Two new species of Australian Eutarsopolipus (Acariformes: Podapolipidae) from Nurus medius (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Seeman, Owen D. Zootaxa 2019 2019-07-26 4647 1 134 153 Seeman, 2019 Seeman 2019 [151,442,1443,1470] Arachnida Podapolipidae Eutarsopolipus GBIF Animalia Prostigmata 1 135 Arthropoda species burwelli sp. nov.   Diagnosis.All life stages: respiratory system absent; tarsus II without solenidion; femur I with three setae; genu I with two small, spine-like setae ( l′, l′′present), genua II–III with one seta ( l′present); claws present on legs I–III. Adult female: gnathosomal length 66–70, width 62–67, cheliceral stylets long, 75–95; idiosomal setae d10–14, f8–13, h5–6; femur I seta l′2–4; genu I setae 2–3; tarsi II–III with seta pv′absent. Larviform adult male: dorsal setae  v1, sc1, sc2, c1, c2, d, fdeveloped; leg setation same as female. Larval female: plates C and D separate; seta h2short, 11–13.  Type material.  18 females, 5 males, 15 larvae, all ex  Nurus medius,as follows.  Australia: Queensland. Holotypefemale, Eungella NP, Mt William, Site1, 1234 masl, 21.016°S 148.598°E,  14 Nov. 2013, SC 25844, C. Burwell( QMS  110124). Paratypes:   6 females, 3 larvae, same data as holotype ( QMS  110125-33);   1 female, 1 male, CreditonSF, 28°18′28″S 148°32′33″E,  1 Dec–31 Dec 1993, IN9787, ANZSES, HR# T110024 ( QMS  110134-35);   7 females, 9 larvae, Eungella NP, Dalrymple Heights, 21° 8′12″S 148°29′30″E, IN7864,  6 Jan. 1973, J. Hammond, HR# T82062 ( QMS  110136-45; 1 femaleZMH-A0002396, 1 larva ZMH-A0002398; 1 female ANIC 52-003930, 1larva ANIC 52-003931);   2 females, 1 male, Eungella NP, Upper Cattle Creek, 21°1′41″S 148°36′11″E,  17 Nov. 1992, IN6186, G. Monteith, G. Thomson, H. Janetzki, HR# T82055 ( QMS  110146-48);   1 female, 1 larva, Mount William, 21° 1′ 5″S 148°35′57″E,  21 Dec. 1992–  10 Jan. 1993, IN5952, ANZSES, HR# T82066 ( QMS  110149-50);   3 males, 1 larva, Mt Macartney, 20°49′57″S 148°33′7″E,  19 Nov. 1992–  15 Apr. 1993, IN5936, HR# T82039 ( QMS  110151-52; 1 male ANIC 52-003932; 1 maleZMH-A0002397).  Type deposition.  Holotypeand most paratypesdeposited in QM. Onefemale, one male, one larva deposited in ANIC, one female, one male, one larva deposited in ZMH.  Description. Female( Figs 1–3, n = 18).  Gnathosoma.Length 70 (66–70), width 67 (62–67). Palp length 16 (15–16). Cheliceral stylets 90 (75–95), pharynx width 21 (15–21), dorsal gnathosomal setae ( ch) 36 (30–37), ventral setae ( su) 18 (15–18), distance between ventral setae ( su–su) 21 (18–23).   Idiosoma. Moderately physogastric, ovate. Length 325 (310–450), width 290 (270–370). Respiratory system absent. Prodorsal plate length 88 (83–99), with setae  v113(9–13),  v2vestigial, sc114 (12–15), sc295 (95–120);  v2anteromesad sc1. Distance between setae  v1–v157(52–58), sc1–sc1108 (105–110),  v1–sc133 (28–34),  v2–v268(65–69), sc2–sc2155 (125–155), sc1–sc242 (35–44). Plate C length 67 (63–70), setae c115 (15–17), setae c215 (11–16), distance between setae c1–c1105 (88–110), c1–c288 (78–93); often with pair of pore-like structures laterad setae c1. Plate D length 64 (57–64), setae d13 (10–14), d–d165 (160–180), cupuli iaanteriad to anterolaterad setae d. Plate EF length 65 (60–65), setae f13 (8–13), f–f145 (130–145); cupuli imanteriad to anterolaterad setae f. Plate H length 30 (17–30), width 94 (94–115), setae h5 (5–6). Venter: coxal setae short, usually simple (anomalous star-like form in holotypespecimen), 1a3 (2–3), 2a5 (4–6), 3a7 (6–7), 3b6 (6–8). Alveoli 1b, 2bapparent. Distance between setae 1a–1a40 (40–48), 2a–2a58 (58–66).  Legs.Setal counts legs I–III, femur-tarsus: 3-2-6(+ φ)-9(+ ω), 0-1-4-7, 0-1-4-7. Leg I: femur I, dminute, l′4 (2–4), v′′17 (13–17); genu I, l′3 (2–3), l′′3 (2–3); tibia I, d82 (70–82), l′6 (5–8), l′′11 (8–11), k6 (4–6), v′8 (5–8), v′′10 (10–14), φ10 (10); tarsus I, tc′17 (14–17), tc′′16 (15–17), pl′9 (8–11), pl′′16 (16–20), pv′3 (3), pv′′3 (4), s7 (6–7), ω3 (3), p′2 (2), u′′1 (1–2). Leg II: genu II, l′4 (3–4); tibia II, d60 (50–60), l′8 (7–8), v′14 (12–15), v′′25 (23–29); tarsus II, tc′6 (5–6), tc′′65 (55–65), pl′3 (3), pv′′3 (3–4), u′8 (7–8), u′′1 (1–2), p′1 (1). Leg III: genu III, l′3 (3–4); tibia III, d47 (45–50), l′7 (7–10), v′15 (10–15), v′′21 (17–26); tarsus III, tc′6 (5–6), tc′′60 (50–60), pl′3 (3–4), pv′′3 (3–4), u′8 (7–8), u′′1 (1), p′1 (1). Genu I, l′-l″blunt, peg-like; tarsus I sspine–like. Tarsi II–III u′spine-like, bifid, tc′, pv′, pv″spine-like. Claws on legs I–III (1-2-2) well developed.  Larviform adult male( Fig. 4; n = 5; square brackets indicate two male specimens with different measurements)   Gnathosoma.Length 30–33 [37–38], width 29–32 [34–35]. Palp length 10–14. Cheliceral stylets 22–26, pharynx width 6–9, ch8–11 [13], su6–9, su–su13–14.    Idiosoma. Length 150–175, width 120–145. Prodorsal plate length 52–57 [59–63], width 86–97 [110–115], with setae  v15–7,  v2vestigial, sc14–6, sc265–80;  v2anteromesad sc1. Distance between setae v1–v 122–26 [27–29], sc1–sc145–49 [52–57],  v1–sc 115–19 [20–21], v2–v 226–29 [30–34], sc2–sc253–63 [67], sc1–sc 220–22 [25–28]. Plate CD length 45–50 [58–65], width 105–115 [140–145], setae c14–7, c25–9, d4–7; distance between setae c1–c138–45 [51–56], c1–c 228–33 [38–40], d–d33–36 [44]; cupuli iaanterolaterad setae d. Plate EF bowed, posterior margin concave, length 24–28, width 40–43 [55–56], setae f2–4, distance f–f23–27 [35–37]; cupuli imanterolaterad setae f. Genital capsule length 18–26, width 27–28 [33–37], setae hminute. Venter: coxal setae 1a2–3, 2a3–4, 3a3–5, 3b4–5, alveoli 1b, 2bapparent. Distance between setae 1a–1a21–24, 2a–2a23–25 [28–36].  Legs.Setal counts legs I–III same as female; setal form similar. Leg I: femur I, dminute, l′2, v′′5–6; genu I, l′, l′′1–2; tibia I, d40–45, l′2 [3–4], l′′3–4, v′2–3, v′′7–9, φ7 [9–10], k2–3; tarsus I, tc′12–14, tc′′13–14, pl′5–7, pl′′13–14, pv′1–2, pv′′1–2, s4, p′1, u′′1, ω 2. Leg II: genu II, l′2–3; tibia II, d25–27, l′5–8, v′10–14, v′′15–17; tarsus II, tc′3–5, tc′′24–26, pl′2–3, pv′′1–3, u′4–5, u′′1. Leg III: genu III, l′2; tibia III, d18–20, l′5–6, v′8–11, v′′14–15; tarsus III, tc′3–4, tc′′25–27, pl′2–3, pv′′2–3, u′4–6, u′′1.   Larval female( Fig. 5; n = 15).  Gnathosoma.Length 55–61, width 52–56. Palp length 15–16. Cheliceral stylets 65–80, pharynx width 12–15, ch30–38, su8–12, su–su15–20.   Idiosoma. Length 225–280, width 170–245. Prodorsal plate length 76–87, width 135–160, with setae  v18– 11, v2vestigial, sc 17–10, sc2130–140;  v2anterolaterad sc1. Distance between setae  v1–v135–40, sc1–sc172– 78, v1–sc 1 23–27,  v2–v244–47, sc2–sc286–98, sc1–sc235–45. Plate C length 57–58, setae c 112–17, setae c 28–12; often with pair of pore-like structures laterad setae c1. Plate D length 48–50, width 105–120, setae d8–11, distance between setae c1–c156–68, c1–c247–57, d–d67–77; cupuli iaanterolateral setae d,distance ia–d2–4. Plate EF length 40–47, width 85–100, setae f9–11, distance f–f54–61; cupuli imanteriad setae f,distance im–f4–5. Plate H length 29–36, width 21–23, seta h1long, ca. 180, seta h2short, 11–13. Venter: coxal setae all short, 1a3–4, 2a4–5, 3a4–6, 3b6–7. Distance between setae 1a–1a28–31, 2a–2a35–39.   FIGURE 1.  Eutarsopolipus burwelli  sp. nov., adult female, dorsum.  Legs. Setal counts legs I–III same as adult female; setal form similar. Leg I: femur I, dminute, l′2–3, v′′10–12; genu I, l′2, l′′2–3; tibia I, d75–85, l′11–13, l′′12–15, v′4–5, v′′12–15, φ10–12, k4–5; tarsus I, tc′15–17, tc′′15–18, pl′7–8, pl′′19–24, pv′1–2, pv′′1–2, s5–6, p′minute, u′′1–2, ω 2–3. Leg II: genu II, l′1–3; tibia II, d40–45, l′8–9, v′14–15, v′′19–21; tarsus II, tc′3–5, tc′′25–36, pl′2–4, pv″2–3, u′5–6, u′′1. Leg III: genu III, l′2–3; tibia III, d45–50, l′7–8, v′15–17, v′′16–20; tarsus III, tc′3–5, tc′′25–35, pl′2–4, pv′′1–2, u′5–6, u′′minute–1.   FIGURE 2.  Eutarsopolipus burwelli  sp. nov., adult female: (A) venter; (B) setae 1a, holotype specimen (anomalous form), detail; (C) setae 1a, paratype specimen (typical form), detail.   FIGURE 3.  Eutarsopolipus burwelli  sp. nov., adult female: (A) leg I, dorsal view; (B) leg II, dorsal view; (C) leg III, dorsal view; (D) tarsus III, ventral view.  Etymology.It is with pleasure that I name this species for my colleague Dr Chris Burwell, the collector of several host beetles for Australian mites, including this species.  Differential diagnosis.  Eutarsopolipus burwelliis a member of the ochoai species group ( Husband 1995; Constantine and Seeman 2005). Within this group, this species is very similar to  E. rutherfordaein having females with a reduced plate H, females and males lacking setae pv′and tiny, spine-like genual setae l′and l″. Females and larvae of each species are easily distinguished, but males and larvae are almost identical. Females are most easily separated by the size of the gnathosoma(66–70 × 62–67 in  E. burwelliversus 53 × 53 in  E. rutherfordae), cheliceral stylets ( 75–95 in  E. burwelliversus 60 in  E. rutherfordae), size of setae dand f( 8–14 in  E. burwelliversus 22–25 in  E. rutherfordae), and the size of tibia I seta l′( 5–8 in  E. burwelliversus 13 in  E. rutherfordae). The larger gnathosomaof  E. burwellialso presents in the larva (55–61 × 52–56 in  E. burwelliversus 47 × 47 in  E. rutherfordae), as do the longer cheliceral stylets ( 65–80 in  E. burwelliversus 48 in  E. rutherfordae).  Remarks.Two males had several measurements somewhat larger than the other specimens. Although these seem different, size variation in male podapolipid mites is a known phenomenon and extreme variation was recorded for  Eutarsopolipus pungens Husband and Dastych, 1998. This variation makes diagnostics based on males difficult. Similar variation in larvae and females has not been reported.  Constantine and Seeman (2014)described three new species of  Eutarsopolipusthat they placed in the  ochoaispecies group. This decision was based on the original definition of the  ochoaispecies group ( Husband 1995) and the key to species groups in Husband and Husband (2009). Since Husband (1995), the  ochoaispecies group has obtained nine members as defined by Constantine and Seeman (2014), but its definition has become less robust and overlaps with the  brettaespecies group, as proposed by Husband (2002). Species in the  ochoaigroup may lack a respiratory system (  E. earnshawi,  E. lambkinae,  E. rutherfordae;  E. scariteus Husband, 2001;  E. weatherbyi Husband and Psalmonds, 2004), show only the rudiments of stigmata (  E. ochoai Husband, 1995), or have a well-developed respiratory system (  E. dastychi Husband & Khaustov 2004;  E. leyteiHusband & Corpuz-Raros, 1995). Species of the  brettaespecies group, which comprises only  E. brettaeHusband, 2002and  E. obrieni Husband and Husband, 2015, both lack a respiratory system. All these species retain claws on legs I–III, three setae on femur I, and at least one seta on genua I–III. The presence/absence of a respiratory system is an important character in  Eutarsopolipus. Several species groups are defined by this feature, as shown in the key of Husband and Husband (2009), which has an error in its first couplet (the first couplet needs to be reversed). Therefore, it is unhelpful if this character is not used consistently to define species groups. For instance,  E. scariteus—a member of the  ochoaispecies group—will key to the  brettaespecies group in Husband and Husband (2009). Furthermore, the rudimentary stigmata of  E. ochoaneed to be reassessed as they occur in an atypical position at the anterior margin of the prodorsal shield (and posteromesad the gnathosoma), so these may be another structure, as the stigmata are usually posterolaterad the gnathosomain  Eutarsopolipus.   FIGURE 4.  Eutarsopolipus burwelli  sp. nov., larviform adult male, dorsum.   FIGURE 5.  Eutarsopolipus burwelli  sp. nov., larval female, dorsum. A reformation of species groups based on phylogenetic analysis is needed, but in the interim it would seem best to define the  ochoaispecies group in the manner originally intended, so that it includes only species with the respiratory system absent, retaining setae on all genua, and possessing claws on all legs. This definition includes the two species from the  brettaespecies group (  E. brettae, E. obrieni) but excludes  E. dastychiand  E. leytei. The latter two species could be accommodated in the  leyteispecies group, defined by the retention of a respiratory system, presence of claws on all legs, three femur I setae and presence of setae on all genua. Within the  ochoaiand  leyteispecies groups, some reductions are apparent. Some species lack setae l″on genu I (  E. brettae, E. lambkinae, E. obrieni) and males of some species have hypotrichous leg setation (  E. brettae, E. dastychi, E. lambkinae, E. ochoai, E. scariteus). While the former character is homoplasious, the latter is found only in members of the  ochoaiand  leyteispecies groups, and in the unusual species  Eutarsopolipus stammeri Regenfuss, 1968, which has its own species group. 2413160401 2013-11-14 Eungella NP & Mt William & Site Australia -21.016 Queensland 75 148.598 1 135 38 18 15 5 Queensland holotype 2413160369 24-11-01 QMS Australia Burwell 1 135 1 Queensland paratype 2413160281 [516,1222,1796,1823] 25-11-01 QMS Eungella NP & Mt William & Site Australia -21.016 Queensland 75 148.598 1 135 9 6 3 Queensland paratype 2413160150 1993-12-01 1993-12-31 1993-12-01 Australia -28.307777 Crediton 20 148.54251 1 135 2 1 1 Queensland paratype 2413160185 [835,1432,1832,1859] 34-11-01 ANZSES, QMS Australia 1 135 1 Queensland paratype 2413160344 [151,1276,1868,1895] 1973-01-06 Eungella NP Australia -21.136667 Dalrymple Heights 21 148.49167 1 135 16 7 9 Queensland paratype 2413160364 36-11-01 QMS Hammond Australia 1 135 ANIC 52-003930, 1, ANIC 52-003931 2 2 Queensland paratype 2413160243 1992-11-17 Eungella NP Australia -21.028055 Upper Cattle Creek 21 148.60306 1 135 3 2 1 Queensland paratype 2413160258 [222,1136,1976,2004] 46-11-01 QMS G. Monteith & G. Thomson & Janetzki Australia 1 135 1 Queensland paratype 2413160299 1992-12-21 1993-01-10 1992-12-21 Australia -21.018055 Mount William 21 148.59917 1 135 1 1 Queensland paratype 2413160280 [852,1432,2012,2039] 49-11-01 ANZSES, QMS Australia 1 135 1 Queensland paratype 2413160158 [151,1106,152,179] 1992-11-19 1993-04-15 1992-11-19 Australia -20.8325 Mt Macartney 21 148.55194 2 136 3 3 Queensland paratype 2413160367 51-11-01 QMS Australia 2 136 ANIC 52-003932 2 2 Queensland paratype 2413160311 ANIC, ZMH One 2 136 2 Qom holotype