Pheidole alfaroi Emery Pheidole innupta Menozzi Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Wilson, E. O. 4FY6W urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33576 Emery Insecta Formicidae Pheidole Animalia Pheidole alfaroi Emery Hymenoptera 165 Arthropoda species alfaroi urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33802 Menozzi Insecta Formicidae Pheidole missing, matching species 1 1 Animalia Pheidole innupta Menozzi Hymenoptera 165 Arthropoda species innupta   Pheidole alfaroi Emery1896g: 70. Syn.: Pheidole innupta Menozzi1931d: 200, n. syn.(provisional, see Diagnosis and Color below).  Etymology Eponymous.  Diagnosis A member of the diligensgroup closest to the Costa Rican P. dianabut distinguished from it and other members of the group by the following combination of traits.  Major: in side view propodeal spine reduced to a denticle (but in innuptasyntype reduced to an obtuse angle; see illustration); in dorsal-oblique view, promesonotum weakly bilobate and humerus subangulate; promesonotal dorsum and all of propodeum "striped" with parallel carinulae. Minor: circular carinulae around antennal fossae reach all the way to the eye and are succeeded by other circular, "wraparound" carinulae that continue to the sides of the head; most of promesonotal dorsum and all of propodeum carinulate. The types of alfaroiand innuptaare virtually identical except for color (see below) and possibly a small difference in the propodeal angle (see illustration), and I have interpreted them as no more than color forms of the same species in the upland area around La Palma and Vara Blanca. Longino (1997) considers them sibling species, noting that innuptais "always black and nests under epiphytes," whereas the types of alfaroiare light colored and were found in rotting wood. If subsequent field research upholds these differences, Longino's interpretation is probably correct, and the nomenclature can be easily adjusted. Series from upland Panama and Colombia placed by me in alfaroiare intermediate in color: light to medium reddish brown. Measurements (mm) Lectotype major ofalfaroi: HW 1.42, HL 1.52, SL 1.04, EL 0.20, PW 0.74. Lectotype major of innupta: HW 1.44, HL 1.46, SL 1.06, EL 0.22, PW 0.72. Paralectotype minor ofalfaroi: HW 0.62, HL 0.74, SL 0.86, EL 0.12, PW 0.44. Paralectotype minor of innupta: HW 0.62, HL 0.78, SL 0.92, EL 0.12, PW 0.44. color Major of alfaroi: concolorous light reddish yellow. Major of innupta: body medium brown, appendages light brown. Minor of alfaroi: concolorous clear yellow. Minor of innupta: medium brown, appendages light brown.  Range Uplands of Costa Rica (1000-1600 m), Panama (El Volcan Chiriqui, 1150 m), and Colombia (Mosquera, Cundinamarca, 1800-2000 m).  biology Inhabits moist forest. In Costa Rica, nests under epiphytes (" innupta"); in Colombia, under rocks. Obviously, many more nest site data are needed to establish the preferred nest sites of alfaroiand possible sibling species. Males and winged queens were found at EI Volcan Chiriqui, Panama, on 24 June and a male near Mosquera, Colombia, on 30 June.  Figure Upper: major. Lower: minor. COSTA RICA: Vara Blanca (lectotype and paralectotype of junior synonym P. innuptaMenozzi). The type locality of alfaroi Emery, the senior synonym, is La Palma, near Bajo la Hondura, Costa Rica, 1500 m. The second, upper outline of the major propodeum is of the alfaroilectotype major. Scale bars = 1 mm.