N, 63°17’W[specimen label reports “ 65°17’W” which is a typographical error],  100 m, savanna on sand, dominated by  Lagenocarpus,  18 July 1985(fl),  G. T. Prance, E. L. S. da Silva, I. Cordeiro, C. D. Mota& O. Huber29680( INPA, MG, NY, US); margin of Rio Aracá, near Serrinha, open savanna on sand, sedge dominated, 0°25’N, 63°23’W,  80 m,  25 July 1985(fl, fr),  G. T. Prance, C. D. Mota& E. L. S. da Silva, 29798( INPA, MG, NY, US);  Nmargin of Rio Aracá, just above Igarapé Sauadaua, savanna on white sand, 0°13’N, 63°08’W,  80 m,  26 July 1985(fl),  G. T. Prance, O. Huber& J. A. C. da Silva29798( NY);  3 km Sda parte central da Serra Aracá, no caminho entre a pista de baixo e a encostas, e a  8 km Edo Rio Jauari, solo silicoso ao redor do campamento, campina lenhoso-graminóide [campina-rana], 0°49’N, 63°19’W,  13 March 1984(fl, imm fr),  W. A. Rodrigues, I. L. Amaral, M. G. Silva, Carlitos& M. Miranda10653 [ Aracá Inventory IL2-6]( INPA, NY);  3 km Sda parte central da Serra Aracá,  8 km Edo Rio Jauari, solo silicoso ao redor do campamento, campina lenhoso-graminóide [campina-rana], 0°49’N, 63°19’W,  13 March 1984(fl, imm fr),  W. A. Rodrigues, I. L. Amaral, M. G. Silva, Carlitos& M. Miranda10662 [ Aracá Inventory IL7-18]( INPA, NY); parte baixa ou pé da Serra Aracá, terreno arenoso ou catinga,  21 February 1977(fl),  N. A. Rosa& M. R. Cordeiro1562( MG, NY[2 sheets]); arredores do rio da Serra Aracá,  28 January 1978(fl, fr),  N. A. Rosa& S. B. Lira 2268( MG, NY, UB). Pará: Campo do Jamaracarú, perto do barracão, Região do Ariramba,  26 May 1957(fl),  G. A. Black, W. Egler, P. Cavalcante& A. Silva57-19606( IAN);  Alto Ariramba, campinarana,  20 December 1906(fl),  A. Duckes.n. ( MG 8020)( MG; the first collection of this species);  Mun. Óbidos, Jaramacarú,  27 May 1957(fl),  W. A. Egler273( MG);  Mun. Óbidos, Campos do Ariramba, campos near Igarapé Mutumand Rio Ariramba, white-sand soil,  4 December 1987(fl),  C. Farney& E. F. Batista2057( NY, US);  Mun. Óbidos, 91 kmde Oriximiná, Campos de Ariramba, entre Rio Jaramacarue Igarapé Mutum, campina aberta, solo areno-pedregoso, ca. 1°10’S, 55°35’W,  4 December 1987(fl),  C. A. C. Ferreira9769( INPA);  Mun. Oriximiná, Campos do Ariramba, campinas da margem do Rio Jaramacarú, afloramento arenítico,  80 m,  8 June 1980(fl, imm fr),  G. Martinelli, C. Davidson& C.D. A. Mota6929( INPA). 1980-06-08 G, MG, INPA, NY, RB, UB Martinelli & Acc. No. Brazil Type 90 Rio Jaramacaru Campos do Ariramba 5 130 RB 202995 2 Para holotype 2011-09-01 R, C, G, M, A, P, INPA Forzza & Martinelli & Moraes, D. & Costa & Azoury Brazil Parque Estadual da Serra do Araca 1220 0.92333335 Amazonas 21 -63.432777 Mun. Barcelos 7 132 2 1952-10-24 R, L, G, IAN Froes & Addison Brazil Rio Araca Rio Negro 7 132 1 1985-07 O, G, T, J, M, I, C, E, L, S, A, INPA, NY Huber & Prance & Pires & Cordeiro & Guedes & D. Mota & da Silva Brazil Rio Januari 100 0.41666666 Mun. Barcelos 1308 -63.383335 Rio Araca 7 132 1 1984-02-06 S, E, G, T, M, L, A, C, INPA, MG, NY, UB da Silva & Cisneros & da Mota United States of America 0.81666666 Serra do Araca 1308 -63.316666 Prance 7 132 1 1984-02-11 N, W, G, T, I, L, J, A, S, M, C, INPA, MG, NY, UB Prance & Amaral & Pipoly & Tavares & da Silva & da Mota & Cress United States of America 1200 Serra Araca 7 132 1 1985-07-18 S, G, T, E, L, I, C, O, INPA, MG, NY da Silva & Cordeiro & D. Mota & Huber United States of America 100 0.81666666 Serra Araca 1308 -65.28333 Prance 7 132 1 1985-07-25 G, T, C, E, L, S, INPA, MG, NY D. Mota & da Silva United States of America Prance 80 0.41666666 Rio Araca 1308 -63.383335 Serrinha 7 132 1 1985-07-26 N, G, T, O, J, A, C, NY Prance & da Silva United States of America Huber 80 0.21666667 Rio Araca 1308 -63.133335 Igarape Sauadaua 7 132 1 1984-03-13 S, E, W, A, I, L, M, G, INPA, NY Amaral & Silva & Carlitos & Miranda & Araca Inventory IL United States of America 0.81666666 Serra Araca 1308 -63.316666 Rodrigues 7 132 1 1984-03-13 S, E, W, A, I, L, M, G, INPA, NY Amaral & Silva & Carlitos & Miranda & Araca Inventory IL United States of America 8 133 0.81666666 Serra Araca 1308 -63.316666 Rodrigues 7 132 1 1977-02-21 N, A, M, R, MG, NY da Serra Araca & Cordeiro United States of America 8 133 1 1957-05-26 1978-01-28 1957-05-26 N, A, S, B, MG, NY, UB, G, W, P, IAN da Serra Araca & Black & Egler & Cavalcante & Silva United States of America Campo do Jamaracaru Regiao do Ariramba 8 133 1 1906-12-20 A, MG Ducke United States of America Alto Ariramba 8 133 MG 8020 1 [136,886,336,361] 1957-05-27 W, A, MG Egler United States of America Mun. Obidos Jaramacaru 8 133 1 1987-12-04 C, E, F, NY Batista United States of America Farney Mun. Obidos Rio Ariramba 8 133 1 1987-12-04 C, A, INPA Ferreira United States of America Igarape Mutum -1.1666666 Mun. Obidos 1308 -55.583332 Rio Jaramacaru 8 133 1 1980-06-08 G, C, A, INPA Mota United States of America Davidson 80 Mun. Oriximina Martinelli 8 133 1