Born from rock: eight new species of Itauara Müller, 1888 (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) from southeastern Brazil, including phylogenetic and distributional comments on the genus Alves, André Almeida Dumas, Leandro Lourenço Nessimian, Jorge Luiz Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-07-31 885 99 133 Alves & Dumas & Nessimian & Santos, 2023 Alves & Dumas & Nessimian & Santos 2023 [640,850,1023,1049] Insecta Glossosomatidae Itauara Animalia Trichoptera 10 109 Arthropoda species cipoensis sp. nov.   urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FBACA693-0227-44FC-9C07-5EE885820BE7  Fig. 4    Differential diagnosis This species is known only from the holotypeand belongs to the  brasilianaspecies group. Relationships among species in the  brasilianagroup are not resolved in the analysis presented here, and most of these species are placed in a polytomy, including  I. cipoensis sp. nov.and other two new species described below.  Itauara cipoensiscan be easily recognized by having paired spiral processes arising dorsobasally from the parameres ( Fig. 4A, C), and by the distinct shape of the phallicata, which is ribbon-like, and folds anteroventrally under itself ( Fig. 4A). The tergum X of this new species resembles that of  I. flinti Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011and  I. guarani( Angrisano, 1993), having an elongate process and irregular dorsolateral margins. However, in  I. cipoensis, the dorsolateral margin, in dorsal view, is slightly retracted beneath the tergum X itself ( Fig. 4A–B). Moreover, in lateral view, the dorsomesal process of the tergum X of this new species is longer, and has a strong downturned curvature, with a truncate apex ( Fig. 4A).  Itauara cipoensisand  I. guaranihave similarly shaped tergum X ventrolateral processes, but in the new species, this structure is digitate, while in  I. guaraniit is subtriangular.    Etymology The specific name refers to the region where the holotypewas collected, the Serra do Cipó mountain range.    Material examined    Holotype BRAZIL• ♂; Minas Gerais, Morro do Pilar, Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, Córrego Água Escura; 19°16′02.7″ S, 43°30′56.8″ W; alt.  1239 m;  18–21 Nov. 2018; A.A. Alves, A.P.M. Santos, A.S. Freitasand A.L.D. Ferreiraleg.; Malaise trap; DZRJ 7634.    Description  Adult Length of each forewing 2.5 mm(n = 1). Head, thorax, and appendages, in alcohol, light brown. Forewings covered with brown setae, and with slight spot of white setae near Cu2 vein, slightly broad after anastomosis, with margins approximately parallel, apex slightly rounded; forks I, II, and III present; Sc and R1 veins not fused; fork I sessile; fork II petiolate, with stem shorter than fork; fork III petiolate, with stem longer than fork; Cu1 vein complete, reaching wing margin; Cu1 and Cu2 veins separating close to anastomosis; Cu2 vein with row of erect setae; A3 vein absent; crossveins constituting relatively straight transverse line; Rs vein shorter than discoidal cell. Hind wings with anterior and posterior margins approximately parallel, with apical portion tapered; forks II and V present; Sc and R1 converging very near to wing margin; A2 vein absent. Spur formula 1, 4, 4, foretibial spur reduced and hairlike. Sternum VI with digitate process, with acute apex.  Male genitalia Preanal and inferior appendages absent. Segment IX dorsally narrow, broad ventrally; anterior margin rounded ( Fig. 4A); posterolateral margin slightly sclerotized ( Fig. 4A–B); anterior margin with ventromesal process projecting posteriorly ( Fig. 4B–C). Tergum X partially fused to tergum IX ( Fig. 4A); dorsomesal margin with elongate downturned process, and truncate apex in lateral view ( Fig. 4A), rounded in dorsal and ventral views ( Fig. 4B–C); dorsolateral margin slightly irregular, with some setae ( Fig. 4A); ventrolateral margin, in lateral view, with pair of small digitate processes, with some apical setae ( Fig. 4A). Parameres present, paired, arising ventrobasally from fused endotheca and phallobase, sclerotized and rod-like, slender and elongate, with strong basal curvature posteriorly directed, with subapical portion slightly broader, directed dorsally, apex pointed ( Fig. 4A, C); and with pair of spiraled processes arising dorsobasally from parameres ( Fig. 4A), in ventral view with apex acute and outwardly directed ( Fig. 4C). Phallobase reduced, slightly sclerotized basoventrally. Phallicata forming very long, sclerotized dorsal sheath, ribbon-like, with slightly acuminated projection subapically, followed by strong curvature, with apical portion curved anteroventrally under itself ( Fig. 4A), with elliptical area more sclerotized on mesoapical region ( Fig. 4C). Endophallus membranous, with slightly sclerotized lobe basoventrally ( Fig. 4A).  Female and immatures Unknown.    Distribution  Brazil[state of Minas Gerais(municipality of Morro do Pilar)] 4167735353 2018-11-18 2018-11-21 2018-11-18 Malaise trap DZRJ A. A. Alves & A. P. M. Santos & A. S. Freitas & A. L. D. Ferreira Brazil Morro do Pilar 1239 -19.267416 Corrego Agua Escura 1 -43.515778 Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipo 10 109 DZRJ 7634 1 1 Minas Gerais holotype