Chamaesphecia borreyi Le Cerf, 1922 Pyropteron atlantis sensu Kallies, 1999 Limonium Armeria P. atlantis Armeria P. borreyi P. atlantis Helianthemum A molecular phylogeny and revision of the genus Pyropteron Newman, 1832 (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) reveals unexpected diversity and frequent hostplant switch as a driver of speciation Bartsch, Daniel Pühringer, Franz Milla, Liz Lingenhöle, Arthur Kallies, Axel Zootaxa 2021 2021-05-18 4972 1 1 75 BBBH7 (Le Cerf, 1922) Le Cerf 1922 [151,577,151,178] Insecta Sesiidae Pyropteron Animalia Lepidoptera 59 60 Arthropoda species borreyi  ( Figs 40, 41, 194–199)    Chamaesphecia borreyi Le Cerf, 1922: Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée, 19 (1): 133. Lectotype: ♂, Moroccoeast, Chabat-el-Hamma (MNHN).   Pyropteron atlantissensu Kallies, 1999(in part); nec Schwingenschuss, 1935, misidentification. This species is an endemic of the Atlas Mts in Morocco. It was revised by Kallies (1999)who also figured the male and female genitalia. It was thought to be confined to the Middle Atlas mountain range with larvae feeding in the roots of  Limonium. Similar populations feeding in  Armeriaand common at high altitudes of the High Atlas Mts were considered  P. atlantis(compare Kallies 1999). Surprisingly, however, our barcode analysis and field observations have revealed that the populations associated with  Armeriaalso belong to  P. borreyi, while  P. atlantisis confined to feeding on  Helianthemum.   Diagnosis.  P. borreyiis similar to several medium sized, dark brownish-grey to black coloured species of the genus, namely  P. atlantis,  P. maroccanaand  P. erodiiphagafrom North Africa, and  P. hispanica,  P. koschwitziand  P. kautzifrom south-western Europe.  P. atlantisdiffers clearly by the glossy black (not dark grey to black) body, the pure white (not partly yellowish) markings, the deep black (not whitish mottled) abdomen. The remaining species differ by the more brownish base colour, the presence of a white patch between antenna and ocellus in male (present in males of  P. maroccanaand  P. hispanica). One specimen ( Fig. 99) from Mischliffen, Middle Atlas Mts, has the inner margins of the tegulae and the dorsal stripe of the abdomen white, very similar to  P. atlantis, but the abdominal sternites are densely mottled with white (black in  P. atlantis). Variability. This species shows a considerable degree of variability. Populations from higher altitude and feeding in  Armeriashow somewhat smaller transparent areas of the forewings, wider discal spots and appear grey rather than brownish.  Barcodes.Despite the small range inhabited by this species, sequence analysis shows some heterogeneity among  P. borreyi, also reflected in the morphology, including the size of the transparent areas of the forewing. This is perhaps due to the wide range of habitats and hostplants, ranging from open, stony and bushy terrain with  Armeriaas well as forest openings with  Limoniumand  Armeriain the Middle Atlas Mts to alpine meadows with exclusively  Armeriain the High Atlas Mts. The maximal intraspecific sequence differences are at 1.5%, suggesting that all specimens examined are conspecific.   Biology and habitat.  P. borreyiis an oligophagous species, whose larvae live in the root of various species of  Limoniumand  Armeria(Plumbaginaceae). It inhabits humid subalpine and alpine meadows between 1600 and 2900m, and often occurs together with the previous species.   Distribution.Only known from the High and Middle Atlas Mts and from Rabat, Morocco( Kallies 1999, our own observations).  Specimens examined.  1♂, Morocco, Middle Atlas,  30kmW Azrou, Mrirt, e.l. ex  Limoniumsp., 10.V.1997, leg. AL (BOLD DB-Lep-00057 [contaminated]);  1♂, Morocco, Middle Atlas, Tanout-ou-Filiali, 6.VI.1999, leg. DB;  1♂, Morocco, Middle Atlas, Sslope of Col du Zad,  2000m, 18.VI.2007, leg. DB;  3♂, Morocco, MiddleAtlas, Ifrane, Tizi-n Tretten,  1950m, 19. and 21.VI.2007, leg. DB;  1♂, ibid., e.l. ex  Limoniumsp., larva 16.IV., adult 25.V.–15.VI.1997, leg. AK (CDB);  1♂( Fig. 196), Morocco, Middle Atlas, Mischliffen, 23.VI.1998. leg. Špatenka;  4♂, Morocco, High Atlas, Oukaimeden,  2700m, 23. VI., 25.  VI. and 8.VII.1998, leg. AL;  1♂, ibid., 11.VI.1999, leg. DB; 31♂( Figs 197–198),  3♀( Fig. 199), ibid., 22.–24.VI.2007, leg. DB ( Bartschgen. prep. 2007-50; 2007-51) ( CDB, SMNS); ibid., 23.VI.1998, leg. AL ( Bartschgen. prep. 2007-56);  4♂, 1♀, Morocco, Middle Atlas, Ifrane, Tizi-n Tretten,  2200m, 30.VI.–5.VII.1994, leg. Riefenstahl; 8♂( Fig. 194),  3♀, Morocco, Middle Atlas, Ifrane, Tizi-n Tretten,  1700m, 27.VI.–6.VII.1994, leg. Riefenstahl;  1♀, ibid.,  1900m, e.l. ex  Limoniumsp., larva 16.IV., adult 10.VII.1997, leg. AK (CCDB-04613-C07)  1♂, Morocco, Middle Atlas, Col du Zad,  2000m, 5.VII.1998, on  Limoniumsp., leg. AL (Bartsch gen. prep. 2007-57);  1♀( Fig. 195), Morocco, Middle Atlas,  5kmNNE Mrirt,  1200m, e.l. ex  Limoniumsp., larva 14.IV., adult 15.-31.V.1997, leg. AK (CCDB-04613-C09);  5♂, Morocco, High Atlas, Oukaimeden,  2630m, 29.VI.2009, leg. FP (SMNS);  16♂, Morocco, Haut Atlas, Oukaimeden,  2630–2720 m, 1.VII.2005, leg. FP (BOX-2220 F07, photo 2005/1199-1227);  16♂, ibid., 2.VII.2005, leg. FP (BOX-2221 C07);  17♂, ibid., 20.VI.2008, leg. FP (photo 2008/864-869);  34♂, ibid., 29.VI.2009, leg. FP (CCDB-02113-F11 and F12, photo 2009/435-445);  1♀, ibid., 6.VII.2009, leg. FP (photo 2009/557-565);  4♂, Morocco, Moyen Atlas, Col du Zad,  2100–2165 m, 22.VI.2009, leg. FP (photo 2009/258-277);  29♂, ibid., 25.VI.2009, leg. FP (CCDB-02112 A11);  5♂, ibid.,  3.VII.2009, leg. FP;  36♂, ibid.,  4.VII.2009, leg. FP (CCDB-02113 F09, CCDB-02112 A10, photo 2009/464-474);  1♂, Morocco, Moyen Atlas, Ait Mhammed SE Azilal,  1690 m, 27. VI.2009, leg. FP (CCDB-02113 F10) (CFP). 3127750568 [466,1350,1395,1422] Morocco Middle Atlas Mrirt 59 60 1 1 3127750844 [721,1283,1431,1458] Middle Atlas & Tanout-ou-Filiali Morocco Morocco 59 60 1 1 3127750456 [206,928,1467,1494] Middle Atlas, S & Col du Zad Morocco 2000 Morocco 59 60 1 1 3127750493 Tizi-n Tretten Morocco 1950 Middle Ifrane 59 60 3 3 3127750709 Tizi-n Tretten Morocco 1950 Middle Ifrane 59 60 1 1 3127750618 [550,1170,1539,1566] Middle Atlas & Mischliffen Morocco Morocco 59 60 1 1 3127750980 [151,816,1575,1602] VI Morocco 2700 High Atlas Oukaimeden 59 60 4 4 3127750390 [816,924,1575,1602] VI Morocco 2700 true High Atlas Oukaimeden 59 60 1 3127750342 [1142,1285,1575,1601] VI Morocco 2700 true High Atlas Oukaimeden 59 60 1 1 3127750399 [458,785,1611,1637] VI Morocco 2700 true High Atlas Oukaimeden 59 60 3 3 3127750504 CDB, SMNS Morocco 2700 true Bartsch Oukaimeden 59 60 1 3127750419 [545,969,1647,1674] Morocco Bartsch 59 60 1 3127750603 Ifrane & Tizi-n Tretten Morocco 2200 Middle Atlas 59 60 5 1 4 3127750641 Ifrane & Tizi-n Tretten Morocco 1700 Middle Atlas 59 60 3 3 3127750739 Ifrane & Tizi-n Tretten Morocco 1900 Middle Atlas 59 60 1 1 3127750392 [703,1287,1755,1782] Col du Zad Morocco 2000 Middle Atlas 59 60 1 1 3127750594 Morocco 1200 Middle Atlas 59 60 1 1 3127750480 Oukaimeden Morocco 2630 High Atlas 59 60 5 5 3127751071 Oukaimeden Morocco 2675 Haut Atlas 59 60 16 16 3127750626 [868,1018,1899,1926] Oukaimeden Morocco 2675 Haut Atlas 59 60 16 16 3127750602 [151,321,1935,1961] Oukaimeden Morocco 2675 Haut Atlas 59 60 17 17 3127750538 [795,964,1935,1961] Oukaimeden Morocco 2675 Haut Atlas 59 60 34 34 3127751007 [464,598,1971,1997] Oukaimeden Morocco 2675 Haut Atlas 59 60 1 1 3127751051 Col du Zad Morocco 2133 Moyen Atlas 59 60 4 4 3127751002 [912,1075,2007,2034] Col du Zad Morocco 2133 Moyen Atlas 59 60 29 29 3127750647 [223,558,150,177] 2009-07-03 60 61 5 5 3127750552 2009-07-04 60 61 36 36 3127750984 [333,1110,187,213] VI Ait Mhammed SE Azilal Morocco 1690 Morocco 60 61 1 1